KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA

Gökhan Kağnıcı

doi:10.18513/egetid.1423589

KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA

Öz

Eski Mezopotamya’nın çivi yazılı metinleri tıbbi hastalıkların nedenleri ve iyileşmeleri olgusu ile tanrısal müdahale arasında doğrudan bağlantı kurar. Öte yandan tanrı ya da tanrıçaların sakatlanmış bedeni iyileştirmelerindeki rolleri çoğu kez göz ardı edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Sumer tanrıçası Nintinuga’nın sonradan edinilmiş geçici fiziksel sakatlık hallerini iyileştirmedeki rolü incelenmiştir. Böylece sakatlanmış bir insan bedeni karşısında Mezopotamyalı tanrıçadan beklenen şifanın sosyo-kültürel ve dini tutumları ve bağlantıları daha iyi anlaşılmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

Ali 1966 Fadhil A. Ali, “Dedication of a Dog to Nintinugga”, Archív Orientální 34, s. 289-293.
Annus 2002 Amar Annus, The God Ninurta in the Mythology and Royal Ideology of Ancient Mesopotamia, The Neo-Assyrian Text Corpus Project: Helsinki.
Avalos 1995 Hector Avalos, Illness and Health Care in the Ancient Near East: The Role of the Temple in Greece, Mesopotamia, and Israel, Harvard Semitic Monographs 54, Scholars Press: Atlanta- Georgia.
Avalos 1996 Hector Avalos, “The Āšipu and Asû Reconsidered”, Exploring New Paradigms in Biblical and Cognate Studies, (Ed: Jr. H. R. Page), Edwin Mellen: New York, s. 59-83.
Bácskay 2013 András Bácskay, “Asakkû: Demons and Illness in Ancient Mesopotamia”, Studies on Magic and Divination in the Biblical World, (Eds: Helen R. Jacobus, Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme, Philippe Guillaume), Gorgias Press: New Jersey, s. 1-7.
Bergmann 1965 Eugen Bergmann, “Untersuchungen zu syllabisch geschriebenen sumerischen Texten”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 56/1, s. 1-43.
Borger 1998 Rykle Borger, “Zum Emesal-Vokabular”, Dubsar anta-men: Studien zur Altorientalistik: Festschrift für Willem H. Ph. Römer zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres, mit Beiträgen von Freunden, Schülern und Kollegen, (Eds: Manfried Dietrich und Oswald Loretz), Ugarit Verlag: Münster, s. 17-37.
Böck 2007 Barbara Böck, Das Handbuch Muššu'u “Einreibung”. Eine Serie sumerischer und akkadischer Beschwörungen aus dem 1. Jt vor Ch, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas: Madrid.

