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Psikolojik İyi Oluşun Yordayıcıları Olarak Şükran, Umut, İyimserlik ve Yaşam Doyumu

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 82, 81 - 100, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Problem Durumu: 19. yüzyılın sonlarında
başlayıp İkinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar devam eden süreçte, psikoloji alanında
genel anlamda hayatın negatif yönlerine odaklanan, sorunları teşhis ve tedaviye
yoğunlaşan ve bireylerin güçlü yönleri yerine sorunlu yönlerine odaklanan bir
yaklaşımın egemen olduğu görülmektedir. Özellikle İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan
sonra savaşın etkisi, hümanizm anlayışının yaygınlaşması, hayatın pozitif
yönlerini kucaklamaya yönelik ihtiyaç psikolojide hakim paradigmada
farklılaşmalara neden olmuştur. Bu çerçevede Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow gibi
öncülerin çalışmalarının etkisiyle insanların güçlü yönlerine olan vurgu
artmaya başlamıştır. Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımı patoloji (hastalık) odaklı bu
bakış açısına önemli eleştiriler getirmiş ve psikolojinin hayatın pozitif
yönlerini kucaklaması gerektiğini ve bireylerin güçlü yönlerine odaklanarak
onların iyi oluşlarını arttırmayı hedeflemesi gerektiğini ileri sürmüştür. Bu
çerçevede ortaya çıkan ortaya çıkan çalışmalar 2000’li yılların başında Pozitif
Psikoloji alanının sistematik olarak ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır.
Pozitif psikoloji yaklaşımının yaygınlaşmasıyla birlikte mutluluk, iyi oluş,
yaşam doyumu gibi konular sıkılıkla araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda
bireylerin yaşam doyumlarını ve iyi oluş düzeylerini yordayan değişkenlerin
ortaya konulması ve bu değişkenlere ilişkin çeşitli kuramsal ve uygulamalı
çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesi önem kazanmıştır. Bu bağlamda şükran, umut,
iyimserlik ve yaşam doyumu değişkenlerinin birbirileriyle olan ilişkilerinin
ortaya konulması ve bu değişkenlerin iyi oluşu yordama düzeylerinin ortaya
konulmasının yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

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Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 82, 81 - 100, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Purpose: The
mainstream psychology has mostly focused on the negative factors that threaten
human mental health. With the emergence of positive psychology approach, the
human strengths have started to be studied and the number of studies on the
issue of happiness and well-being has increased. The aim of this research is to
reveal the level of prediction for psychological well-being by the variables of
gratitude, hope, optimism and life satisfaction.

Method: Research sample consisted of 510 students from various faculties
and departments of four different universities. The study group consisted of
359 female (70.4%) and 151 male (29.6%) university students. The age range of
participants varied between 17 and 30. 

Findings: All the variables discussed in the study were positively related to each
other, and the variables of gratitude, optimism, hope, and life satisfaction
all together accounted for about 51% of the variance of psychological
well-being. Gratitude was determined as the most predictive variable for
well-being and it was followed by the variables; hope, optimism, and life
satisfaction, respectively. Accordingly; gratitude predicted 35.4% of the variance
in well-being alone; gratitude and hope predicted 45.4% together; gratitude,
hope, and optimism predicted 48.8% together; while gratitude, hope, optimism,
and life satisfaction predicted 50.7% percent altogether.

Implications for Research
and Practice
: These findings are thought to
be important in terms of revealing variables that predict well-being with a
high level of variance. It is thought that these findings can be used in the
field of mental health especially by the researchers and practitioners using
intervention studies. Especially, since the gratitude level accounts for 35.4%
of the variance in well-being alone, gratitude interventions can effectively be
used to improve well-being level.




