Trafo Merkezleri İçin Nesnelerin İnterneti Tabanlı Kontrol Sistemi Tasarımı Ve Uygulaması

Öz

Elektrik enerjisinin ev ve işyerleri gibi alanlar için uygun gerilim seviyesine dönüştürülmesi trafo merkezleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Trafo merkezleri ile önemli bir miktarda enerji iletimi yapılmaktadır. Günümüzde neredeyse tüm kamu ve özel kurum ve kuruluşlara ait kritik altyapılar bu elektrik iletimine bağlı olarak çalışmaktadır. Hastaneler, sanayi kuruluşları, nükleer ve diğer santraller, bankalar, askeri birimler vs. gibi birçok alandaki bu kritik altyapıda oluşabilecek sıkıntılar hayati veya maddi problemlere yol açacaktır. Bu nedenle bu merkezlerde meydana gelen bir arızanın hızlı bir şekilde tespit edilmesi, ilgili kişilere bildirilmesi ve arıza türüne göre doğru müdahalenin yapılması hayati ve maddi kayıpların önüne geçecektir. Trafo merkezi kontrolünde uzun süre kullanılan SCADA sistemleri güvenli bir seçenek olmasının yanı sıra pahalı bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Nesnelerin interneti teknolojisinin gelişmesi ile birlikte bu soruna etkin ve daha az maliyetli çözümler üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu makalede trafo merkezlerinin uzaktan izlenmesini ve kontrol edilmesini sağlamak amacıyla nesnelerin interneti ve gerçek zamanlı işletim sistemi teknolojilerini kullanan alternatif bir çözüm önerisi sunulmaktadır. Önerilen sistem, ESP32 geliştirme kiti ile Blynk uygulaması üzerinden izleme ve kontrol yapılmasını sağlamaktadır. Tasarlanan sistem sayesinde yüksek gerilim durumlarına, yağ seviyesi arızası, yüksek sıcaklık ve aşırı yük veya akım gibi problemlere gerçek zamanlı müdahale edilebilmektedir. Daha önce kullanılan sistemlerde bulunan özelliklerin yanı sıra gerçek zamanlı işletim sisteminin kullanılması, öncelik mekanizması, redresör grubu takibi, Bluetooth gibi farklı haberleşme teknolojilerin eklenmesi ve özellikle maliyet etkin bir çözüm önerisi olması sistemin öne çıkan özellikleri olarak sunulmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra önerilen sistemin, nesnelerin interneti teknolojisinin uygulama alanlarından biri olan akıllı şehirlerde kullanılan akıllı lambalar ile entegre bir senaryo ile de modellemesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Nesnelerin İnterneti
• Gerçek Zamanlı İşletim Sistemi
• Trafo
• İzleme

Design And Implementation Of The Internet Of Things Based Control System For Transformer Centers

Abstract

The substations provide conversion of electrical energy to the appropriate voltage level for homes and workplaces. A significant amount of energy is transmitted through these substations. Today, critical infrastructures of almost all public and private institutions and organizations operate depending on this electricity transmission. Problems in this critical infrastructure in many areas such as hospitals, industrial establishments, nuclear and other power plants, banks, military, etc., will lead to vital or financial problems. For this reason, rapid detection of a malfunction in these centers, notifying the relevant persons, and making the proper intervention according to the type of malfunction will prevent vital or financial losses. SCADA systems have been used for a long time in substation control, offer an expensive solution, and be a safe option. Effective and less costly solutions have begun to be produced with the development of the internet of things. This article presents a solution proposal that uses the internet of things and real-time operating system technologies to enable remote monitoring and control substations. The proposed system provides monitoring and control over the Blynk application with the ESP32 development kit. The designed system can be intervened in real-time problems such as high voltage situations, oil level failure, high temperature, and overload or current. In addition to the features found in previously used systems, the addition of different communication technologies such as Bluetooth, using of real-time operating system, priority mechanism, battery monitoring, and especially a cost-effective solution offer is presented as the outstanding features of the system. In addition, the proposed system has been modeled with an integrated scenario with smart lamps used in smart cities, which is one of the application areas of the internet of things technology.

Keywords

• Internet of Things
• Real-Time Operating System
• Substation
• Monitoring

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