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Acil Serviste Yönetilen Pelvik Kırıkların Retrospektif Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1 - 9, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1783663

Abstract

Arka Plan: Pelvik kırıklar, genç erişkinlerde yüksek enerjili travmaların, ileri yaş bireylerde ise kırılganlık kaynaklı düşmelerin sonucunda ortaya çıkmaktadır. Acil servise başvuruların yaş ve cinsiyete özgü dağılımlarının, bağlamının ve nedenselliğinin anlaşılması, hedefe yönelik önleme stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine ve hizmet planlamasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Yöntemler: 29 Nisan 2017 ile 29 Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasında Türkiye’nin güneydoğusundaki üçüncü basamak bir sağlık merkezinin acil servisine pelvik kırık tanısı (ICD-10 kodları S32 ve T02.1) ile başvuran 1.324 hastanın retrospektif gözlemsel analizi gerçekleştirildi. Demografik özellikler, tanı kategorileri, hizmet dağılımları ve hastanede kalış süresi (LOS) incelendi. Gruplar arasındaki farklılıklar Pearson χ² testi ve Cramér’s V ile, ayrıca Mann–Whitney U testi ve Cliff’s δ kullanılarak değerlendirildi; iki yönlü anlamlılık düzeyi α = 0,05 olarak kabul edildi.

Bulgular: Çalışma kohortunda kadınlar %55,4’lük (1.324 hastanın 734’ü) oran ile erkeklerden anlamlı düzeyde daha fazlaydı (beklenen %50’ye kıyasla, binom p < 0,001). Ortanca yaş kadınlarda 40 yıl [IQR: 26–53], erkeklerde ise 33 yıl [IQR: 25–47] idi (U = 188.543, p < 0,001). Yaş grubu dağılımları cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdi (χ²(7) = 30,43, p < 0,001; Cramér’s V = 0,15). Sekiz en sık tanı kategorisi içinde tanı profilleri de cinsiyetlere göre farklılık sergiledi (χ² = 125,47, p < 0,001; V = 0,31). En yaygın tanı kapalı koksiks kırıkları olup düşük enerjili mekanizmaların önemini ortaya koydu. Hizmet türleri arasında yaş anlamlı düzeyde farklıydı (Kruskal–Wallis H = 75,20, p < 0,001). Hastanede kalış süresi yoğun şekilde sıfır değerliydi; her iki cinsiyette de ortanca 0 gündü. Ancak erkeklerde kalış süresi marjinal düzeyde daha uzun bulundu (U = 222.006, p = 0,026; δ = 0,03) ve ≥1 gün yatış oranı daha yüksekti (%5,8’e karşı %3,3; χ² = 4,28, p = 0,039). Yıllık olgu sayıları homojen dağılmadı (χ² uyum iyiliği = 230,49, p < 0,001); özellikle 2020 yılında COVID-19 pandemisi ile çakışan belirgin bir düşüş gözlendi.

Sonuçlar: Pelvik kırıkların epidemiyolojisi, ileri yaş kadınlarda düşük enerjili kırıkların baskınlığı ve genç erkeklerde yüksek enerjili yaralanmalarla karakterize, yaş ve cinsiyete özgü farklı paternler sergilemektedir. Bu nedenle önleyici stratejiler hem yaşlılarda osteoporoz ve kırılganlığa bağlı düşmelere, hem de gençlerde yüksek enerjili travma mekanizmalarına odaklanmalıdır. Ayrıca COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında gözlenen olgu sayısındaki azalma, dışsal kesintilere etkili şekilde yanıt verebilecek esnek travma bakım planlamalarının gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırma, Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda bulunan üçüncü basamak bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde retrospektif kohort çalışması olarak yürütülmüş olup, çalışma dönemi 29 Nisan 2017 ile 29 Nisan 2022 tarihleri arasını kapsamaktadır. Etik onay, kurumun etik kurulundan alınmıştır (Onay Tarihi: 28.02.2025; Onay Numarası: 375).