References

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  • Atik, G.,& Atik, Z. E. (2017). Predicting hope levels of high school students: The role of academic self-efficacy and problem-solving. Education and Science, 42(190), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2017.5348
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  • Chan, D. W. (2013). Subjective well-being of Hong Kong Chinese teachers: The contribution of gratitude, forgiveness, and the orientations to happiness. Teaching and Teacher Education, 32, 22-30. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0742051X12001837
  • Chang, E. C.,&Sanna, L. J. (2001). Optimism, pessimism, and positive and negative affectivity in middle-aged adults: A test of a cognitive-affective model of psychological adjustment. Psychology and Aging, 16(3), 524-531. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.16.3.524
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  • Emmons, R. A., &McCullough, M. E. (2003). Counting blessings versus burdens: An experimental investigation of gratitude and subjective well-being in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 377–389.
  • Eryilmaz, A., & Atak, H. (2001). The Relationships between adolescent subjective wellbeing, self-esteem and optimism. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 10(37), 170-181. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/esosder/issue/6151/82621
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  • Guse, T.,&Shaw, M. (2018). Hope, Meaning in Life and Well-Being Among a Group of Young Adults. In Hopefor a Good Life (pp. 63-77). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78470-0_3
  • Gündoğdu, R., &Yavuzer, Y. (2012). Eğitim fakültesi öğrencilerinin öznel iyi oluş ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının demografik değişkenlere göre incelenmesi [Examining subjective well-being and psychological needs of students at the educational faculty according to demographic variables]. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(23), 115 – 131. Retrieved from http://acikerisim.aksaray.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12451/1085
  • Hefferon, K.,&Boniwell, I. (2011). Positivepsychology: Theory, researchandapplications. McGraw-HillEducation.
  • Ilhan, T., & Ozbay, Y. (2016). Yaşam amaclarinin ve psikolojik ihtiyac doyumunun oznel iyi olus uzerindeki yordayici rolu [The Predictive role of life goals and psychological need satisfaction on subjective well-being]. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(34), 109-118. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=12eef767-91e1-4a49-be01-e4ffbee235d7%40sdc-v-sessmgr02
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  • Kardas, F. (2017). Universite ogrencilerinde bir model sinamasi: pozitif duyguların ve kisisel kaynaklarin etkilesimi [Testing a model on thecollege students: interaction of positive feelings and personal resources]. (Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation). Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Kardas, F., & Yalcin, İ. (2018). Sukran: Ruh Sağliği Alaninda Guncel Bir Kavram. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklasimlar - CurrentApproaches in Psychiatry, 10(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.334494
  • Kardas, F., & Yalcin, İ. (2019). Sükran olcegi: Gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismasi (Gratitude scale: Validity and reliability study). Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. 18(69): 13-31. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.406306
  • Kucuksille, E. (2010). SPSS uygulamaları, cok degiskenli istatistik teknikleri [SPSS applications and multivariate statistical techniques]. (In: Ş. Kalaycı (ed). Ankara: AsilYayınDağıtım.
  • Lin, C. C. (2015). Gratitude and depression in young adults: The mediating role of self-esteem and well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 87, 30-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.07.017
  • Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting life you want. New York: The Penguin Press.
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There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ferhat Kardas

Zekeriya Cam

Mustafa Eskısu

Sedat Gelıbolu

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 19 Issue: 82

Cite

APA Kardas, F., Cam, Z., Eskısu, M., Gelıbolu, S. (2019). Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 19(82), 81-100.
AMA Kardas F, Cam Z, Eskısu M, Gelıbolu S. Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. July 2019;19(82):81-100.
Chicago Kardas, Ferhat, Zekeriya Cam, Mustafa Eskısu, and Sedat Gelıbolu. “Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19, no. 82 (July 2019): 81-100.
EndNote Kardas F, Cam Z, Eskısu M, Gelıbolu S (July 1, 2019) Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19 82 81–100.
IEEE F. Kardas, Z. Cam, M. Eskısu, and S. Gelıbolu, “Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being”, Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 19, no. 82, pp. 81–100, 2019.
ISNAD Kardas, Ferhat et al. “Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 19/82 (July 2019), 81-100.
JAMA Kardas F, Cam Z, Eskısu M, Gelıbolu S. Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2019;19:81–100.
MLA Kardas, Ferhat et al. “Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction As Predictors of Psychological Well-Being”. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, vol. 19, no. 82, 2019, pp. 81-100.
Vancouver Kardas F, Cam Z, Eskısu M, Gelıbolu S. Gratitude, Hope, Optimism and Life Satisfaction as Predictors of Psychological Well-Being. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research. 2019;19(82):81-100.