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A Study on Environmental and Social Impacts of Mini-hydro Power Plants

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 35 - 41, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.724940

Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the environmental and social impacts of Namnam hydroelectric power plant constructed as river-run-off type of mini-hydropower plants in Kavaklı village, Ula district, Mugla province of Turkey. In order to determine the environmental and social impacts of the power plant, discussions and field visits were made among the local residents, officials and technical personnel. Then, environmental and social impacts were analyzed scientifically using of regulation degree and environmental impact value scores. For the Namnam hydroelectric power plant, class and status of the regulation degree was 1 and “high”. Environmental impact score was calculated as -15. In this case, it was demonstrated that the Namnam hydroelectric power plant has stimulated some environmental concerns, but has a significant positive social impact on the society. This power plant makes a contribution to green energy production. Therefore, when the positive and negative aspects of the constructed Namnam hydroelectric power plant are evaluated, it can be concluded that there is a gain for our country. In addition, suggestions were made considering the results of the study carried out.

References

  • Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. (2011). Small Hydro and the Environmental Implications of Its Extensive Utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (4): 2134-43.
  • Adam, N., Erpicum, S., Archambeau, P., Pirotton, M., & Dewals, B. (2014). Stochastic Modelling of Reservoir Sedimentation in a Semi-arid Watershed. Water Resources Management 29 (3): 785-800.
  • Anderson, D., Moggridge, H., Warren, P., & Shucksmith, J. (2014). The Impacts of ‘Run-of-River’ Hydropower on the Physical and Ecological Condition of Rivers. Water and Environment Journal 29 (2): 268-76.
  • Bayazıt, Y., Bakış, R., & Koç, C. (2017). An Investigation of Small Scale Hydropower Plants Using the Geographic Information System. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67: 289-94.
  • Bergkamp, G., McCartney, M., Dugan, P., McNeely, J., & Acreman, M. (2000). Dams, Ecosystem Functions and Environmental Restoration: Thematic Review II. 1 World Commission on Dams, Cape Town, South Africa
  • Bracken, L., Bulkeley, H., & Maynard, C. (2014). Micro-hydro Power in the UK: The Role of Communities in an Emerging Energy Resource. Energy Policy 68: 92-101.
  • Chang, X., Liu, X., & Zhou, W. (2010). Hydropower in China at Present and Its Further Development. Energy 35 (11): 4400-6.
  • Coelho, A., & De Brito, J. (2012). Influence of Construction and Demolition Waste Management on the Environmental Impact of Buildings. Waste Management 32 (3): 532-41.
  • Demirbas, A. (2005). Potential Applications of Renewable Energy Sources, Biomass Combustion Problems in Boiler Power Systems and Combustion Related Environmental Issues. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 31 (2): 171-92.
  • DMİ (Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri). (2018). Köyceğiz Meteoroloji İstasyonu Rasat Verileri 1975-2018, Ankara
  • DSİ, (2019). Ülkemizde İşletmeye Açılan Hidroelektrik Santraller. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, İşletme ve Bakım Daire Başkanlığı, İşletmeye Açılan HES’ler Raporu, 15s, Ankara
  • Eriyagama, N., Smakhtin, V., & Jinapala, K. (2016). The Sri Lanka Environmental Flow Calculator: A Science-Based Tool to Support Sustainable National Water Management. Water Policy 18 (2): 480-92.
  • Evans, A., Strezov, V., & Evans, T. (2009). Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Renewable Energy Technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (5): 1082-8.
  • Gracey, E., & Verones, F. (2016). Impacts from hydropower production on biodiversity in an LCA framework-review and recommendations. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21(3): 412-28.
  • Jager, H., & Smith, B. (2008). Sustainable Reservoir Operation: Can We Generate Hydropower and Preserve Ecosystem Values ?. River Research and Applications 24, 340–352
  • Kjærland, F. (2007). A Real Option Analysis of Investments in Hydropower-The Case of Norway. Energy Policy 35 (11): 5901-8.
