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Narsisizm, Yaşam Doyumu ve Yaşam Uyumu: Öz-saygı ve Öz-anlayışın Aracı Rolü

Year 2019, , 159 - 178, 30.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8

Abstract

Problem Durumu: İnsanı anlama çabalarının en önemli odak noktalarından biri benlik kavramıdır. Kişinin kendisi hakkındaki bilgisi benlik kavramını oluştururken kişinin kendisi hakkında ne hissettiği öz-saygıyı ifade etmektedir. Ancak benliği olumlu algılamanın tek bir yolu yoktur. Literatürde kişinin kendisi hakkındaki duygusal değerlendirmeleri genellikle öz-saygı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yüksek öz-saygı ve narsisizm özelliklerine sahip insanlar kendilerini beğenmeleri ve sevmeleri gibi benlikleriyle ilgili olumlu algıları paylaşmaktadırlar. Narsistlerin son derece olumlu veya şişirilmiş bir benlik kavramına sahip olduğu söylenebilir. Bu araştırmada kullanılan narsistik hayranlık ve rekabet modeli büyüklenmeci narsisizmin birbiriyle pozitif ilişkili ancak birbirinden iki farklı boyutu açıklamaktadır. Benlik kavramıyla ilişkili olan bir diğer kavram ise öz-saygının alternatifi ve narsisizmin antidotu olarak ifade edilebilecek öz-anlayış kavramıdır. Öz-anlayış, öz-saygıda olduğu gibi benliğin değerlendirmesi yerine benliğin kendi içinde kabul edilmesi içeren bir yaklaşımdır. Öz-anlayış kendini kabul ve farkındalık içeren bir bakış açısını yansıtmaktadır. İyi oluşun ise insanın ulaşmak istediği en temel hedeflerden biri olduğu söylenebilir. Psikoloji araştırmalarında mutluluk genel olarak öznel iyi oluş kavramıyla ifade edilmektedir. Öznel iyi oluşun bilişsel boyutu olan yaşam doyumu kavramı kişinin yaşamdaki beklentilerin ne derece karşılandığını ifade etmektedir. Öte yandan mutluluğun bilişsel bileşeni her zaman yaşam doyumunu ifade etmeyebilir. Çünkü kültürlerarası çalışmalar mutluluğun anlamının kültürden kültüre farklılık gösterebileceğini ifade etmektedir. Bu bağlamda yaşam doyumu kavramının alternatifi olarak ifade edilebilecek olan yaşam uyumu kavramı içsel olarak hissedilen kendini kabul, iç barış ve denge hissini içermektedir. Araştırmalar benlik algılamanın ve iyi oluşun farklı yolları olduğunu göstermiştir. Araştırmada bu farklı yollar arasındaki ilişkilerin belirlenmesi kişilik dinamiklerinin anlaşılması açısından önemli bilgiler sağlayabilir.
Araştırmanın Amacı: Bu araştırmada benliğin farklı algılanma biçimleri olarak ifade edilebilecek olan narsisizm, öz-anlayış ve öz-saygı kavramları ile yaşamı farklı algılama biçimleri olarak ifade edilebilecek olan yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu kavramları arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Narsistik hayranlığın öz-saygı, yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu ile pozitif ilişkili olacağı, narsistik rekabetin ise öz-anlayış, yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu ile negatif ilişkili olacağı beklenmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı narsistik hayranlık ve narsistik rekabet ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide öz-saygı ve öz-anlayışın aracı rolünü incelemektedir.
Araştırmanın Yöntemi: Araştırmanın örneklemi 381 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcıların 310’u (%77,9) kadın, 71’i (%17,8) erkektir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalamaları 23,1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak Narsistik Hayranlık ve Rekabet Ölçeği (Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire), Öz-anlayış Ölçeği (Self-compassion Scale), Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği (Self-esteem Scale), Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği (Satisfaction with Life Scale), Yaşam Uyumu Ölçeği (Harmony in Life Scale) kullanılmıştır. Narsisizm, öz-anlayış ve öz-saygı ile yaşam doyumu ve yaşam uyumu arasındaki ilişkiler yapısal eşitlik modeli (structural equation modeling) ile incelenmiştir. Yapısal eşitlik modelinde değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri açıklayan model kurulmadan önce bütün değişkenlerin içinde olduğu ölçme modeli kurulmuştur. Ölçme modelinin iyi uyum verdiği görüldüğünde yapısal eşitlik modelinin test edilmesine geçilmiştir. YEM’de yer alan değişkenlere ait dolaylı etkilerin anlamlılığına desteklemek amacıyla %95 güven aralığı seçilerek 5000 yeniden örnekleme yoluyla Bootstrap Analizi uygulanmıştır.
Araştırmanın Bulguları: Yapısal eşitlik modeli narsistik hayranlık ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiye öz-saygının ve narsistik rekabet ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiye öz-anlayışın aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Bu çalışmada narsistik hayranlık ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide öz-saygının aracı rolü; narsistik rekabet ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide öz-anlayışın aracı rolü incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre beklendiği gibi narsistik hayranlık, öz-saygı, yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkilerde anlamlı düzeyde pozitif ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Ayrıca narsistik rekabet ile öz-anlayış, yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasında negatif yönde; öz-anlayış, yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkilerde pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Kurulan yapısal eşitlik modelinde narsistik hayranlık ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide öz-saygı; narsistik rekabet ile yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkide öz-anlayış aracı rol üstlenmektedir. Daha önceki çalışmalarda araştırma bulgularını destekleyecek bulgulara rastlanmıştır.
Araştırmanın Sonuçları ve Önerileri: Araştırma bulguları kişilik psikolojisi ve pozitif psikoloji bulguları bağlamında tartışılmıştır. Sonuçların narsisizmin, olumlu benlik algısının ve yaşamı algılama biçimlerinin ikişer yüzlü doğasının anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarından hareketle narsistik rekabetin yaşam uyumunu ve yaşam doyumunu üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için öz-anlayış düzeylerini arttıracak çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir. Narsistik hayranlığın yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumu üzerindeki olumlu etkisini dengelemek için ise öz-saygıyı geliştirici çalışmaların yapılması önerilmektedir. Bu bağlamda bulgulardan yola çıkarak narsisizmin olumsuz etkilerini azaltabilmeyi ve yaşam uyumu ve yaşam doyumunu arttırabilmeyi hedefleyen öz-anlayış ve öz-saygı özelliklerini geliştirmeye dayalı bireysel ve grupla psikolojik danışma uygulamaları düzenlenebilir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarının kişilik psikolojisi ve pozitif psikoloji literatürüne katkı sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