References

  • McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and management of pelvic fractures. Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases, 68(4), 281.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21162706/
  • Durkin, A., Sagi, H. C., Durham, R., & Flint, L. (2006). Contemporary management of pelvic fractures. The American journal of surgery, 192(2), 211-223.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16860634/
  • Demetriades, D., Karaiskakis, M., Toutouzas, K., Alo, K., Velmahos, G., & Chan, L. (2002). Pelvic fractures: epidemiology and predictors of associated abdominal injuries and outcomes. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 195(1), 1-10.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12113532/
  • Gurevitz S, Bender B, Tytiun Y, et al. The role of pelvic fractures in the course of treatment and outcome of trauma patients. IMAJ 2005; 7: 623-626. Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16259339/
  • Pohlemann, T., Tscherne, H., Baumgärtel, F., Egbers, H. J., Euler, E., Maurer, F., ... & Weinberg, A. (1996). Pelvic fractures: epidemiology, therapy and long-term outcome. Overview of the multicenter study of the Pelvis Study Group. Der Unfallchirurg, 99(3), 160- 167. Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8685720/
  • Alvarez-Nebreda, M. L., Weaver, M. J., Uribe-Leitz, T., Heng, M., McTague, M. F., & Harris, M. B. (2023). Epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular fractures in the USA from 2007 to 2014. Osteoporosis International, 34(3), 527-537. Avalable from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36577845/
  • Villiger, K., Meier, M. K., Hasler, R. M., Bastian, J. D., Tannast, M., Exadaktylos, A. K., & Steppacher, S. D. (2022). Demographic changes in pelvic fracture patterns at a Swiss academic trauma center from 2007 to 2017. Journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 92(5), 862-872.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34554141/
  • Yoshihara, H., & Yoneoka, D. (2014). Demographic epidemiology of unstable pelvic fracture in the United States from 2000 to 2009: trends and in-hospital mortality. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 76(2), 380-385.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24398776/
  • Nanninga, G. L., de Leur, K., Panneman, M. J., van der Elst, M., & Hartholt, K. A. (2014). Increasing rates of pelvic fractures among older adults: The Netherlands, 1986–2011. Age and ageing, 43(5), 648-653.avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419459/
  • Kannus, P., Palvanen, M., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J., & Järvinen, M. (2000). Epidemiology of osteoporotic pelvic fractures in elderly people in Finland: sharp increase in 1970–1997 and alarming projections for the new millennium. Osteoporosis International, 11, 443-448.Avalable from : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10912847/

Retrospective Analysis of Pelvic Fractures Managed in the Emergency Department

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 1 - 9, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.55994/ejcc.1783663

Abstract

Background: Pelvic fractures occur as a result of high-energy trauma in young adults and as a result of fragile falls in older individuals. Understanding the age and sex-specific patterns, context, and causality of emergency department presentations can inform targeted prevention strategies and service planning.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of 1,324 patients presenting to the emergency department with pelvic fractures (ICD-10 codes S32 and T02.1) at a tertiary care center in southeastern Türkiye between April 29, 2017, and April 29, 2022. Demographic characteristics, diagnostic categories, service distribution, and length of hospital stay (LOS) were analyzed. Group differences were assessed using the Pearson χ² test with Cramér’s V and the Mann–Whitney U test with Cliff’s δ, with a two-sided significance level of α = 0.05.
Results: Among the study cohort, females accounted for 55.4% (734 of 1,324), a proportion significantly higher than the expected 50% (binomial p < 0.001). The median age was 40 years [IQR: 26–53] in females and 33 years [IQR: 25–47] in males (U = 188,543, p < 0.001). Age group distributions differed significantly by sex (χ²(7) = 30.43, p < 0.001; Cramér’s V = 0.15). Diagnostic profiles also varied by sex across the eight most frequent categories (χ² = 125.47, p < 0.001; V = 0.31), with closed coccyx fractures being the most common overall, highlighting the contribution of low-energy mechanisms. Age differed significantly across provision types (Kruskal–Wallis H = 75.20, p < 0.001). Length of stay was highly zero-inflated, with a median of 0 days in both sexes; however, males had marginally longer hospitalizations (U = 222,006, p = 0.026; δ = 0.03) and a higher proportion of admissions ≥1 day (5.8% vs 3.3%; χ² = 4.28, p = 0.039). Annual case counts were uneven (χ² goodness-of-fit = 230.49, p < 0.001), with a marked decline observed in 2020, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions: The epidemiology of pelvic fractures demonstrates distinct age- and sex-specific patterns, characterized by a predominance of low-energy fractures in older women and higher-energy injuries in younger men. Preventive strategies should therefore address both osteoporosis and fragility-related falls in the elderly as well as mechanisms of high-energy trauma in younger populations. Furthermore, the observed reduction in caseloads during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for adaptable trauma care planning that can respond effectively to external disruptions.

