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A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPER CHAT MESSAGES IN LIVE STREAM ON YOUTUBE FOOTBALL CHANNELS

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 325 - 346, 27.09.2025

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the interaction dynamics between fans and channels by analyzing Super Chat messages in live streams on YouTube football channels using the content analysis method. The data consists of Super Chat messages collected over a specific period and was analyzed using MAXQDA software. The findings indicate that viewers' messages are concentrated around various themes. The main themes identified through the analyses are as follows: questions for broadcasters (27.6%), criticism of the rival team/management (18.7%), support for broadcasters (17.3%), transfer suggestions (9.5%), criticism of club management/technical staff/players (9.5%), criticism of the Turkish Football Federation (7.5%), support for club management/team (7.1%), and criticism of referees (2.7%). These themes reflect viewers' motivations to support broadcasters, provide criticism, and engage with various football-related topics through the use of Super Chat. This study offers significant insights into the dynamics of how fans engage with digital platforms through paid interaction models.

References

  • Aguiar-Noury, A., & Garcia-del-Barrio, P. (2022). Performance and revenues in European football: Clubs’ media visibility and brand value. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 29(3), 241–269.
  • Annamalai, B., Yoshida, M., Varshney, S., Pathak, A. A., & Venugopal, P. (2021). Social media content strategy for sport clubs to drive fan engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62, 102648.
  • Athalarik, F. M. (2024). The phenomenon of citizen journalism in national football in Liga 1 competition. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 5(3), 570–588.
  • Aziz, A. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Balzano, M., & Bortoluzzi, G. (2023). The digital transformation of soccer clubs and their business models. Impresa Progetto, 1–20.
  • Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Konya: Eğitim Yayinevi.
  • Borges, F. V. (2018). Always together: How football clubs want constant connections with fans. Athens Journal of Sports, 5(4), 263–278.
  • Byun, T. H. (2018). Analyzes the characteristics in the contents production and usage environment of YouTube and its popular channels and examination of its implications. The Treatise on The Plastic Media, 21(4), 227–239.
  • Cao, Y., & Matsuoka, H. (2024). Consumer engagement on social media in the sport context: a scoping review. Leisure Studies, 1–28.
  • Diel, S., Ifland, S., Wytopil, F., & Buck, C. (2021). How digital technologies transform football - A structured literature review. 7–12. https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2021/81
  • Dugalić, S. (2018). Sport, media and digitalization. Sport, Science & Practice, 8(1), 56–69.
  • Escamilla-Fajardo, P., Núñez-Pomar, J. M., Ratten, V., & Crespo, J. (2020). Entrepreneurship and innovation in soccer: Web of science bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 12(11), 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114499
  • Falaakh, M. F., & Cahyono, S. (2023). Attitude apprasial of virtual YouTuber viewers interaction in the Super Chat: An SFL perspective. Undergraduate Conference on Language, Literature, and Culture, 3(1), 283–292.
  • Faria, S., Sousa Pereira, M., Ferreira, P., & Rodrigues, P. (2022). Understanding the effect of social media marketing activities on football fans’ satisfaction and engagement: A study of Portuguese 2nd League professional football clubs. IBIMA Business Review, 448483.
  • Giertz, J. N., Weiger, W. H., Törhönen, M., & Hamari, J. (2022). Content versus community focus in live streaming services: how to drive engagement in synchronous social media. Journal of Service Management, 33(1), 33–58.
  • Guzmán, E. M., Zhang, Z., & Ahmed, W. (2021). Towards understanding a football club’s social media network: An exploratory case study of Manchester United. Information Discovery and Delivery, 49(1), 71–83.