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Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion

Year 2019, , 159 - 178, 30.11.2019
https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the relationships between the two distinct faces of narcissism (admiration and rivalry), the two faces of self-perception (self-esteem and self-compassion) and the two faces of one’s evaluation of life (life satisfaction and harmony in life).
Research Methods: The sample of this study consists of university students (N = 381). In this study, Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire, Self-compassion Scale, Self-esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Life Harmony in Life Scale was employed as data collection tools. The relationship between variables was investigated using Structural Equation Modeling.
Results: The structural equation modeling used in this study revealed that self-esteem mediated the relationship between narcissistic admiration, harmony in life, and life satisfaction whereas self-compassion
mediated the link between narcissistic rivalry, harmony in life, and life satisfaction.
Implications for Research and Practice: Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that additional empirical and longitudinal studies should be conducted. as In this context, individual and group counseling practices aimed at developing self-compassion and self-esteem, increasing life harmony and life satisfaction can be organized.
Conclusion: In light of the results obtained in this study, we argue that high levels of narcissistic admiration accompanied by self-esteem may lead to increased harmony in life and life satisfaction. As narcissistic rivalry increases, self-compassion, harmony in life, and life satisfaction decrease. Lower self-compassion may explain the tendency of people higher in narcissistic rivalry to report less harmony in their life and lower life satisfaction.

References

  • Akca, E. (2014). Personality and cultural predictors of the Quiet Ego: Comparing Turkey and the United States (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Middle East Technical University, Ankara. Retrieved from http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12618059/index.pdf
  • Alicke, M. D., & Sedikides, C. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of self-enhancement and self-protection. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Back, M. D. (2018). The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept. In Hermann A., Brunell A., Foster J. (eds) Handbook of Trait Narcissism (pp. 57-67). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92171-6_6
  • Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. (2013). Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: Disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(6), 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0034431
  • Barnett, M. D., & Flores, J. (2016). Narcissus, exhausted: Self-compassion mediates the relationship between narcissism and school burnout. Personality and Individual Differences, 97, 102-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.026
  • Barry, C. T., Loflin, D. C., & Doucette, H. (2015). Adolescent self-compassion: Associations with narcissism, self-esteem, aggression, and internalizing symptoms in at-risk males. Personality and Individual Differences, 77, 118-123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.036
  • Bosson, J. K., & Weaver, J. R. (2011). "I love me some me": Examining the links between narcissism and self-esteem. In W. K. Campbell & J. D. Miller (Eds.), The handbook of narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder: Theoretical approaches, empirical findings, and treatments (pp. 261-271). Hoboken, NJ, US: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Bosson, J. K., Lakey, C. E., Campbell, W. K., Zeigler-Hill, V., Jordan, C. H., & Kernis, M. H. (2008). Untangling the links between narcissism and self-esteem: A theoretical and empirical review. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 1415–1439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2008.00089.x
  • Campbell, J. D., & Lavallee, L. F. (2013). Who am I? The role of self-concept confusion in understanding the behavior of people with low self-esteem. Baumeister, R. F. (Ed.). In Self-esteem (pp. 3-20). Springer Science & Business Media.
  • Campbell, W. K., Rudich, E., & Sedikides, C. (2002). Narcissism, self-esteem, and the positivity of self-views: Two portraits of self-love. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 358–368. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202286007
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There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section TS
Authors

İbrahim Demırcı

Halil Eksı

Fusun Eksı This is me

Publication Date November 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Demırcı, İ., Eksı, H., & Eksı, F. (2019). Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 19(84), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8
AMA Demırcı İ, Eksı H, Eksı F. Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. November 2019;19(84):159-178. doi:10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8
Chicago Demırcı, İbrahim, Halil Eksı, and Fusun Eksı. “Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19, no. 84 (November 2019): 159-78. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8.
EndNote Demırcı İ, Eksı H, Eksı F (November 1, 2019) Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19 84 159–178.
IEEE İ. Demırcı, H. Eksı, and F. Eksı, “Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 19, no. 84, pp. 159–178, 2019, doi: 10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8.
ISNAD Demırcı, İbrahim et al. “Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19/84 (November 2019), 159-178. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8.
JAMA Demırcı İ, Eksı H, Eksı F. Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2019;19:159–178.
MLA Demırcı, İbrahim et al. “Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 19, no. 84, 2019, pp. 159-78, doi:10.14689/ejer.2019.84.8.
Vancouver Demırcı İ, Eksı H, Eksı F. Narcissism, Life Satisfaction, and Harmony: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Self-Compassion. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2019;19(84):159-78.