Maslow’un İhtiyaçlar Hiyerarşisinin En Son Düzeyleri: Kendini Gerçekleştirme ve Kendini Aşmışlık

Öz

Koltko-Rivera’nın (2006) çalışmasına göre Maslow’un hayatının son dönemlerinde “kendini
aşmışlık” adı altında yeni bir ihtiyaç seviyesini dile getirmiştir. Psikolojik gelişim açısından
fenomenolojik yapıya ait Maslow’un ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisinin en üst seviyesini temsil eden “kendini
aşmışlık” düzeyi ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisinin bir parçası olup bireyin hem içsel hem de dışsal gelişim
süreçlerini gösterir. Örneğin bağımsızlık, kendini gerçekleştirme, kimlik başarısı ve etkili sosyal bağ
kurma “kendini aşmışlığın” bir ürünüdür. İlgili alanda “kendini aşmışlık” kavramını Türkçe dilinde
ifade eden bu çalışma ilk olmaktadır. Bunun yanında günümüzde yapılan çalışmalardaki etkinliği
olan kültürel ve bireyselleşme faktörlerinin kendini gerçekleştirme ve “kendini aşmışlık”
düzeylerinde farklılık gösterebileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, “kendini aşmışlık”
düzeyine dair ölçek ve testlerin geliştirilmesinin faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir. Özellikle bireyle
doğrudan ilişkisi olan eğitim, psikolojik ve rehberlik alanların bu yeni ihtiyaç seviyesini dikkate
alarak bireylere uygulanan eğitim, psikoloji ve rehberlik hizmetlerinin güncellenmesinin daha
faydalı olacağı umulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maslow,fenomenolojik kuram,ihtiyaçlar hiyerarşisi,kendini gerçekleştirme,kendini aşmışlık

The Highest Levels of Maslow’s Hierarchical Needs: Self-actualization and Selftranscendence

Abstract

According to the study of Koltko-Rivera (2006), Maslow, toward the end of his life, highlighted a new stage of needs in the name of self-transcendence The level of “selftranscendence” representing the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchical needs in phenomenological structure for psychological aspect, indicates both intrinsic and extrinsic developmental process of individual. For instance, independence, self-actualization, identity achievement and effective social connection are the products of “self-transcendence”. This study is the first in related field to literally express the statement of self-transcendence in Turkish language. Besides, it was evaluated the cultural and individualized factors of recent studies might present differences in the area of selfactualization and self-transcendence. Thus, it was considered to develop tests and scales related to
the level of self-transcendence. Specifically, hoping to be more beneficial to update the services
given in the field of education, psychology and counselling by considering the new needs of individual.

Keywords

• Maslow,phenomenological approach,hierarchical needs,self-actualization,selftranscendence

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