  • Hajli, N. (2025). Exploring fan engagement and value co-creation in virtual sport communities: A comparative study of virtual sport communities over time. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 212, 123934.
  • Jones, I. (2000). A model of serious leisure identification: the case of football fandom. Leisure Studies, 19(4), 283–298.
  • Kantürk, K., & Turaç, G. (2024). Transition from conventional media To new media in the context of sports broadcasting: Sports Digitale Youtube channel example. Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 78.
  • Kim, J., & Kim, K. (2021). Determinants of Consumption for YouTube Sport Contents: A Big Data Analysis using Multi-level Regression. Korean Journal of Sport Management, 26(3), 28–51.
  • Kısaoğlu, Ö. (2024). Yeni medya olanaklarıyla değişen yayıncılık biçimleri ve YouTube’da spor yayıncılığı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(46), 411–427.
  • Krzyżowski, F., & Strzelecki, A. (2023). Creating a fan bond with a football club on social media: a case of Polish fans. Soccer & Society, 24(5), 668–681.
  • Küster-Boluda, I., Ruiz-Mafé, C., & Orozco-Grover, G. (2024). Sports brand love 2.0 in the context of football teams. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1–18.
  • Kyrlyova, O., Krupskyi, O. P., & Bakhmetieva, A. (2022). Transforming Lasswell ́s linear model in the digital football discourse: The level of Youtube communication. 1(52), 1–19.
  • Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 361–380.
  • Lawrence, S., & Crawford, G. (2022). Towards a digital football studies: Current trends and future directions for football cultures research in the post-Covid-19 moment. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 56–69.
  • Lee, C. W. (2022). Watching the FIFA World Cup under cosmopolitanisation: how football fans in Hong Kong followed the 2018 World Cup. Leisure Studies, 41(4), 587–600.
  • Lin, H. (2024). ‘Let’s purchase coloured live chat messages’: the impact of user engagement with Super Chat on YouTube. Information, Communication & Society, 1–19.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The television will be revolutionized. New York University Press.
  • Majewska, A., & Majewska, A. (2022). Are social media matter for the football club finance? Procedia Computer Science, 207, 2068–2076.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • McCarthy, J., Rowley, J., & Keegan, B. J. (2022). Social media marketing strategy in English football clubs. Soccer & Society, 23(4–5), 513–528.
  • McManus, J. (2018). Modern Enchantments: Media, Fandom and Distraction Amongst Diaspora Turkish Football Supporters. Ethnos, 83(4), 762–781.
  • Öner, İ., Karataş, Ö., & Öztürk Karataş, E. (2024). Dijital gelir modellerinin futbol kulüplerine ekonomik etkisi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(14), 137–148.
  • Özmen, K. (2022). Gazeteciliğin değişimi ve Youtube’daki temsili. Medya ve Kültür, 2(1), 10–27.
  • Pookpanich, P., & Siriborvornratanakul, T. (2024). Offensive language and hate speech detection using deep learning in football news live streaming chat on YouTube in Thailand. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 18.
  • Rodríguez Ortega, V. (2019). Online soccer fandom: From social networking to gaming. Sport in Society, 22(12), 2104–2121.
  • Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Vale, L., & Fernandes, T. (2018). Social media and sports: driving fan engagement with football clubs on Facebook. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 26(1), 37–55.
  • Wann, D. L., & James, J. D. (2018). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of fandom. Routledge.
  • YouTube 343 Digital. (2025). TFF'de çok ilginç olaylar yaşanıyor | Serhat Akın geri döndü | Sergen Yalçın kırdı geçirdi | Salvo, Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhWDJnnNwL0&t=4s
  • YouTube Eski Açık. (2025). İlk hedef olmalı | Hatayspor vs Galatasaray Maç Önü, Igor Jesus, Diego Carlos, Elye Wahi, Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzCS3V7VViI&t=7109s
  • Zappin, A., Malik, H., Shakshuki, E. M., & Dampier, D. A. (2022). YouTube monetization and censorship by proxy: A machine learning prospective. Procedia Computer Science, 198, 23–32.
  • Zinderen, İ. E. (2020). Yeni medya ekolojisi ekseninde YouTube: Türkiye örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 215–232.