Böck 2014 Barbara Böck, The Healing Goddess Gula: Towards an Understanding of Ancient Babylonian Medicine, Brill: Leiden.
Cavigneaux 1995 Antoine Cavigneaux, “La Pariade du Scorpion dans les Formules Magiques Sumériennes (Textes de Tell Haddad V)”, Acta Sumerologica 17, s. 75-100.
Ceccarelli 2009 Manuel Ceccarelli, “Einige Bemerkungen zum Synkretismus Bau/Ninisina”, Dallo stirone al Tigri, dal tevere all’Eufrate: Studi inonore di Claudio Saporetti, (Eds: Paola Negri Scafa and Salvatore Viaggio), Aracne: Rome, s. 31-54.
Civil 2010 Miguel Civil, The Lexical Texts in the Schøyen Collection, CDL Press: Bethesda-Maryland.
Cohen 2020 Yoren Cohen, “Who’s Who is the ‘House of Ur-Meme’: Reconfiguring Old Babylonian Literature and Ur III Historical Sources”, Kaskal 17, s. 23-52.
Cohen 2023 Mark E. Cohen, An Annotated Sumerian Dictionary, GabbayEisenbrauns: University Park, Pennsylvania.
Edzard 1998 Dietz Otto Edzard, “Nin-tin-uga, Nin-tila-uga”, Reallexikon der Assyriologie 9, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin, s. 506.
Frankena 1971 Rintje Frankena, “Gula”, Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie 3, de Gruyter: Berlin, s.695-697.
Frayne 1990 Douglas R. Frayne, Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods (RIME 4), University of Toronto Press: Toronto.
Frayne 1997 Douglas R. Frayne, Ur III Period (2112-2004 BC), The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods (RIME 3/2), University of Toronto Press: Toronto.
Gabbay 2015 Uri Gabbay, The Eršema Prayers of the First Millennium BC, Vol 2, Harrassowitz Verlag-Wiesbaden.
George 1993 Andrew R. George, House Most High: the Temples of Ancient Mesopotamia, Eisenbrauns: Winona Lake.
Gong 2000 Yushu Gong, Die Namen der Keilschriftzeichen, Ugarit-Verlag: Münster.
Greve ve Westenholz 2013 Julia M. Asher-Greve - Joan Goodnick Westenholz, Goddesses in Context: On Divine Powers, Roles, Relationships and Gender in Mesopotamian Textual and Visual Sources, Academic Press, Fribourg -Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht: Göttingen.
Grégoire 2002 Jean-Pierre Grégoire, Contribution à l'Histoire Sociale, Économique, Politique et Culturelle du Proche-Orient Ancien: Archives Administratives et Inscriptions Cunéiformes de l‘Ashmolean Museum et de la Bodleian Collection d'Oxford, Geuthner: Paris.
Hallo 1959 William W. Hallo, “The Last Years of the Kings of ISIN”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 18/1, s. 54-72.
Hallo 1972 William W. Hallo, “The House of Ur-Meme”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 31/2, s. 87-95.
Hallo 1976 William W. Hallo, “The Royal Correspondence of Larsa: I. A Sumerian Prototype for the Prayer of Hezekiah?”, Cuneiform Studies in Honor of Samuel Noah Kramer, (Eds: B. L. Eichler et al.), Alter Orient und Altes Testament 25, Neukirchener Verlag: Neukirchen-Vluyn, s. 209-225.
Halloran 2006 Joan Alan Halloran, Sumerian Lexicon, Logogram Publishing: Los Angeles.
Halton ve Svard 2018 Charles Halton ve Saana Svard, Women’s Writing of Ancient Mesopotamia: An Anthology of the Earliest Female Authors, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Kleinerman 2011 Alexandra Kleinerman, Education in Early 2nd Millennium BC Babylonia, Cuneiform Monographs, Brill: Leiden-Boston.
Krebernik 1986 Manfred Krebernik, “Die Götterlisten aus Fara”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 76, s. 161-204.
Krecher 1966 Joachim Krecher, Sumerische Kultlyrik, Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden.
Lambert 1967 Wilfred G. Lambert, “The Gula Hymn of Bulluṭsa-rabi”, Orientalia: Nova Series 36/2, s. 105-132.
Lion 2011 Brigitte Lion, “Literacy and Gender”, The Oxford Handbook of Cuneiform Culture (Eds: Karen Radner and Eleanor Robson), Oxford University Press: Oxford, s. 90-112.
Mander 1978 Pietro Mander, “Aspetti del culto a Fara”, Oriens Antiquus 17, s. 1-15.
Martin vd. 2001 Harriet P. Martin - Francesco Pomponio - Guiseppe Visicato -Aage Westenholz, The Fara Tablets in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, CDL Press: Bethesda-Maryland.
Maul 1988 Stefan M. Maul, ‘Herzberuhigungsklagen’, die sumerisch-akkadischen Eršahunga-Gebete, Otto Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden.
Maul 1994 Stefan M. Maul, Zukunftsbewaltigung: Eine Untersuchung altorientalischen Denkens anhand der babyloniscb-assyrischen Löserituale (Namburbi), Baghdader Forschungen, 18, Philipp von Zabern: Mainz. Middeke-Conlin 2014 Robert Middeke-Conlin, “The Scents of Larsa: A Study of the Aromatics Industry in an Old Babylonian Kingdom” Cuneiform Digital Library Journal 2014:1, s. 1-53.
Oshima 2014 Takayoshi Oshima, Babylonain Poems of Pious Sufferers: Ludlul bēl nēmeqi and the Babylonian Theodicy, Mohr Siebeck: Tubingen.
Peterson 2009 Jeremiah Peterson, “Two New Sumerian Texts Involving The Netherworld and Funerary Offerings”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 99 /2, s. 233-246.
Peterson 2020 Jeremiah Peterson, “A Poetic Description of Surgery and Disease Snatching Dogs? A Collective of Sumerian Hymns to Healing Deities From Old Babylonian Nippur”, Oriens Antiquus. Series Nova, No. 2, s. 143-150.
Ritter 1966 Edith K. Ritter, “Magical-expert (=āšipu) and Physician (=asû): Notes on Two Complementary Professions in Babylonian Medicine”, Studies in Honor of Benno Landsberger on his Seventy-Fifth Birthday, April 21, 1965, (Eds: H. G. Güterbock, T. Jacobsen), University of Chicago Press: Chicago, s. 299-321.
Römer 1965 Willem H. Ph. Römer, Sumerische ‘Königshymnen’ Der Isin-Zeit, Brill: Leiden.
Römer 1989 Willem H.Ph. Römer, “Hymnen, Klagelieder und Gebete in sumerischer Sprache”, Lieder und Gebete I. Texte aus der Umwelt des Alten Testaments II, 5, (Ed: Otto Kaiser), Gütersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn: Gütersloh, s. 645-717.
Römer 2003 Willem H. Ph. Römer, “Miscellanea Sumerologica V. Bittbrief einer Gelähmten um Genesung an die Götter Nintinugga”, Literatur, Politik und Recht in Mesopotamien. Festschrift für Claus Wilcke, Orientalia Biblica et Christiana 14, (Eds: Walther Sallaberger, Konrad Volk, and Anette Zgoll), Harrassowitz Verlag: Wiesbaden, s. 237-249.
Sallaberger 1993 Walther Sallaberger, Der Kultische Kalender der Ur III-Zeit, Untersuchungen zur Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie, Walter de Gruyter: Berlin.
Scurlock 1999 JoAnn Scurlock, “Physician, Exorcist, Conjurer, Magician: A Tale of Two Healing Professionals”, Mesopotamian Magic, (Eds: T. Abusch, K. Van der Toorn), Styx: Groningen, s. 69-79.
Snell ve Lager 1991 Daniel C. Snell ve Carl H. Lager, Economic Texts from Sumer, Yale University Press: New Haven.
Steible 1982 Horst Steible, Die altsumerischen Bau- und Weihinschriften II, F. Steiner: Wiesbaden. Steinkeller 1989 Piotr Steinkeller, Sale Documents of the Ur-III Period, Franz Steiner: Stuttgart.
Stol 2016 Marten Stol, Women in the Ancient Near East (Trns: Helen-Mervyn Richardson), Walter De Gruyter: Berlin.
Stone 1976 Elizabeth C. Stone, Old Babylonian Contracts From Nippur I, The University of Chicago Press: Chicago & London.
Such-Gutiérrez 2003 Marcos Such-Gutiérrez, Beiträge zum Pantheon von Nippur im 3. Jahrtausend, Univ. degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali: Rome.
Tsouparopoulou 2020 Christina Tsouparopoulou, “The Healing Goddess, Her Dogs and Physicians in Late Third Millennium BC Mesopotamia”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 110/1, s. 14-24.
Westenholz 1975 Aage Westenholz, Early Cuneiform Texts in Jena, Kommissionaer: Munksgaard.
Westenholz 1987 Aage Westenholz, Old Sumerian and Old Akkadian Texts in Philadelphia II, Museum Tusculanum Press: Copenhagen.
Yoshikawa 1987 Mamoru Yoshikawa, “Sumerian Tablets in Japanese Private Collections (I)”, Acta Sumerologica 9, s. 303-319.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