  • Koç, C. (2018). A Study on Operation Problems of Hydropower Plants Integrated with Irrigation Schemes Operated in Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, Volume 15, Issue 2, 129-135,
  • Kumar, A., Kumar, K., Kaushik, N., Sharma, S., & Mishra, S. (2010). Renewable Energy in India: Current Status and Future Potentials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (8): 2434-42.
  • Morimoto, R., & Munasinghe, M. (2005). Small Hydropower Projects and Sustainable Energy Development in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Global Energy, Issues 24 (1/2): 3.
  • Nastase, G., Şerban, A., Năstase, A., & Iordan, N. (2017). Hydropower Development in Romania. A Review from Its Beginnings to the Present. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 297-312.
  • Paish, O. (2002). Small Hydro Power: Technology and Current Status. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6 (6): 537-56.
  • Renafalt, B., Jansson, R., & Nilsson, C. (2010). Effects of Hydropower Generation and Opportunities for Environmental Flow Management in Swedish Riverine Ecosystems. Freshwater Biology 55 (1): 49-67.
  • Rojanamon, P., Chaisomphob, T., & Bureekul, T. (2009). Application of Geographical Information System to Site Selection of Small Run-of-River Hydropower Project by Considering Engineering/Economic/Environmental Criteria and Social Impact. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (9): 2336-48.
  • Safont, E., Vegas-Vilarrúbia, T., & Rull, V. (2012). Use of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Tools to Set Priorities and Optimize Strategies in Biodiversity Conservation. Biological Conservation 149 (1): 113-21.
  • Sample, J., Duncan, N., Ferguson, M., & Cooksley, S. (2015). Scotland’s Hydropower: Current Capacity, Future Potential and the Possible Impacts of Climate Change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52: 111-22.
  • Sims, R., Rogner, H., & Gregory, K. (2003). Carbon Emission and Mitigation Cost Comparisons between Fossil Fuel, Nuclear and Renewable Energy Resources for Electricity Generation. Energy Policy 31 (13): 1315-26.
  • Steinmetz, M., & Sundqvist, N. (2014). Environmental Impacts of Small Hydropower Plants-A Case Study of Borås Energi och Miljö’s Hydropower Plants. Master of Science thesis, Chalmers University of Technology.
  • Türedi. M., (2006). Köyceğiz Gölü (Limnolojik Etüd) Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ortaöğretim Sosyal Alanlar Eğitim Anabilim Dalı Coğrafya Öğretmenliği Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Utlu, M., & Ekinci, D. (2015). Namnam Çayı Havzasının (Muğla) Uygulamalı Hidrografyası. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Coğrafya Bölümü, Coğrafya Dergisi, Sayı 30 Sayfa 38-60.
  • Wagner, B., Hauer, C., Schoder, A., & Habersack, H. (2015). A Review of Hydropower in Austria: Past, Present and Future Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50: 304-14.
  • Weerakoon, S. B., & Rathnayake, U. S. (2007). Effect of the Entrance Zone on the Trapping Efficiency of Desilting Tanks in Run-of-River Hydropower Plants. In International Conference on Small Hydropower-Hydro Sri Lanka, 22-4.
  • Williams, A., & Porter, S. (2006). Comparison of Hydropower Options for Developing Countries with Regard to the Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy for Developing Countries, 1-17.
  • Winemiller, K., McIntyre, P., Castello, L., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Giarrizzo, T., Nam, S., Baird, I., Darwall, W., Lujan, N., Harrison, I., Stiassny, M., Silvano, R., Fitzgerald, D., Pelicice, F., Agostinho, A., Gomes, L., Albert, J., Baran, E., Petrere, M., Zarfl, C., Mulligan, M., Sullivan, J., Arantes, C., Sousa, L., Koning, A., Hoeinghaus, D., Sabaj, M., Lundberg, J., Armbruster, J., Thieme, M., Petry, P., Zuanon, J., Vilara, G., Snoeks, J., Ou, C., Rainboth, W., Pavanelli, C., Akama, A., Soesbergen, A., & Saenz, L. (2016). Balancing Hydropower and Biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong. Science 351 (62-69): 128-9.
  • Yah, N., Oumer, A., & Idris, M. (2017). Small Scale Hydro-Power as a Source of Renewable Energy in Malaysia: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72: 228-39.
  • Yüksel, I. (2010). Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1): 462-9.
  • Zhangzhong, L., Yang, P., Ren, S., Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2015). Flow Characteristics and Pressure-Compensating Mechanism of Non-pressure-Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters. Irrigation and Drainage 64 (5): 637-46.