A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPER CHAT MESSAGES IN LIVE STREAM ON YOUTUBE FOOTBALL CHANNELS

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 325 - 346, 27.09.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışma, YouTube futbol kanallarındaki canlı yayınlarda Süper Chat mesajlarını içerik analizi yöntemiyle inceleyerek, taraftarlar ile yayıncı kanallar arasındaki etkileşim dinamiklerini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın verisi, belirli bir zaman aralığında toplanan Süper Chat mesajlarından oluşmakta olup, MAXQDA yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular, izleyici mesajlarının çeşitli temalar etrafında yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. Analizler sonucunda elde edilen başlıca temalar şunlardır: yayıncılara yöneltilen sorular (%27,6), rakip takım/yönetim eleştirisi (%18,7), yayıncılara destek ifadeleri (%17,3), transfer önerileri (%9,5), kulüp yönetimi/teknik ekip/oyunculara yönelik eleştiriler (%9,5), Türkiye Futbol Federasyonu eleştirisi (%7,5), kulüp yönetimi/takıma destek mesajları (%7,1) ve hakem eleştirileri (%2,7). Bu temalar, izleyicilerin yayıncılara destek verme, eleştiride bulunma ve futbol bağlamındaki çeşitli konulara katılım sağlama motivasyonlarını yansıtmaktadır. Çalışma, taraftarların dijital platformlarla ücretli etkileşim modelleri aracılığıyla nasıl ilişki kurduklarına dair önemli bir bakış sunmaktadır.

