Trafo Merkezleri İçin Nesnelerin İnterneti Tabanlı Kontrol Sistemi Tasarımı Ve Uygulaması

Yıl 2021, , 30 - 35, 01.12.2021

Sercan Aygün , Abdullah Sevin

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1010748

Öz

Elektrik enerjisinin ev ve işyerleri gibi alanlar için uygun gerilim seviyesine dönüştürülmesi trafo merkezleri tarafından sağlanmaktadır. Trafo merkezleri ile önemli bir miktarda enerji iletimi yapılmaktadır. Günümüzde neredeyse tüm kamu ve özel kurum ve kuruluşlara ait kritik altyapılar bu elektrik iletimine bağlı olarak çalışmaktadır. Hastaneler, sanayi kuruluşları, nükleer ve diğer santraller, bankalar, askeri birimler vs. gibi birçok alandaki bu kritik altyapıda oluşabilecek sıkıntılar hayati veya maddi problemlere yol açacaktır. Bu nedenle bu merkezlerde meydana gelen bir arızanın hızlı bir şekilde tespit edilmesi, ilgili kişilere bildirilmesi ve arıza türüne göre doğru müdahalenin yapılması hayati ve maddi kayıpların önüne geçecektir. Trafo merkezi kontrolünde uzun süre kullanılan SCADA sistemleri güvenli bir seçenek olmasının yanı sıra pahalı bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Nesnelerin interneti teknolojisinin gelişmesi ile birlikte bu soruna etkin ve daha az maliyetli çözümler üretilmeye başlanmıştır. Bu makalede trafo merkezlerinin uzaktan izlenmesini ve kontrol edilmesini sağlamak amacıyla nesnelerin interneti ve gerçek zamanlı işletim sistemi teknolojilerini kullanan alternatif bir çözüm önerisi sunulmaktadır. Önerilen sistem, ESP32 geliştirme kiti ile Blynk uygulaması üzerinden izleme ve kontrol yapılmasını sağlamaktadır. Tasarlanan sistem sayesinde yüksek gerilim durumlarına, yağ seviyesi arızası, yüksek sıcaklık ve aşırı yük veya akım gibi problemlere gerçek zamanlı müdahale edilebilmektedir. Daha önce kullanılan sistemlerde bulunan özelliklerin yanı sıra gerçek zamanlı işletim sisteminin kullanılması, öncelik mekanizması, redresör grubu takibi, Bluetooth gibi farklı haberleşme teknolojilerin eklenmesi ve özellikle maliyet etkin bir çözüm önerisi olması sistemin öne çıkan özellikleri olarak sunulmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra önerilen sistemin, nesnelerin interneti teknolojisinin uygulama alanlarından biri olan akıllı şehirlerde kullanılan akıllı lambalar ile entegre bir senaryo ile de modellemesi yapılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nesnelerin İnterneti, Gerçek Zamanlı İşletim Sistemi, Trafo, İzleme

Design And Implementation Of The Internet Of Things Based Control System For Transformer Centers

Öz

The substations provide conversion of electrical energy to the appropriate voltage level for homes and workplaces. A significant amount of energy is transmitted through these substations. Today, critical infrastructures of almost all public and private institutions and organizations operate depending on this electricity transmission. Problems in this critical infrastructure in many areas such as hospitals, industrial establishments, nuclear and other power plants, banks, military, etc., will lead to vital or financial problems. For this reason, rapid detection of a malfunction in these centers, notifying the relevant persons, and making the proper intervention according to the type of malfunction will prevent vital or financial losses. SCADA systems have been used for a long time in substation control, offer an expensive solution, and be a safe option. Effective and less costly solutions have begun to be produced with the development of the internet of things. This article presents a solution proposal that uses the internet of things and real-time operating system technologies to enable remote monitoring and control substations. The proposed system provides monitoring and control over the Blynk application with the ESP32 development kit. The designed system can be intervened in real-time problems such as high voltage situations, oil level failure, high temperature, and overload or current. In addition to the features found in previously used systems, the addition of different communication technologies such as Bluetooth, using of real-time operating system, priority mechanism, battery monitoring, and especially a cost-effective solution offer is presented as the outstanding features of the system. In addition, the proposed system has been modeled with an integrated scenario with smart lamps used in smart cities, which is one of the application areas of the internet of things technology.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Internet of Things, Real-Time Operating System, Substation, Monitoring

