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Kazakistan’ın Yenilenebilir Enerji Potansiyeli

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 79 - 88, 25.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.699911

Abstract

Kazakistan kömür, petrol, doğalgaz ve uranyum gibi fosil kaynaklara zengindir ve rüzgar, güneş, hidroelektrik ve biyokütle gibi önemli yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeline sahiptir. Fakat yüksek yenilenebilir enerji potansiyeline rağmen Kazakistan enerji üretimi için fosil yakıtlara son derece bağımlıdır. Ülkede toplam enerji üretiminin %75’ini kömür yakıtlı santraller oluşturmaktadır. Buna ek olarak, Kazakistan GSYİH'ye sera gazı emisyonları açısından GSYİH doları başına 3,38 kg sera gazı emisyonu olarak dünyada birinci sırada yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla fosit yakıtların kullanımı sera gazı emisyonları nedeniyle insan sağlığı ve çevre üzerindeki etkileriyle ilgili endişelere yol açmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları, dünyadaki enerji arz açığını kapatmak ve ulusal sera gazı emisyonlarını azaltmak için giderek daha cazip bir seçenek haline gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Kazakistan’daki yenilenebilir enerji teknolojilerinin yayılmasını engelleyen çeşitli faktörler gözden geçirilmiştir. Kazakistan’da yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının gelişmesini engelleyen düşük elektrik tarifeleri, iletim kayıpları, eski ve verimsiz teknolojiler, zayıf düzenleyici ve yasal çerçevelerin yanı sıra yüksek riskli bir iş ortamı gibi faktörler bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada söz konusu engellerin üstesinden gelmek için potansiyel tedbirler önerilmiştir.

References

  • Biogas, Z. (2011). First biogas plant started energy production in Kazakhstan. http://zorg-biogas.com Erişim: 09.07.2018
  • BMZ (2017). Renewable Energies in Central Asia. Country Chapter: Republic of Kazakhstan. Germany Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Erişim: www.gtz.de
  • BP (2019). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf Erişim: 13.01.2020
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  • Karatayev, M., & Clarke, M. L. (2016). A review of current energy systems and green energy potential in Kazakhstan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 491-504.
  • KEGOC, (2017). 2018-2030 jj. aralığındağı Qazaqstan BÉJ élektr énergïyası men qwatınıñ boljamdıq teñgerimi. (2018-2030 dönemi. Kazakistan'ın tahmini elektrik gücü ve kapasitesi). https://www.kegoc.kz
  • KEGOC (2019). Regular review of electric balance and energy efficiency in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company 2018. Available at: www.kegoc.kz
  • NRGI (2017). Kazakhstan report. Natural Resource Governance Institute 2017. Erişim: www.resourcegovernance.org
  • Oprisan, M. (2011). Prospects for coal and clean coal technologies in Kazakhstan. IEA Clean Coal Centre.
  • REN21, (2019). Renewables 2019 Global Status Report, https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2019/ Date of access: 15.01.2020
  • Syzdykova, A., Tanrıöven C., (2018). Petrol Fiyatlarının Kazakistan’daki Makroekonomik Aktiviteler Üzerindeki Etkisi, 3rd Internatıonal Congress on Economics, Finance and Energy. Almaty/Kazakhstan.
  • UNDP (2017). Lessons learnt from the Kazakhstan: wind power market development initiative. United Nations Development Program Kazakhstan 2016. Available at: www.undp.kz
  • USDA (2018). Kazakhstan: Agriculture Overview. https://www.fas.usda.gov/regions/kazakhstan Erişim: 17.11.2018
  • Wilkins, G. (2010). Technology transfer for renewable energy. Routledge.
  • WNA (2014). Russia helps Kazakh nuclear power plants. World Nuclear Association 2014. Erişim: www.world-nuclear-news.org
  • WNA (2017). Kazakhstan: Facts and figures. World Nuclear Association 2017. London. UK. Erişim: www.world-nuclear.org
  • Yılmaz, M. (2012). Türkiye’nin enerji potansiyeli ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının elektrik enerjisi üretimi açısından önemi. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 33-54.