References

  • Aguiar-Noury, A., & Garcia-del-Barrio, P. (2022). Performance and revenues in European football: Clubs’ media visibility and brand value. International Journal of the Economics of Business, 29(3), 241–269.
  • Annamalai, B., Yoshida, M., Varshney, S., Pathak, A. A., & Venugopal, P. (2021). Social media content strategy for sport clubs to drive fan engagement. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62, 102648.
  • Athalarik, F. M. (2024). The phenomenon of citizen journalism in national football in Liga 1 competition. Jurnal Indonesia Sosial Sains, 5(3), 570–588.
  • Aziz, A. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Balzano, M., & Bortoluzzi, G. (2023). The digital transformation of soccer clubs and their business models. Impresa Progetto, 1–20.
  • Berg, B. L., & Lune, H. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Konya: Eğitim Yayinevi.
  • Borges, F. V. (2018). Always together: How football clubs want constant connections with fans. Athens Journal of Sports, 5(4), 263–278.
  • Byun, T. H. (2018). Analyzes the characteristics in the contents production and usage environment of YouTube and its popular channels and examination of its implications. The Treatise on The Plastic Media, 21(4), 227–239.
  • Cao, Y., & Matsuoka, H. (2024). Consumer engagement on social media in the sport context: a scoping review. Leisure Studies, 1–28.
  • Diel, S., Ifland, S., Wytopil, F., & Buck, C. (2021). How digital technologies transform football - A structured literature review. 7–12. https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2021/81
  • Dugalić, S. (2018). Sport, media and digitalization. Sport, Science & Practice, 8(1), 56–69.
  • Escamilla-Fajardo, P., Núñez-Pomar, J. M., Ratten, V., & Crespo, J. (2020). Entrepreneurship and innovation in soccer: Web of science bibliometric analysis. Sustainability, 12(11), 4499. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114499
  • Falaakh, M. F., & Cahyono, S. (2023). Attitude apprasial of virtual YouTuber viewers interaction in the Super Chat: An SFL perspective. Undergraduate Conference on Language, Literature, and Culture, 3(1), 283–292.
  • Faria, S., Sousa Pereira, M., Ferreira, P., & Rodrigues, P. (2022). Understanding the effect of social media marketing activities on football fans’ satisfaction and engagement: A study of Portuguese 2nd League professional football clubs. IBIMA Business Review, 448483.
  • Giertz, J. N., Weiger, W. H., Törhönen, M., & Hamari, J. (2022). Content versus community focus in live streaming services: how to drive engagement in synchronous social media. Journal of Service Management, 33(1), 33–58.
  • Guzmán, E. M., Zhang, Z., & Ahmed, W. (2021). Towards understanding a football club’s social media network: An exploratory case study of Manchester United. Information Discovery and Delivery, 49(1), 71–83.
  • Hajli, N. (2025). Exploring fan engagement and value co-creation in virtual sport communities: A comparative study of virtual sport communities over time. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 212, 123934.
  • Jones, I. (2000). A model of serious leisure identification: the case of football fandom. Leisure Studies, 19(4), 283–298.
  • Kantürk, K., & Turaç, G. (2024). Transition from conventional media To new media in the context of sports broadcasting: Sports Digitale Youtube channel example. Yalova Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 78.
  • Kim, J., & Kim, K. (2021). Determinants of Consumption for YouTube Sport Contents: A Big Data Analysis using Multi-level Regression. Korean Journal of Sport Management, 26(3), 28–51.
  • Kısaoğlu, Ö. (2024). Yeni medya olanaklarıyla değişen yayıncılık biçimleri ve YouTube’da spor yayıncılığı. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(46), 411–427.
  • Krzyżowski, F., & Strzelecki, A. (2023). Creating a fan bond with a football club on social media: a case of Polish fans. Soccer & Society, 24(5), 668–681.
  • Küster-Boluda, I., Ruiz-Mafé, C., & Orozco-Grover, G. (2024). Sports brand love 2.0 in the context of football teams. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1–18.
  • Kyrlyova, O., Krupskyi, O. P., & Bakhmetieva, A. (2022). Transforming Lasswell ́s linear model in the digital football discourse: The level of Youtube communication. 1(52), 1–19.
  • Lange, P. G. (2007). Publicly private and privately public: Social networking on YouTube. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 361–380.
  • Lawrence, S., & Crawford, G. (2022). Towards a digital football studies: Current trends and future directions for football cultures research in the post-Covid-19 moment. Leisure Studies, 41(1), 56–69.
  • Lee, C. W. (2022). Watching the FIFA World Cup under cosmopolitanisation: how football fans in Hong Kong followed the 2018 World Cup. Leisure Studies, 41(4), 587–600.
  • Lin, H. (2024). ‘Let’s purchase coloured live chat messages’: the impact of user engagement with Super Chat on YouTube. Information, Communication & Society, 1–19.
  • Lotz, A. D. (2014). The television will be revolutionized. New York University Press.
  • Majewska, A., & Majewska, A. (2022). Are social media matter for the football club finance? Procedia Computer Science, 207, 2068–2076.
  • Merriam, S. B. (2018). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • McCarthy, J., Rowley, J., & Keegan, B. J. (2022). Social media marketing strategy in English football clubs. Soccer & Society, 23(4–5), 513–528.
  • McManus, J. (2018). Modern Enchantments: Media, Fandom and Distraction Amongst Diaspora Turkish Football Supporters. Ethnos, 83(4), 762–781.
  • Öner, İ., Karataş, Ö., & Öztürk Karataş, E. (2024). Dijital gelir modellerinin futbol kulüplerine ekonomik etkisi. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(14), 137–148.
  • Özmen, K. (2022). Gazeteciliğin değişimi ve Youtube’daki temsili. Medya ve Kültür, 2(1), 10–27.
  • Pookpanich, P., & Siriborvornratanakul, T. (2024). Offensive language and hate speech detection using deep learning in football news live streaming chat on YouTube in Thailand. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 14(1), 18.
  • Rodríguez Ortega, V. (2019). Online soccer fandom: From social networking to gaming. Sport in Society, 22(12), 2104–2121.
  • Seggie, F. N., & Bayyurt, Y. (2017). Nitel araştırma yöntem, teknik, analiz ve yaklaşımları. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Vale, L., & Fernandes, T. (2018). Social media and sports: driving fan engagement with football clubs on Facebook. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 26(1), 37–55.
  • Wann, D. L., & James, J. D. (2018). Sport fans: The psychology and social impact of fandom. Routledge.
  • YouTube 343 Digital. (2025). TFF'de çok ilginç olaylar yaşanıyor | Serhat Akın geri döndü | Sergen Yalçın kırdı geçirdi | Salvo, Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vhWDJnnNwL0&t=4s
  • YouTube Eski Açık. (2025). İlk hedef olmalı | Hatayspor vs Galatasaray Maç Önü, Igor Jesus, Diego Carlos, Elye Wahi, Retrieved January 16, 2025, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzCS3V7VViI&t=7109s
  • Zappin, A., Malik, H., Shakshuki, E. M., & Dampier, D. A. (2022). YouTube monetization and censorship by proxy: A machine learning prospective. Procedia Computer Science, 198, 23–32.
  • Zinderen, İ. E. (2020). Yeni medya ekolojisi ekseninde YouTube: Türkiye örneği. Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 215–232.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects New Media
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Burak İli 0000-0003-2816-101X

Publication Date September 27, 2025
Submission Date May 27, 2025
Acceptance Date July 1, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İli, B. (2025). A QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SUPER CHAT MESSAGES IN LIVE STREAM ON YOUTUBE FOOTBALL CHANNELS. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergisi, 9(3), 325-346.