Ethical Statement

This research was conducted as a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-level training and research hospital in southeastern Türkiye, with the study period from April 29, 2017, to April 29, 2022. Ethical approval was obtained from the institutional ethics committee (Approval Date: 28.02.2025; Approval Number: 375).

References

  • McCormack, R., Strauss, E. J., Alwattar, B. J., & Tejwani, N. C. (2010). Diagnosis and management of pelvic fractures. Bulletin of the NYU hospital for joint diseases, 68(4), 281.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21162706/
  • Durkin, A., Sagi, H. C., Durham, R., & Flint, L. (2006). Contemporary management of pelvic fractures. The American journal of surgery, 192(2), 211-223.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16860634/
  • Demetriades, D., Karaiskakis, M., Toutouzas, K., Alo, K., Velmahos, G., & Chan, L. (2002). Pelvic fractures: epidemiology and predictors of associated abdominal injuries and outcomes. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 195(1), 1-10.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12113532/
  • Gurevitz S, Bender B, Tytiun Y, et al. The role of pelvic fractures in the course of treatment and outcome of trauma patients. IMAJ 2005; 7: 623-626. Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16259339/
  • Pohlemann, T., Tscherne, H., Baumgärtel, F., Egbers, H. J., Euler, E., Maurer, F., ... & Weinberg, A. (1996). Pelvic fractures: epidemiology, therapy and long-term outcome. Overview of the multicenter study of the Pelvis Study Group. Der Unfallchirurg, 99(3), 160- 167. Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8685720/
  • Alvarez-Nebreda, M. L., Weaver, M. J., Uribe-Leitz, T., Heng, M., McTague, M. F., & Harris, M. B. (2023). Epidemiology of pelvic and acetabular fractures in the USA from 2007 to 2014. Osteoporosis International, 34(3), 527-537. Avalable from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36577845/
  • Villiger, K., Meier, M. K., Hasler, R. M., Bastian, J. D., Tannast, M., Exadaktylos, A. K., & Steppacher, S. D. (2022). Demographic changes in pelvic fracture patterns at a Swiss academic trauma center from 2007 to 2017. Journal of trauma and acute care surgery, 92(5), 862-872.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34554141/
  • Yoshihara, H., & Yoneoka, D. (2014). Demographic epidemiology of unstable pelvic fracture in the United States from 2000 to 2009: trends and in-hospital mortality. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 76(2), 380-385.Avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24398776/
  • Nanninga, G. L., de Leur, K., Panneman, M. J., van der Elst, M., & Hartholt, K. A. (2014). Increasing rates of pelvic fractures among older adults: The Netherlands, 1986–2011. Age and ageing, 43(5), 648-653.avalable from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24419459/
  • Kannus, P., Palvanen, M., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J., & Järvinen, M. (2000). Epidemiology of osteoporotic pelvic fractures in elderly people in Finland: sharp increase in 1970–1997 and alarming projections for the new millennium. Osteoporosis International, 11, 443-448.Avalable from : https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10912847/
There are 10 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Emergency Medicine
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayhan Tabur 0000-0002-4743-766X

Alper Tabur 0009-0004-4173-9570

Submission Date September 14, 2025
Acceptance Date November 12, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Tabur A, Tabur A. Retrospective Analysis of Pelvic Fractures Managed in the Emergency Department. Eurasian j Crit Care. December 2025;7(3):1-9. doi:10.55994/ejcc.1783663