Mini-hidroelektrik Santrallerin Çevresel ve Sosyal Etkileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 35 - 41, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.724940

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Muğla ili, Ula ilçesi, Kavaklı köyü mevkiinde nehir tipi mini hidroelektrik santral olarak inşa edilen Namnam hidroelektrik santralin çevresel ve sosyal etkilerini incelenmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Santralin çevresel ve sosyal etkilerini belirleyebilmek için yörede yaşayanlar, yetkililer ve teknik personel arasında tartışmalar ve arazi ziyaretleri yapılmıştır. Daha sonra, çevresel ve sosyal etkiler için düzenleme derecesi ve çevresel etki değeri puanları kullanılarak bilimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. İncelenen Namnam hidroelektrik santrali için düzenleme derecesi 1. Sınıf, durumu ise “yüksek”, çevresel etki değerinin puanı ise -15 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu durumda, Namnam hidroelektrik santralin bazı çevresel kaygıları tetiklediği, ancak topluma önemli derecede pozitif sosyal etki yaptığı ortaya konmuştur. Santral yeşil enerji üretimine bir katkı sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle, inşa edilmiş Namnam hidroelektrik santralin olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri değerlendirildiğinde ülkemiz için bir kazanç olduğu sonucuna ulaşılabilir. Ayrıca, yürütülen çalışmanın sonuçları dikkate alınarak olumsuz çevresel etkileri en aza indirecek veya ortadan kaldıracak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