Kaynakça

• A H. Mohamad, A., S. Mezaal, Y., & F. Abdulkareem, S. (2018). Computerized power transformer monitoring based on internet of things. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4), 2773.
• Cheng, X., & Wang, Y. (2011). The remote monitoring system of transformer fault based on The internet of Things. Proceedings of 2011 International Conference on Computer Science and Network Technology, 1, 84-87.
• Dimpal, M. P., Mayank, P., Pratik, G., Pramod, K., & Kshitija, D. (2020). Monıtorıng And Controllıng Of Transformer Usıng IoT. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education (IJARIIE), 6(5).
• Duttachowdhury, D., Patil, V., Parab, A., Patel, R., & Nikum, K. Transformer Monitoring and Control Using IoT. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSR-JEN) vol. 10, 40-43
• Emi, P., Sivasankari, R., Kumar, P., Prabha, R., Jayageetha, J., & Karhikeyan, A. (2019). Fault Detection in Transformer Using GSM Technology. 868-873.
• Hasan, W. K. A., Alraddad, A., Ashour, A., Ran, Y., Alkelsh, M. A., & Ajele, R. A. M. (2019). Design and Implementation Smart Transformer based on IoT. International Conference on Computing, Electronics & Communications Engineering, 16-21.
• Hossain, Md. S., Rahman, M., Sarker, Md. T., Haque, Md. E., & Jahid, A. (2019). A smart IoT based system for monitoring and controlling the sub-station equipment. Internet of Things, 7, 100085.
• Jamal, H., Nadeem Khan, M. F., Anjum, A., & Janjua, M. K. (2018). Thermal Monitoring and Protection for Distribution Transformer Under Residential Loading Using Internet of Things. 2018 IEEE Global Conference on Internet of Things (GCIoT), 1-6.
• John, A., Varghese, R., Krishnan, S. S., Thomas, S., Swayambu, T. A., & Thasneem, P. (2017). Automation of 11 kv substation using raspberry pi. 2017 International Conference on Circuit ,Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT), 1-5.
• Khairnar, V., Kolhe, L., Bhagat, S., Sahu, R., Kumar, A., & Shaikh, S. (2020). Industrial Automation of Process for Transformer Monitoring System Using IoT Analytics. Içinde G. Ranganathan, J. Chen, & Á. Rocha (Ed.), Inventive Communication and Computational Technologies (ss. 1191-1200). Springer.
• Kore, P., Ambare, V., Dalne, A., Amane, G., Kapse, S., & Bhavarkar, S. (2019). IoT Based Distribution Transformer Monitoring and Controlling System. Journal of Research and Advancement in Electrical Engineering, 2(1).
• Kumar, T. A., & Ajitha, A. (2017). Development of IoT based solution for monitoring and controlling of distribution transformers. 2017 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Instrumentation and Control Technologies (ICICICT), 1457-1461.
• Mariprasath, T., & Kirubakaran, V. (2018). A real time study on condition monitoring of distribution transformer using thermal imager. Infrared Physics & Technology, 90, 78-86.
• Mrs. A. P. Khandait, Swapnil Kadaskar, Girish Thakare, & Priyadarshini college of Engineering,nagpur. (2017). Real Time Monitoring of Transformer using IOT. International Journal of Engineering Research And, V6(03), IJERTV6IS030200.
• Pathania, S., & Aggarwal, S. K. (2019). IoT Based Distribution Transformer Health Monitoring System [Thesis]. http://tudr.thapar.edu:8080/jspui/handle/10266/5788, Erişim tarihi 20 Eylül 2021
• Pawar, R. R., Wagh, P. A., & Deosarkar, S. B. (2017). Distribution transformer monitoring system using Internet of Things (IoT). 2017 International Conference on Computational Intelligence in Data Science(ICCIDS), 1-4.
• Peharda, D., Ivanković, I., & Jaman, N. (2017). Using Data from SCADA for Centralized Transformer Monitoring Applications. Procedia Engineering, 202, 65-75.
• Rahman, S., Dey, S. K., Bhawmick, B. K., & Das, N. K. (2017). Design and implementation of real time transformer health monitoring system using GSM technology. 2017 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE), 258-261.
• SCADA. https://www.sedas.com/tr-tr/DagitimHizmetleri/Pages/Scada.aspx, Erişim tarihi 14 Mayıs 2021,
• Sohraby, K., Minoli, D., Occhiogrosso, B., & Wang, W. (2018). A Review of Wireless and Satellite-Based M2M/IoT Services in Support of Smart Grids. Mobile Networks and Applications, 23(4), 881-895.
• Srivastava, D., & Tripathi, M. M. (2018). Transformer Health Monitoring System Using Internet of Things. 2018 2nd IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES), 903-908.
• Sunrise equation. (2021). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunrise_equation&oldid=1023027239, Erişim tarihi 14 Mayıs 2021
• Sunrise/Sunset Algorithm. https://edwilliams.org/sunrise_sunset_algorithm.htm, Erişim tarihi 14 Mayıs 2021,
• Tarase, K. B., & Panchade, V. M. (2020). Monitoring amp; Controlling of Substation Using IoT in Distribution Power Grid. 2020 5th International Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ICDCS), 66-70.
• Thangiah, L., Ramanathan, C., & Chodisetty, L. S. (2019). Distribution Transformer Condition Monitoring based on Edge Intelligence for Industrial IoT. 2019 IEEE 5th World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), 733-736.
• Tom, R. J., & Sankaranarayanan, S. (2017). IoT based SCADA integrated with Fog for power distribution automation. 2017 12th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 1-4.
• US Department of Commerce, N. ESRL Global Monitoring Laboratory—Global Radiation and Aerosols., https://gml.noaa.gov/grad/solcalc/calcdetails.html, Erişim tarihi 20 Eylül 2021
• Wang, J. H., Li, X. Z., Lu, R. T., & Sun, F. J. (2013). Internet of Things Based Auxiliary Control System for Smart Substation. Advanced Materials Research, 614-615, 1790-1795.
• Wester, C., Engelman, N., Smith, T., Odetunde, K., Anderson, B., & Reilly, J. (2015). The role of the SCADA RTU in today's substation. 2015 68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 622-628.
• Yaman, O., & Biçen, Y. (2019). An Internet of Things (IoT) based Monitoring System for Oil-immersed Transformers. Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 7(3), 226-234.
• Žarković, M., & Stojković, Z. (2017). Analysis of artificial intelligence expert systems for power transformer condition monitoring and diagnostics. Electric Power Systems Research, 149, 125-136.
• Zhang, C., He, Y., Du, B., Yuan, L., Li, B., & Jiang, S. (2020). Transformer fault diagnosis method using IoT based monitoring system and ensemble machine learning. Future Generation Computer Systems, 108, 533-545.
• Zhao, L., Brandao Machado Matsuo, I., Zhou, Y., & Lee, W.-J. (2019). Design of an Industrial IoT-Based Monitoring System for Power Substations. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 55(6), 5666-5674.