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Aşırı beslenmeye bağlı oluşan insülin direncinin biyokimyasal gelişimi ve AMP-ile aktive edilmiş protein kinaz (AMPK)’ın fonksiyonu

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 67 - 76, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.746132

Abstract

Aşırı beslenme ve obezitenin, insülin direnci, diyabet, hipertansiyon, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve kanser gibi birçok kronik hastalığa neden olduğu bilinmektedir. İnsülin direnci, glikozun kas ve diğer dokulara taşınmasında hücrelerin insülininin etkisine yanıt verme yeteneğinin azalması olarak tanımlanır. Obezitenin gelişmesiyle birlikte yağ dokusundan salınan esterlenmemiş yağ asitleri, gliserol ve proinflamatuar sitokinler insülin direncine neden olur. Özellikle MCP-1 ve TNF-α gibi sitokin ve kemokinler adipositlerde trigliseridlerin hidrolizine neden olur. Ortaya çıkan serbest yağ asitleri dolaşım yoluyla kas, karaciğer ve beta hücrelerine taşınır ve DAG, TAG ve seramid olarak depolanır. Bu yağ asitleri türevlerinin birikimi hem IRS’yi bloke ederek insülin direncine, hemde hücre içi enerji sensörü olan AMPK’nin aktivasyonunun azalmasına neden olur. AMPK’nin aktivasyonunun azalması sonucu glukoz taşıyıcı proteininin translokasyonu azalır ve insülin direnci gelişir. Bunun yanında, AMPK’nin aktivasyonunun azalması dokularda lipit birikimine, hücresel işlev bozukluklarına ve birçok kronik hastalığın gelişmesine neden olur. Egzersizin yanında metformin, AICAR ve TZDs gibi bazı farmasötik ilaçların hem lipit birikimini azalttığı hem de AMPK’nin aktivasyonunu artırarak insülin direncini engellediği bildirilmiştir

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Biochemical development of insulin resistance due to excess nutrition and the function of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

Year 2020, Issue: 20, 67 - 76, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.746132

Abstract

Overnutrition and obesity are known to cause many chronic diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, and cancer. Insulin resistance is defined as a decrease in the ability of cells to respond to the effect of insulin in the transport of glucose to muscle and other tissues. With the development of obesity, nonesterified fatty acids, glycerol, hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines released from adipose tissue are known to play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Especially cytokines and chemokines such as MCP-1 and TNFα cause hydrolysis of triglycerides in adipocytes, causing high levels of free fatty acids in circulation. These free fatty acids are then stored by the muscle and liver and beta cells again as DAG, TAG, and ceramide, blocking the IRS receptor causing its resistance. In addition, as a result of excessive fat nutrition, the accumulation of toxic lipid derivatives causes the inactivation of the intracellular energy sensor AMPK. Depending on the inactivation of AMPK, the glucose carrier protein (GLUT4) translocation decreases, and insulin resistance improves. Also, reduced activation of AMPK causes lipid accumulation in tissues, cellular dysfunctions, and, consequently, many chronic diseases. In addition to exercise, it is seen that some pharmaceutical drugs such as metformin, AICAR, and TZDs both reduce lipid accumulation and increase the activation of AMPK and prevent insulin resistance

