Research Article

Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens

Volume: 9 Number: 2 August 31, 2026
TR EN

Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is widely used for mediastinal staging in lung 
cancer patients; however, false-negative results may still occur despite its high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical 
and cytopathological factors associated with false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.
MATERIALS and METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal or hilar lymph node evaluation and subsequently underwent surgical resection. Lymph node stations 4, 7, 10, 11, and 12 were sampled according to radiological findings and accessibility. Cytopathological specimens were classified according to background characteristics as lymphocyte-rich, hemorrhagic/fibrinous, or low-cellularity. EBUS-TBNA results were categorized as reactive, metastatic, or nondiagnostic/suspicious. False-negative cases were defined as patients with reactive EBUS-TBNA findings but metastatic lymph node involvement detected in surgical specimens. Clinical, radiological, and cytopathological parameters were compared between false-negative and non-false-negative (i.e., all remaining, non-metastatic-miss) groups.
RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. False-negative EBUS-TBNA results were identified in 30 patients (15%). Cytopathological background characteristics were significantly associated with false-negative results (p<0.001). False-negative cases were significantly associated with lymphocyte-rich cytological background patterns. No significant associations were observed between false-negative results and histological subtype, lymph node group, tumor size, or SUVmax values (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Cytopathological background characteristics may affect the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA. Lymphocyte-rich or reactive-appearing specimens should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in patients with persistent radiological suspicion for nodal metastasis. Sampling error and low tumor burden may contribute to false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No financial support was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (Date: 06.05.2026, Decision No: 2026/560). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived.

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pathology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 31, 2026

Submission Date

June 15, 2026

Acceptance Date

July 30, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 9 Number: 2

APA
Gürçay, N., Demirağ, F., Kaplan Yılmaz, M. B., Yildirim Mayda, Ç., Türkan, A., Acar, L. N., & Öztürk, A. (2026). Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
AMA
1.Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, et al. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9(2):67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
Chicago
Gürçay, Nesrin, Funda Demirağ, Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz, et al. 2026. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated With False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (2): 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
EndNote
Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, Yildirim Mayda Ç, Türkan A, Acar LN, Öztürk A (August 1, 2026) Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2 67–74.
IEEE
[1]N. Gürçay et al., “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”, Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 67–74, Aug. 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
ISNAD
Gürçay, Nesrin - Demirağ, Funda - Kaplan Yılmaz, Müzeyyen Burcu - Yildirim Mayda, Çiğdem - Türkan, Ayşegül - Acar, Leyla Nesrin - Öztürk, Ayperi. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated With False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2 (August 1, 2026): 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
JAMA
1.Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, Yildirim Mayda Ç, Türkan A, Acar LN, Öztürk A. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2026;9:67–74.
MLA
Gürçay, Nesrin, et al. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated With False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 67-74, https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
Vancouver
1.Nesrin Gürçay, Funda Demirağ, Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz, Çiğdem Yildirim Mayda, Ayşegül Türkan, Leyla Nesrin Acar, Ayperi Öztürk. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi [Internet]. 2026 Aug. 1;9(2):67-74. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE

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