Renewable Energy Potential in Kazakhstan

Year 2020, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 79 - 88, 25.04.2020
https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.699911

Abstract

Kazakhstan is rich in fossil resources such as coal, oil, natural gas and uranium and has significant renewable energy potential such as wind, solar, hydropower and biomass. But despite its high renewable energy potential, Kazakhstan is highly dependent on fossil fuels for energy production. Coal-fired power plants account for 75% of the total energy production in the country. In addition, Kazakhstan ranks first in the world in terms of greenhouse gas emissions to GDP as 3.38 kg greenhouse gas emissions per dollar of GDP. Therefore, the use of fossil fuels raises concerns about their impact on human health and the environment due to greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, renewable energy sources are becoming an increasingly attractive option to close the world's energy supply gap and reduce national greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, various factors preventing the spread of renewable energy technologies in Kazakhstan were reviewed. Low electricity tariffs in Kazakhstan prevents the development of renewable energy sources, transmission losses, and inefficient and old technologies, weak regulatory and legal frameworks, as well as high-risk business environments there are factors such as. The study suggested potential measures to overcome these obstacles

References

  • Biogas, Z. (2011). First biogas plant started energy production in Kazakhstan. http://zorg-biogas.com Erişim: 09.07.2018
  • BMZ (2017). Renewable Energies in Central Asia. Country Chapter: Republic of Kazakhstan. Germany Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Erişim: www.gtz.de
  • BP (2019). BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2019, https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2019-full-report.pdf Erişim: 13.01.2020
  • Dünya Bankası. (2020). World Bank Open Data. Available from: https://www. data.worldbank.org.
  • Enerdata. (2018). Global Enerji İstatistiği Yıllığı 2017. www.yearbook.enerdata.net
  • Energy Partner LLP (2014). Biomass and biogas in Kazakhstan report. Erişim: www.energypartner.kz
  • ERI (2015). “Kazakistan`da Yenilenebilir Enerji Potansiyeli Üzerine Değerlendirmeler”, Eurasian Research Institute, Weekly Analysis e-bulletin. http://www.ayu.edu.tr/static/aae_haftalik/aae_bulten_tr_22.pdf
  • Gómez, A., Dopazo, C., & Fueyo, N. (2014). The causes of the high energy intensity of the Kazakh economy: A characterization of its energy system. Energy, 71, 556-568.
  • IRENA (2019). Renewable Energy Statistics 2019., https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jul/Renewable-energy-statistics-2019 Erişim: 13.01.2020
  • Kaygusuz, K. (2012). Energy for sustainable development: A case of developing countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(2), 1116-1126.
  • Kazenergy (2018). National Energy Report. Kazakhstan Association of Oil-Gas and Energy Organizations 2017. Available at: http://kazenergy.com/
  • Kazinform Ajansı (2018). http://www.kazakistan.kz/kazakistan-gunes-enerjisine-yatirim-yapiyor/ Erişim: 09.08.2018
  • Karatayev, M., & Clarke, M. L. (2016). A review of current energy systems and green energy potential in Kazakhstan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 55, 491-504.
  • KEGOC, (2017). 2018-2030 jj. aralığındağı Qazaqstan BÉJ élektr énergïyası men qwatınıñ boljamdıq teñgerimi. (2018-2030 dönemi. Kazakistan'ın tahmini elektrik gücü ve kapasitesi). https://www.kegoc.kz
  • KEGOC (2019). Regular review of electric balance and energy efficiency in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan Electricity Grid Operating Company 2018. Available at: www.kegoc.kz
  • NRGI (2017). Kazakhstan report. Natural Resource Governance Institute 2017. Erişim: www.resourcegovernance.org
  • Oprisan, M. (2011). Prospects for coal and clean coal technologies in Kazakhstan. IEA Clean Coal Centre.
  • REN21, (2019). Renewables 2019 Global Status Report, https://www.ren21.net/gsr-2019/ Date of access: 15.01.2020
  • Syzdykova, A., Tanrıöven C., (2018). Petrol Fiyatlarının Kazakistan’daki Makroekonomik Aktiviteler Üzerindeki Etkisi, 3rd Internatıonal Congress on Economics, Finance and Energy. Almaty/Kazakhstan.
  • UNDP (2017). Lessons learnt from the Kazakhstan: wind power market development initiative. United Nations Development Program Kazakhstan 2016. Available at: www.undp.kz
  • USDA (2018). Kazakhstan: Agriculture Overview. https://www.fas.usda.gov/regions/kazakhstan Erişim: 17.11.2018
  • Wilkins, G. (2010). Technology transfer for renewable energy. Routledge.
  • WNA (2014). Russia helps Kazakh nuclear power plants. World Nuclear Association 2014. Erişim: www.world-nuclear-news.org
  • WNA (2017). Kazakhstan: Facts and figures. World Nuclear Association 2017. London. UK. Erişim: www.world-nuclear.org
  • Yılmaz, M. (2012). Türkiye’nin enerji potansiyeli ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının elektrik enerjisi üretimi açısından önemi. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 33-54.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Aziza Syzdykova 0000-0002-1377-0026

Publication Date April 25, 2020
Submission Date March 6, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 2 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Syzdykova, A. (2020). Kazakistan’ın Yenilenebilir Enerji Potansiyeli. Ekonomi İşletme Ve Maliye Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(1), 79-88. https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.699911