Investigation of the Relationship between Learning Process and Learning Outcomes in E-Learning Environments
Abstract
Problem Statement: Learners can access and participate in online learning
environments regardless of time and geographical barriers. This brings up the
umbrella concept of learner autonomy that contains self-directed learning,
self-regulated learning and the studying process. Motivation and learning
strategies are also part of this umbrella concept. Taking into consideration
learning processes and outcomes together, Biggs’ 3P model of learning is used as the theoretical framework. The
first P was defined as learning
presage and included learning inputs such as learner variables, prior
knowledge, learner readiness, personality, etc. The second P was considered the learning process, which covers learner
motivation and learning strategies. The last P was suggested as learning outcomes (product) which consist of the
results of formal and informal assessment, perceived learning, self-concept,
satisfaction, etc.
Purpose of Study: In this study, we especially considered the
learning process and the learning outcomes and investigated the effects of
learning process on learning outcomes. In addition, we took into consideration
the two dimensions of learning outcomes as a)
perceptions of learning, and b)
performances of learning, respectively. Also, we investigated the relationship
between learners’ perceptions of learning and performance of learning.
Methods: Relational scanning model was used based on the 3P model. Within the
Computer Networks and Communication Course, 68 students participated in the study.
Study Process Questionnaire, Online
Learning Perception Scale and performance test were used to identify student
learning processes and outcomes. Associations between these psycho-educational
constructs were examined through Structural Equation Model (SEM).
Findings and Results: According to SEM analysis, learners’
approaches to learning have a significant effect on their perception of
learning. Conversely, the effects of surface approaches on learners’ perception
of learning was not statistically significant (p>.05). Whereas deep strategy
approaches have significant effects on performance of learning, the
relationship between deep motivation and performance of learning was not
significant. Performance of learning was negatively affected by surface approaches
(p<.05). Interestingly, there was no significant relationship between
perceived and actual learning performance.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Results showed autonomous learners
(those with deep strategy and motivation) have better perceived learning
outcomes. However, having deep motivation and high perception of learning is
not necessarily correlated with high performance. This asserts that performance
in an online learning environment independent of learner’s motivation and
perception about learning. One possible reason is that assessment of perception
of learning is norm- referenced, while performance of learning is criterion
referenced.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
-
Journal Section
Research Article
Publication Date
April 15, 2015
Submission Date
April 15, 2015
Acceptance Date
-
Published in Issue
Year 2015 Volume: 15 Number: 59