Putrescine in Herbicide Stress Protection: Modulate the Genomic Instability and DNA Methylation Changes in Wheat

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most consumed and important food in worldwide. During its growing season, weeds around the cultivated areas grow rapidly and inhibit the normal growth and development, stable yield and quality of wheat seriously. The prevention and removal of weeds are achieved by herbicide treatments. Dicamba is one of the herbicides that is used in agricultural areas which may represent a potential genotoxic risk to off-target crops. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of dicamba (0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 ppm) which caused to destabilize of genomic template stability (GTS) and DNA methylation changes in Triticum aestivum L. seedlings by RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and CRED-RA (Coupled Restriction Enzyme Digestion-Random Amplification) techniques, respectively. Also, Full Methylation Ratio and Methylation Ratio were computed according to data of CRED-RA patterns. It was determined that the damage raised with an increasing dose of dicamba. To minimalize the genotoxic effects of dicamba, putrescine (0.01, 0.1 and 1 ppm), a kind of polyamine, were used. Especially, 1 ppm of putrescine was the best concentration to revert the stress-exposed wheat seedlings. Polyamines are positively charged organic cations and hence they interact with negatively charged macromolecules such as DNA and RNA and stabilize them. The results of this experiment have clearly shown that putrescine could be used effectively to protect wheat seedlings from the effects of dicamba on DNA damage and DNA methylation changes, also RAPD and CRED-RA could be used as ideal techniques to get reliable and accurate results.

Keywords

• Dicamba,RAPD,CRED-RA,Polyamines

Herbisit Stres Korumasında Putresin: Buğdayda Genomik Kararsızlığı Azaltma ve DNA Metilasyon Değişiklikleri

Abstract

Buğday, dünyada en çok tüketilen önemli gıdalardan biridir. Büyüme mevsimi boyunca, ekili alanların etrafındaki yabani otlar hızla büyümekte ve buğdayın normal büyüme ve gelişmesini, verimini ve kalitesini ciddi şekilde engellemektedir. Yabancı otların önlenmesi ve giderilmesi, herbisit uygulamaları ile sağlanır. Dikamba, tarım alanlarında hedef olmayan ürünler için potansiyel genotoksik riskleri oluşturabilecek olan herbisitlerden biridir. Bu çalışmada Triticum aestivum L. fidelerinde genomik kalıp stabilitesinin (GTS) ve DNA metilasyonunun değişmesine neden olan dikambanın (0,2, 0,4 ve 0,6 ppm) etkisinin RAPD (Rastgele Çoğaltılmış Polimorfik DNA) ve CRED-RA (Çift Restriksiyon Enzimi Kesimi ve Rastgele Çoğaltım) teknikleri ile değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca Tam Metilasyon ve Metilasyon Oranları CRED-RA verilerine göre hesaplanmıştır. Dikamba dozu arttıkça oluşan hasarında arttığı belirlenmiştir. Dikambanın genotoksik etkilerini en aza indirmek için bir tür poliamin olan putresin (0.01, 0.1 ve 1 ppm) kullanılmıştır. Özellikle, 1 ppm putresin strese maruz kalan buğday fidelerini eski haline döndüren en iyi konsantrasyon olarak belirlenmiştir. Poliaminler pozitif yüklü organik katyonlardır ve bu nedenle DNA ve RNA gibi negatif yüklü makromoleküllerle etkileşir ve kararlılığını sağlarlar. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre buğday fidelerinde dikambanın sebep olduğu DNA hasarı ve DNA metilasyon değişikliklerinden korumak için putresin etkili bir şekilde kullanılabilirken, RAPD ve CRED-RA’nın güvenilir ve doğru sonuçlar elde etmek için ideal teknikler olarak kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• dikamba,RAPD,CRED-RA,poliaminler

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