Yield and Essential Oil Composition of Thymus eigii (M. Zohary & P.H. Davis) Jalas Leaves and Flowers at Various Growth Stages in the Mediterranean Region

Year 2021, Issue: 31, 523 - 530, 31.12.2021

Muzaffer Barut Sezen Tansı Şengül Karaman

https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1010281

Abstract

Thymus eigii is a perennial shrub from Lamiaceae family and it is found as wild in Adana and Hatay provinces, Turkey. The potential use of Thymus spp. in the prevention of viral diseases is making its demand rise. In this study, T. eigii plants were collected at various growth stages (pre-flowering, mid-flowering, and full-flowering) from Adana, Turkey in order to determine the most suitable harvest time for the highest amount of essential oil and yield. Full-flowering resulted in the highest plant height (36.11 cm), plant diameter (57.30 cm), fresh herb yield (251.31 g plant-1), fresh flower yield (158.24 g plant-1), dry herb yield (84.73 g plant-1), and dry flowers yield (53.63 g plant-1), whereas the highest fresh leaves yield (38.97 g plant-1) and dry leaves yield (16.72 g plant-1) were found at mid-flowering. While the highest flower essential oil rate (4.75 ml 100 g-1) was obtained at mid-flowering, the highest leaves essential oil rate (2.77 ml 100 g-1) was found at pre-flowering. The major compounds were carvacrol (70.87-77.98%), p-Cymene (3.39-7.46%), β-Caryophyllene (3.90-5.17%), γ-Terpinene (0.58-5.15%), and isoborneol (0.30-3.58%). As a result, the most suitable harvest time was determined as pre-flowering in terms of dry leaf yield and full-flowering in terms of flowers essential oil yield.

Keywords

Thymus, Essential oil, Carvacrol, Wild species

Thanks

Thanks are given to Prof. Dr. Ahmet İlçim for his helpful taxonomical identification of the plant material.

Akdeniz Bölgesinde Thymus eigii (M. Zohary & P.H. Davis) Jalas Bitkisinin Farklı Gelişme Devrelerinde Verimi ile Yaprak ve Çiçeklerdeki Uçucu Yağ Bileşimi

Abstract

Thymus eigii, Lamiaceae familyasından çok yıllık bir çalı olup, Türkiye'nin Adana ve Hatay illerinde yabani olarak bulunmaktadır. Thymus spp. türlerinin viral hastalıkların önlenmesi konusundaki potansiyel kullanımı talebi artırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, en yüksek miktarda verim ve uçucu yağ elde etmek için en uygun hasat zamanını belirlemek amacıyla, Adana, Türkiye'den farklı çiçeklenme dönemlerinde (çiçeklenme öncesi, yarı çiçeklenme ve tam çiçeklenme) toplanmıştır. Tam çiçeklenmede en yüksek bitki boyu (36.11 cm), bitki çapı (57.30 cm), taze bitki verimi (251.31 g bitki-1), taze çiçek verimi (158.24 g bitki-1), kuru bitki verimi (84.73 g bitki-1) saptanırken, kuru çiçek verimi (53.63 g bitki-1), en yüksek taze yaprak verimi (38.97 g bitki-1) ve kuru yaprak verimi (16.72 g bitki-1) ise yarı çiçeklenmede belirlenmiştir. En yüksek çiçek uçucu yağ oranı (4.75 ml 100 g-1) yarı çiçeklenmede, en yüksek yaprak uçucu yağ oranı (2.77 ml 100 g-1) ise çiçeklenme öncesi dönemde bulunmuştur. Başlıca bileşikler karvakrol (%70.87-77.27), p-Cymene (%3.39-7.46), β-Caryophyllene (%3.90-5.17), γ-Terpinen (%0.58-5.15) ve izoborneol (%0.30-3.58) olarak saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak en uygun hasat zamanı kuru yaprak verimi açısından çiçeklenme öncesi, çiçek uçucu yağ verimi açısından ise tam çiçeklenme olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Thymus, Uçucu yağ, Karvakrol, Yabani türler

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