References

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  • Bazzichetto, C., Conciatori, F., Falcone, I., Cognetti, F., Milella, M., & Ciuffreda, L. (2019). Advances in Tumor-Stroma Interactions: Emerging Role of Cytokine Network in Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer. Journal of oncology, 2019.
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  • Blázquez, C., Geelen, M. J., Velasco, G., & Guzmán, M. (2001). The AMP‐activated protein kinase prevents ceramide synthesis de novo and apoptosis in astrocytes. FEBS letters, 489(2-3), 149-153.
  • Boden, G. (1997). Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes, 46(1), 3-10.
  • Borst, S. E. (2004). The role of TNF-α in insulin resistance. Endocrine, 23(2-3), 177-182.
  • Bouzakri, K., & Zierath, J. R. (2007). MAP4K4 gene silencing in human skeletal muscle prevents tumor necrosis factor-α-induced insulin resistance. Journal of Biological chemistry, 282(11), 7783-7789.
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  • Curat, C. A., Miranville, A., Sengenès, C., Diehl, M., Tonus, C., Busse, R., & Bouloumié, A. (2004). From blood monocytes to adipose tissue-resident macrophages: induction of diapedesis by human mature adipocytes. Diabetes, 53(5), 1285-1292.
  • El-Assaad, W., Buteau, J., Peyot, M. L., Nolan, C., Roduit, R., Hardy, S., ... & Prentki, M. (2003). Saturated fatty acids synergize with elevated glucose to cause pancreatic β-cell death. Endocrinology, 144(9), 4154-4163.
  • Engelking, L. J., Kuriyama, H., Hammer, R. E., Horton, J. D., Brown, M. S., Goldstein, J. L., & Liang, G. (2004). Overexpression of Insig-1 in the livers of transgenic mice inhibits SREBP processing and reduces insulin-stimulated lipogenesis. The Journal of clinical investigation, 113(8), 1168-1175.
  • Feige, J. N., & Auwerx, J. (2007). Transcriptional coregulators in the control of energy homeostasis. Trends in cell biology, 17(6), 292-301.
  • Frayn, K. N., Shadid, S. A. M. Y. A. H., Hamlani, R. O. O. H. I., Humphreys, S. M., Clark, M. L., Fielding, B. A., ... & Coppack, S. W. (1994). Regulation of fatty acid movement in human adipose tissue in the postabsorptive-to-postprandial transition. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology And Metabolism, 266(3), E308-E317.
  • Gizlici MN, Çatak J. (2019) Diabetes Mellitus ve Çinko İlişkisi. Türkiye Diyabet ve Obezite Dergisi, 2: 107-113.
  • Gleason, C. E., Lu, D., Witters, L. A., Newgard, C. B., & Birnbaum, M. J. (2007). The role of AMPK and mTOR in nutrient sensing in pancreatic β-cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(14), 10341-10351.
  • Granneman, J. G., & Moore, H. P. H. (2008). Location, location: protein trafficking and lipolysis in adipocytes. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism, 19(1), 3-9.
  • Griffin, M. E., Marcucci, M. J., Cline, G. W., Bell, K., Barucci, N., Lee, D., ... & Shulman, G. I. (1999). Free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance is associated with activation of protein kinase C theta and alterations in the insulin signaling cascade. Diabetes, 48(6), 1270-1274.
  • Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Puri, V., & Czech, M. P. (2008). Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology, 9(5), 367-377.
  • Hardie, D. G., & Carling, D. (1997). The AMP‐activated protein kinase: Fuel gauge of the mammalian cell?. European journal of biochemistry, 246(2), 259-273.
  • saturated-fat-, and obesity-induced insulin resistance. Cell metabolism, 5(3), 167-179.
  • Hundal, R. S., Petersen, K. F., Mayerson, A. B., Randhawa, P. S., Inzucchi, S., Shoelson, S. E., & Shulman, G. I. (2002). Mechanism by which high-dose aspirin improves glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetes. The Journal of clinical investigation, 109(10), 1321-1326.
  • Ido, Y., Carling, D., & Ruderman, N. (2002). Hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells: inhibition by the AMP-activated protein kinase activation. Diabetes, 51(1), 159-167.
  • Imai, T., Takakuwa, R., Marchand, S., Dentz, E., Bornert, J. M., Messaddeq, N., ... & Chambon, P. (2004). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ is required in mature white and brown adipocytes for their survival in the mouse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(13), 4543-4547.
  • Inouye, K. E., Shi, H., Howard, J. K., Daly, C. H., Lord, G. M., Rollins, B. J., & Flier, J. S. (2007). Absence of CC chemokine ligand 2 does not limit obesity-associated infiltration of macrophages into adipose tissue. Diabetes, 56(9), 2242-2250.
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There are 72 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Mustafa Yaman 0000-0001-9692-0204

Cemalettin Kismiroğlu 0000-0002-9492-9069

Halime Uğur 0000-0002-2932-4215

İsmail Belli 0000-0002-9546-0207

Bahtiyar Özgür 0000-0002-7147-3230

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 20

Cite

APA Yaman, M., Kismiroğlu, C., Uğur, H., Belli, İ., et al. (2020). Aşırı beslenmeye bağlı oluşan insülin direncinin biyokimyasal gelişimi ve AMP-ile aktive edilmiş protein kinaz (AMPK)’ın fonksiyonu. Avrupa Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi(20), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.746132

Cited By

Besin Destekleri ve İlaçların Ağırlık Regülasyonuna Etkisi
İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.47769/izufbed.979442