Alternatif Yakıt Biyogaz Potansiyelinin Model Bir İlçe için Araştırılması

Öz

Dünya nüfusunun artışı ve teknolojik gelişimler sebebiyle ortaya çıkan gıda ve enerji talebini karşılayabilmek için araştırmalar yoğun şekilde devam etmektedir. Enerji ihtiyacını giderebilmek için arz doğal gaz, kömür, petrol gibi fosil kaynaklı yakıtlardan ya da nükleer kaynaklardan sağlanmaktadır. Fosil kaynakların miktarının sınırlı olması ve oluşturduğu sera gazı etkisi sebebiyle alternatif enerji araştırmaların birçoğu biyodizel, biyogaz, rüzgâr, güneş enerjisi gibi yenilenebilir yakıtlar üzerinde yoğunlaşmıştır. Sera gazı etkisini oluşturan gazlar içerisinde karbondioksit ile birlikte metanojen bakterileri tarafından üretilen metan(bataklık-biyogaz) gazları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Uygulanabilirliği, sürdürülebilirliği, düşük üretim maliyeti, sera gazı oluşumunu azaltması ve süreç sonucu elde edilen biyokütlenin organik gübre olarak kullanılabilmesinden dolayı biyogaz üretimi alternatif yakıtlar içerisinde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla, birçok ülkede biyogaz üretimi ve buna bağlı oluşan biyogübrenin tarımda kullanımı artarak devam ederken ülkemizin bu alandaki potansiyelinin yeterince belirlenemediği görülmektedir. Yapılan bu çalışmada ülkemizin bir ilçesi model olarak incelenerek toplam biyokütle potansiyeli belirlenmiş ve biyokütle potansiyeline bağlı olarak elde edilebilecek biyoenerji miktarı araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, model ilçenin biyokütle potansiyelinin ilçenin enerji ihtiyacının üzerinde olduğu ve biyogaz üretimi sonrası oluşacak biyogübrenin kullanımı ile toprak kirliliğine sebep olan inorganik gübre kullanımının azaltılabileceği görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• biyogaz
• biyoyakıt
• biyogaz potansiyeli

The Investigation of the Alternative Fuel Biogas Potential for Model Town

Abstract

The investigations have been intensively continuing for responding of energy and food demand depending on the world population increase and the development of the industrial progression. The energy necessities eliminate by using fossil fuels based sources such as natural gas, coal and petrol. However, the amount of the fossil fuels is limited and they create the green houses gas problems, therefore, many of the researches have been focusing on new sustainable alternative energy sources, such as wind power, biodiesel, biogas, solar and biomass. The methane which is released by the methanogen bacteria is occupy a places in green gases which are carbon dioxide and methane. Biogas as an alternative biofuel has higher impact in alternative fuels because of its applicability, sustainability, low production cost, keep the greenhouse gases in balance and produces bio-fertilizer after digestion processes. In those purposes, the biogas investment and investigation increases for all over the world however the potential of biomass conversion and the examination for bio gas production have paid less concern in our country.
In this study, the potential biomass and the amount of the biogas depending on the biomass potential have been investigated on one of the model town, Şiran in Gümüşhane. According to obtained results, it is seen that the biomass potential and the amount of the biogas production are highly enough for model town for natural gas demand and using bio fertilizer which is produced after digestion of biomass can be decreased by the utilization of the synthetic inorganic fertilizer, causing for soil pollution.

Keywords

• Biogas
• Biofuels
• Biogas Potential

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