Tanker Gemilerinin Yük Operasyonlarındaki Risklerinin Analizi ve Yönetimi

Year 2025, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 89 - 112, 30.08.2025

Murat Yorulmaz , Mehmet Arif Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.38009/ekimad.1594654

Abstract

Enerji kaynaklarının emniyetli, düzenli bir şekilde denizyoluyla taşınması ve endüstriyel ihtiyaçların karşılanması, uluslararası ticaretin sürdürülmesi, ekonomik kalkınmanın desteklenmesi ve ülkelerin enerji güvenliğinin sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Tanker gemileri, enerji kaynaklarının deniz yoluyla güvenli şekilde taşınmasında ve endüstriyel taleplerin zamanında karşılanmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ancak tanker gemilerinde gerçekleştirilen yükleme, tahliye, taşıma vb. operasyonlar ciddi riskler barındırmaktadır. Bu kapsamda bu çalışmanın amacı, tanker gemilerindeki yük operasyonlarının risklerini belirlemek, bu riskleri Fine Kinney yöntemiyle analiz ederek derecelendirmek ve yönetsel düzeyde önleyici önerilerde bulunmaktır. Literatür taraması yapılarak tanker gemilerinde yük operasyonları ile ilgili beş temel risk tanımlanmış ve her biri olasılık, maruziyet sıklığı ve şiddet kriterlerine göre değerlendirilmiş ve en etkili riskler risk skorlarına göre düzenlenmiştir. En yüksek risk skoruna sahip olan risk “tankerin batması” (1000 risk skoru) olup, bu risk tolere edilemez/çok yüksek risk seviyesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Batma riski için düzenli bakım, periyodik denetimler ve acil durum senaryoları gibi önlemler önerilmiştir. En düşük risk skoruna sahip olan risk “uygunsuz/ağır hava şartlarına maruz kalma” (100 risk skoru) olup önemli risk seviyesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu risk için gemi güvenlik planları, fiziksel güvenlik önlemleri, güncel hava tahminlerinin izlenmesi ve mürettebatın eğitimi gibi önlemler alınması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Deniz Taşımacılığı , Tanker Gemileri , Risk Analizi , Fine Kinney

Analysis and Management of Risks in Cargo Operations of Tanker Ships

Abstract

The safe and orderly maritime transportation of energy resources and meeting industrial needs is crucial for sustaining international trade, supporting economic development and ensuring the energy security of countries. Tanker ships have an important role in the safe transportation of energy resources by sea and in meeting industrial demands in a timely manner. However, loading, unloading, transportation, etc. operations carried out on tanker ships involve serious risks. In this context, the aim of this study is to identify the risks of load operations on tanker ships, to analyze and rank these risks with Fine Kinney method and to make preventive suggestions at managerial level. Five main risks related to load operations on tanker ships were identified through a literature review and each risk was evaluated according to probability, exposure frequency and severity criteria and the most effective risks were organized according to risk scores. The risk with the highest risk score was “sinking of the tanker” (risk score of 1000), which was assessed as intolerable/very high risk. Measures such as regular maintenance, periodic inspections and emergency scenarios have been proposed for sinking risk. The risk with the lowest risk score was “exposure to inappropriate/severe weather conditions” (risk score of 100), which was assessed as a significant risk. This risk requires measures such as ship safety plans, physical security measures, monitoring of current weather forecasts and crew training.

Keywords

Maritime Transportation , Tanker Ships , Risk Analysis , Fine Kinney

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