The importance of host weed species for root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Göldi, 1897 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) in banana plantations

Abstract

Banana is a significant economic source in Türkiye. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp. Göldi, 1897 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) are the important pests in banana fields. This study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 to elucidate the relationship between root-knot nematodes and weed species in bananas in the Mediterranean Region. 2% of the banana production area in Adana, Antalya, Hatay and Mersin were surveyed regularly for this purpose. 1m2 frames were placed within a 2m radius around banana plants in the sampled areas. The host of root-knot nematodes with weed species identified within the frames was examined. Survey results indicated that Amaranthus retroflexus L. (46.34%), Portulaca oleracea L. (40.63%), and Solanum nigrum L. (37.84%) were the weed species most infected with root-knot nematodes. Furthermore, molecular analyses revealed that Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Amaranthus spp., Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton, Kickxia commutata (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Fritsch, Malva spp., Mercurialis annua L., P. oleracea, S. nigrum, and Sonchus oleraceus L. were suitable hosts for root-knot nematodes. This study is an important step in understanding the interaction between root-knot nematodes and weeds in banana. The presence of weed species in agricultural fields should be considered as they may support nematode populations and pose a threat to subsequent crops. Therefore, the implementation of weed control strategies could help producers to control nematode populations.

Keywords

• Banana
• infection
• Mediterranean basin
• molecular
• nematode-weed relationship

Muz üretim plantasyonlarında kök-ur nematodları, Meloidogyne spp. Göldi, 1897 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) için konukçu yabancı ot türlerinin önemi

Öz

Muz yetiştiriciliği Türkiye'de ekonomik açıdan önemli bir gelir kaynağıdır. Muz alanlarında kök-ur nematodları, Meloidogyne spp. Göldi, 1897 (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) ise ana zararlıları konumundadır. Akdeniz Bölgesi'nde muz üretiminde kök-ur nematodları ile yabancı ot türleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak amacıyla 2021-2022 yılları arası planlanan bu çalışmada, periyodik çıkışlarla muz üretim alanlarının %2’si (Adana, Antalya, Hatay ve Mersin) gezilmiştir. Örnekleme yapılan alanlarda dikilen muz bitkilerinin 2m‘lik çap çevresine 1m2’lik çerçeveler atılmıştır. Çerçeve içerisinde saptanan yabancı ot türlerinin kök-ur nematodlarıyla olan konukçuluk durumu incelenmiştir. Sürveyler sonunda Amaranthus retroflexus L. (46.34%), Portulaca oleracea L. (40.63%) ve Solanum nigrum L. (37.84%) türlerinin en fazla kök-ur nematoduyla bulaşık olduğu belirlenmiştir. Dahası moleküler yöntemlerle yapılan analizlerde Abutilon theophrasti Medik., Amaranthus spp., Cucumis melo var. agrestis Naudin., Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Hér. ex Aiton, Kickxia commutata (Bernh. ex Rchb.) Fritsch, Malva spp., Mercurialis annua L., P. oleracea, S. nigrum ve Sonchus oleraceus L. türlerinin kök-ur nematodları için uygun konukçular olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma muz üretiminde kök-ur nematodları ile yabancı otlar arasındaki etkileşimi anlamak için önemli bir adımdır. Tarım alanlarında yabancı ot türlerinin bulunması nematod popülasyonlarının yaşamlarını sürdürebileceği ve bir sonraki kültür bitkilerine zarar verebileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Bu açıdan nematod popülasyonlarını kontrol altına almada, yabancı ot mücadele stratejilerini uygulamaları konusunda üreticilere rehberlik edebileceği söylenebilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Muz
• bulaşma durumu
• Akdeniz havzası
• moleküler
• nematod-yabancı ot ilişkisi

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