Araştırma Makalesi

Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens

Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2 31 Ağustos 2026
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Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens

Öz

OBJECTIVE: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is widely used for mediastinal staging in lung 
cancer patients; however, false-negative results may still occur despite its high diagnostic accuracy. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical 
and cytopathological factors associated with false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.
MATERIALS and METHODS: This retrospective study included patients who underwent EBUS-TBNA for mediastinal or hilar lymph node evaluation and subsequently underwent surgical resection. Lymph node stations 4, 7, 10, 11, and 12 were sampled according to radiological findings and accessibility. Cytopathological specimens were classified according to background characteristics as lymphocyte-rich, hemorrhagic/fibrinous, or low-cellularity. EBUS-TBNA results were categorized as reactive, metastatic, or nondiagnostic/suspicious. False-negative cases were defined as patients with reactive EBUS-TBNA findings but metastatic lymph node involvement detected in surgical specimens. Clinical, radiological, and cytopathological parameters were compared between false-negative and non-false-negative (i.e., all remaining, non-metastatic-miss) groups.
RESULTS: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. False-negative EBUS-TBNA results were identified in 30 patients (15%). Cytopathological background characteristics were significantly associated with false-negative results (p<0.001). False-negative cases were significantly associated with lymphocyte-rich cytological background patterns. No significant associations were observed between false-negative results and histological subtype, lymph node group, tumor size, or SUVmax values (p>0.05).
CONCLUSION: Cytopathological background characteristics may affect the diagnostic accuracy of EBUS-TBNA. Lymphocyte-rich or reactive-appearing specimens should be interpreted cautiously, particularly in patients with persistent radiological suspicion for nodal metastasis. Sampling error and low tumor burden may contribute to false-negative EBUS-TBNA results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

No financial support was received for this study.

Etik Beyan

The study was approved by the institutional ethics committee (Date: 06.05.2026, Decision No: 2026/560). All procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, informed consent was waived.

Kaynakça

  1. Yasufuku K, Chiyo M, Koh E, Moriya Y, Iyoda A, Sekine Y, et al. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration for staging of lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2005; 50(3): 347-354. doi: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2005.07.013
  2. Vilmann P, Clementsen PF, Colella S, Siemsen M, De Leyn P , Dumonceau JM, et al. Combined endobronchial and esophageal endosonography for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Eur Respir J. 2015; 46(1): 40-60. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00064515
  3. Fiore C, Ayasa LA, Murn M, Swenson K. A comprehensive review of EBUS-TBNA: staging, techniques, and future directions. J Thorac Dis. 2025; 17(12): 11488-11500. doi: 10.21037/jtd-2025-1202
  4. Cerfolio RJ, Bryant AS, Eloubeidi MA, Frederick PA, Minnich DJ, Harbour KC, et al. The true false negative rates of esophageal and endobronchial ultrasound in the staging of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg. 2010; 90(2): 427-434. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2010.04.062
  5. Shah E, Raman NS, Aggarwal MK, Jain A, Chokhani A, Murugan A, et al. Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound in the staging of lung cancer: a comparison of staging EBUS with postoperative pathological nodal staging. Lung India. 2024; 41(2): 93-97. doi: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_449_23
  6. Kukhon FR, Lan X, Helgeson SA, Arunthari V, Fernandez-Bussy S, Patel NM. Occult lymph node metastasis in radiologic stage I non-small cell lung cancer: the role of endobronchial ultrasound. Clin Respir J. 2021; 15(6): 676-682. doi: 10.1111/crj.13344
  7. Belanger AR, Hollyfield J, Yacovone G, Ceppe AS, Akulin JA, Burks AC, et al. Incidence and clinical relevance of non-small cell lung cancer lymph node micro-metastasis detected by staging EBUS-TBNA. J Thorac Dis. 2019; 11(8): 3650-3658. doi: 10.21037/jtd.2019.05.36
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Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Patoloji

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

31 Ağustos 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Haziran 2026

Kabul Tarihi

30 Temmuz 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gürçay, N., Demirağ, F., Kaplan Yılmaz, M. B., Yildirim Mayda, Ç., Türkan, A., Acar, L. N., & Öztürk, A. (2026). Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(2), 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
AMA
1.Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, vd. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. AEGEAN J MED SCI. 2026;9(2):67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
Chicago
Gürçay, Nesrin, Funda Demirağ, Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz, vd. 2026. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 (2): 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
EndNote
Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, Yildirim Mayda Ç, Türkan A, Acar LN, Öztürk A (01 Ağustos 2026) Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9 2 67–74.
IEEE
[1]N. Gürçay vd., “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”, AEGEAN J MED SCI, c. 9, sy 2, ss. 67–74, Ağu. 2026, [çevrimiçi]. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE
ISNAD
Gürçay, Nesrin - Demirağ, Funda - Kaplan Yılmaz, Müzeyyen Burcu - Yildirim Mayda, Çiğdem - Türkan, Ayşegül - Acar, Leyla Nesrin - Öztürk, Ayperi. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 9/2 (01 Ağustos 2026): 67-74. https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
JAMA
1.Gürçay N, Demirağ F, Kaplan Yılmaz MB, Yildirim Mayda Ç, Türkan A, Acar LN, Öztürk A. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. AEGEAN J MED SCI. 2026;9:67–74.
MLA
Gürçay, Nesrin, vd. “Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens”. Ege Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 9, sy 2, Ağustos 2026, ss. 67-74, https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE.
Vancouver
1.Nesrin Gürçay, Funda Demirağ, Müzeyyen Burcu Kaplan Yılmaz, Çiğdem Yildirim Mayda, Ayşegül Türkan, Leyla Nesrin Acar, Ayperi Öztürk. Clinical and Cytopathological Factors Associated with False-Negative Results in EBUS-TBNA Specimens. AEGEAN J MED SCI [Internet]. 01 Ağustos 2026;9(2):67-74. Erişim adresi: https://izlik.org/JA86NL92TE

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