Türkçe

Konular

Çağdaş Akdeniz Tarihi, Siyasi Tarih (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Gökhan Kağnıcı ^*
0000-0002-8357-6624
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi

26 Temmuz 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

22 Ocak 2024

Kabul Tarihi

14 Mart 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 39 Sayı: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1423589

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA75XC67CJ

Kaynak Göster

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kağnıcı, G. (2024). KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, 39(1), 163-180. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1423589

AMA

1.Kağnıcı G. KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA. TID. 2024;39(1):163-180. doi:10.18513/egetid.1423589

Chicago

Kağnıcı, Gökhan. 2024. “KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39 (1): 163-80. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1423589.

EndNote

Kağnıcı G (01 Temmuz 2024) KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39 1 163–180.

IEEE

[1]G. Kağnıcı, “KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA”, TID, c. 39, sy 1, ss. 163–180, Tem. 2024, doi: 10.18513/egetid.1423589.

ISNAD

Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 39/1 (01 Temmuz 2024): 163-180. https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1423589.

JAMA

1.Kağnıcı G. KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA. TID. 2024;39:163–180.

MLA

Kağnıcı, Gökhan. “KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA”. Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi, c. 39, sy 1, Temmuz 2024, ss. 163-80, doi:10.18513/egetid.1423589.

Vancouver

1.Gökhan Kağnıcı. KÖTÜRÜMÜN ŞİFACISI : TANRIÇA NİNTİNUGA’NIN SAKATLANMIŞ BEDENİ İYİLEŞTİRMESİ İNANCI ÜZERİNE BİR SORUŞTURMA. TID. 01 Temmuz 2024;39(1):163-80. doi:10.18513/egetid.1423589