Yol Kenarlarındaki Ağaçların Trafik Kaynaklı Karbon Aerosolleri Üzerindeki Etkisi

Öz

Özellikle gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ve mega kentlerde sayıları sürekli artan motorlu taşıtlar, hava kirliliği kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Araç emisyonlarından yayılan ince partikül madde (PM2.5), insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan önemli bir kirleticidir. PM2.5 kirleticisinin önemli bileşenleri organik Karbon (OK) ve elementer karbondur (EK). PM2.5, OK ve EK seviyeleri, yoğun araç trafiğine sahip İstanbul mega kentinde bir sıcak noktada Mart ve Mayıs 2016 döneminde incelendi. Ayrıca aynı nokta 2016 yılı Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında ölçüm istasyonu yakınına büyük ağaçlar dikildikten sonra yeniden incelemeye alınmıştır. Ağaçlardan önceki ortalama ince partikül madde değeri, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) ve Avrupa Birliği (AB) sınırlarının üzerinde olan 33,01±8,2 μg/m3 olarak ölçülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde OK ve EK konsantrasyonlarının ortalaması 6,56±3,78 μg/m3 ve 2,36±1,51 μg/m3 olarak bulunmuş, ağaçlardan sonra ince partikül madde ortalama değeri 25,03±4,58 μg/m3 olarak ölçülmüştür ki bu hala DSÖ ve AB sınırlarının üzerindedir. Bu çalışmanın yapıldığı dönemde ortalama OK ve EK konsantrasyonları sırasıyla 6,71±4,01 μg/m3 ve 2,68±0,89 μg/m3 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada, yoğun araç trafiğinin olduğu megakentlerde PM2.5 tehlikesine yol kenarındaki ağaçların bir çözüm olabileceği gözlemlenmiştir. Ancak, OK ve EK konsantrasyonları, çok daha küçük boyutları nedeniyle ağaçlar yardımı ile çözülemeyeceği düşünülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Araç Trafiği
• Yol Kenarı Ağaçları
• İnce Partikül Madde (PM2.5)
• Organik Karbon
• Elementel Karbon
• Megakent

The Effect of Roadside Trees on Traffic-Related Carbonaceous Aerosols

Abstract

Motor vehicles, which increase in number continuously in megacities, especially in developing countries, constitutes a significant part of the sources of air pollution, especially in megacities. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted from vehicle emissions is an important pollutant that has adverse effects on human health and the environment. The significant components of vehicle emitted PM2.5 are Organic Carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). PM2.5, OC and EC levels were investigated in March and May 2016 at a hotspot point in the Istanbul megacity, which has heavy vehicle traffic. Also, the same area reinvestigated in May and June 2016 after planted large trees near to measurement station area. The average value of fine particulate matter before trees was measured as 33,01±8,2 μg/m3 which is above World Health Organization (WHO) and European Union (EU) limits. The average of OC and EC concentrations in the period of this study were found as 6,56±3,78 μg/m3 and 2,36±1,51 μg/m3, the average value of fine particulate matter after trees was measured 25,03 μg/m3, which is still above WHO and EU limits. The average OC and EC concentrations in the period of this study were found as 6,71±4,01 μg/m3 and 2,68±0,89 μg/m3, respectively. In this study, it has been observed that in the megacities where intensive vehicle traffic exists, roadside trees could have an impact on trapping PM2.5. However, OC and EC concentrations are not affected, most probably due to their much smaller sizes.

Keywords

• Vehicle Traffic
• Roadside Trees
• Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
• Organic Carbon
• Elemental Carbon
• Megacity.

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