References

  • Abbasi, T., & Abbasi, S. (2011). Small Hydro and the Environmental Implications of Its Extensive Utilization. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (4): 2134-43.
  • Adam, N., Erpicum, S., Archambeau, P., Pirotton, M., & Dewals, B. (2014). Stochastic Modelling of Reservoir Sedimentation in a Semi-arid Watershed. Water Resources Management 29 (3): 785-800.
  • Anderson, D., Moggridge, H., Warren, P., & Shucksmith, J. (2014). The Impacts of ‘Run-of-River’ Hydropower on the Physical and Ecological Condition of Rivers. Water and Environment Journal 29 (2): 268-76.
  • Bayazıt, Y., Bakış, R., & Koç, C. (2017). An Investigation of Small Scale Hydropower Plants Using the Geographic Information System. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 67: 289-94.
  • Bergkamp, G., McCartney, M., Dugan, P., McNeely, J., & Acreman, M. (2000). Dams, Ecosystem Functions and Environmental Restoration: Thematic Review II. 1 World Commission on Dams, Cape Town, South Africa
  • Bracken, L., Bulkeley, H., & Maynard, C. (2014). Micro-hydro Power in the UK: The Role of Communities in an Emerging Energy Resource. Energy Policy 68: 92-101.
  • Chang, X., Liu, X., & Zhou, W. (2010). Hydropower in China at Present and Its Further Development. Energy 35 (11): 4400-6.
  • Coelho, A., & De Brito, J. (2012). Influence of Construction and Demolition Waste Management on the Environmental Impact of Buildings. Waste Management 32 (3): 532-41.
  • Demirbas, A. (2005). Potential Applications of Renewable Energy Sources, Biomass Combustion Problems in Boiler Power Systems and Combustion Related Environmental Issues. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 31 (2): 171-92.
  • DMİ (Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri). (2018). Köyceğiz Meteoroloji İstasyonu Rasat Verileri 1975-2018, Ankara
  • DSİ, (2019). Ülkemizde İşletmeye Açılan Hidroelektrik Santraller. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı, Devlet Su İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü, İşletme ve Bakım Daire Başkanlığı, İşletmeye Açılan HES’ler Raporu, 15s, Ankara
  • Eriyagama, N., Smakhtin, V., & Jinapala, K. (2016). The Sri Lanka Environmental Flow Calculator: A Science-Based Tool to Support Sustainable National Water Management. Water Policy 18 (2): 480-92.
  • Evans, A., Strezov, V., & Evans, T. (2009). Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Renewable Energy Technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (5): 1082-8.
  • Gracey, E., & Verones, F. (2016). Impacts from hydropower production on biodiversity in an LCA framework-review and recommendations. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 21(3): 412-28.
  • Jager, H., & Smith, B. (2008). Sustainable Reservoir Operation: Can We Generate Hydropower and Preserve Ecosystem Values ?. River Research and Applications 24, 340–352
  • Kjærland, F. (2007). A Real Option Analysis of Investments in Hydropower-The Case of Norway. Energy Policy 35 (11): 5901-8.
  • Koç, C. (2018). A Study on Operation Problems of Hydropower Plants Integrated with Irrigation Schemes Operated in Turkey. International Journal of Green Energy, Volume 15, Issue 2, 129-135,
  • Kumar, A., Kumar, K., Kaushik, N., Sharma, S., & Mishra, S. (2010). Renewable Energy in India: Current Status and Future Potentials. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (8): 2434-42.
  • Morimoto, R., & Munasinghe, M. (2005). Small Hydropower Projects and Sustainable Energy Development in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Global Energy, Issues 24 (1/2): 3.
  • Nastase, G., Şerban, A., Năstase, A., & Iordan, N. (2017). Hydropower Development in Romania. A Review from Its Beginnings to the Present. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 80: 297-312.
  • Paish, O. (2002). Small Hydro Power: Technology and Current Status. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 6 (6): 537-56.
  • Renafalt, B., Jansson, R., & Nilsson, C. (2010). Effects of Hydropower Generation and Opportunities for Environmental Flow Management in Swedish Riverine Ecosystems. Freshwater Biology 55 (1): 49-67.
  • Rojanamon, P., Chaisomphob, T., & Bureekul, T. (2009). Application of Geographical Information System to Site Selection of Small Run-of-River Hydropower Project by Considering Engineering/Economic/Environmental Criteria and Social Impact. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13 (9): 2336-48.
  • Safont, E., Vegas-Vilarrúbia, T., & Rull, V. (2012). Use of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Tools to Set Priorities and Optimize Strategies in Biodiversity Conservation. Biological Conservation 149 (1): 113-21.
  • Sample, J., Duncan, N., Ferguson, M., & Cooksley, S. (2015). Scotland’s Hydropower: Current Capacity, Future Potential and the Possible Impacts of Climate Change. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 52: 111-22.
  • Sims, R., Rogner, H., & Gregory, K. (2003). Carbon Emission and Mitigation Cost Comparisons between Fossil Fuel, Nuclear and Renewable Energy Resources for Electricity Generation. Energy Policy 31 (13): 1315-26.
  • Steinmetz, M., & Sundqvist, N. (2014). Environmental Impacts of Small Hydropower Plants-A Case Study of Borås Energi och Miljö’s Hydropower Plants. Master of Science thesis, Chalmers University of Technology.
  • Türedi. M., (2006). Köyceğiz Gölü (Limnolojik Etüd) Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Ortaöğretim Sosyal Alanlar Eğitim Anabilim Dalı Coğrafya Öğretmenliği Bilim Dalı, İstanbul.
  • Utlu, M., & Ekinci, D. (2015). Namnam Çayı Havzasının (Muğla) Uygulamalı Hidrografyası. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Coğrafya Bölümü, Coğrafya Dergisi, Sayı 30 Sayfa 38-60.
  • Wagner, B., Hauer, C., Schoder, A., & Habersack, H. (2015). A Review of Hydropower in Austria: Past, Present and Future Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50: 304-14.
  • Weerakoon, S. B., & Rathnayake, U. S. (2007). Effect of the Entrance Zone on the Trapping Efficiency of Desilting Tanks in Run-of-River Hydropower Plants. In International Conference on Small Hydropower-Hydro Sri Lanka, 22-4.
  • Williams, A., & Porter, S. (2006). Comparison of Hydropower Options for Developing Countries with Regard to the Environmental, Social and Economic Aspects. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Renewable Energy for Developing Countries, 1-17.
  • Winemiller, K., McIntyre, P., Castello, L., Fluet-Chouinard, E., Giarrizzo, T., Nam, S., Baird, I., Darwall, W., Lujan, N., Harrison, I., Stiassny, M., Silvano, R., Fitzgerald, D., Pelicice, F., Agostinho, A., Gomes, L., Albert, J., Baran, E., Petrere, M., Zarfl, C., Mulligan, M., Sullivan, J., Arantes, C., Sousa, L., Koning, A., Hoeinghaus, D., Sabaj, M., Lundberg, J., Armbruster, J., Thieme, M., Petry, P., Zuanon, J., Vilara, G., Snoeks, J., Ou, C., Rainboth, W., Pavanelli, C., Akama, A., Soesbergen, A., & Saenz, L. (2016). Balancing Hydropower and Biodiversity in the Amazon, Congo, and Mekong. Science 351 (62-69): 128-9.
  • Yah, N., Oumer, A., & Idris, M. (2017). Small Scale Hydro-Power as a Source of Renewable Energy in Malaysia: A Review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 72: 228-39.
  • Yüksel, I. (2010). Hydropower for Sustainable Water and Energy Development. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (1): 462-9.
  • Zhangzhong, L., Yang, P., Ren, S., Liu, Y., & Li, Y. (2015). Flow Characteristics and Pressure-Compensating Mechanism of Non-pressure-Compensating Drip Irrigation Emitters. Irrigation and Drainage 64 (5): 637-46.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Cengiz Koç 0000-0001-7310-073X

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Koç, C. (2020). Mini-hidroelektrik Santrallerin Çevresel ve Sosyal Etkileri Üzerine Bir Çalışma. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(20), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.724940