Investigation of insecticide residues in the soil of agricultural areas and around water resources and associated risk assessment

Abstract

Pesticides are the important contaminants for the environment. In this study, insecticide residues of the soils, taken from agricultural lands and around water resources in the Çanakkale-Central district were investigated. The Quick-Easy-Cheap-Efficient-Rugged-Safe (QuEChERS) method was employed to determine residues. Method verification was performed by spiking blank samples at 1 and 8 times the limit of quantification. 54 soil samples were taken from study area in 2020 and subjected to residue analyses. Of these samples, 44 had insecticides at various concentrations. Twenty insecticides were detected at various frequencies. Insecticide residue levels were between 1.01 and 760.01 µg/kg. Maximum etoxazole was detected as 760.01 µg/kg in one sample. This sample was sampled from the nearby fields where wastes were seen. In addition, 17 insecticides were found at various concentrations in the same sample. Risk assessments revealed low hazard for children and adults. In terms of hazard quotient (HQ) levels, maximum values were encountered for pyridaben (445.00*10-7 for children and 59.33*10-7 for adults). The sum of HQs for all insecticides was 1310.00*10-7 for children and 174.67*10-7 for adults. It was concluded that farmers should be encouraged to use insecticides with low HQ values to mitigate soil contamination in places where insecticides are detected.

Keywords

• Hazard quotient
• health risk assessment
• neonicotinoid
• persistence of insecticide

Tarımsal alanlar ve su kaynakları çevresindeki topraklarda insektisit kalıntılarının araştırılması ve ilgili risk değerlendirmesi

Öz

Pestisitler çevre için önemli kirleticilerdir. Bu çalışmada Çanakkale-Merkez ilçedeki tarımsal alanlardan ve su kaynakları çevresinden alınan topraklarda insektisit kalıntıları araştırılmıştır. Kalıntıları belirlemek için Hızlı-Kolay-Ucuz-Etkili-Sağlam-Güvenli (QuEChERS) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Metot doğrulaması, hesaplama limitinin 1 ve 8 katı seviyelerinde pestisit standardı eklenmesi ile yapılmıştır. Çalışma alanlarından 2020 yılında 54 toprak örneği alınmış ve kalıntı analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Bu örneklerden 44'ü çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda insektisit kalıntısı içermiştir. Farklı sıklıklarda 20 insektisit tespit edilmiştir. İnsektisit kalıntı seviyeleri 1.01 ila 760.01 µg/kg arasında değişmektedir. Maksimum etoxazole bir örnekte 760.01 µg/kg olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu örnek pestisit atıklarının görüldüğü tarlaların yakınından alınmıştır. Ayrıca, aynı numunede çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda 17 insektisit bulunmuştur. Risk değerlendirmeleri, çocuklar ve yetişkinler için düşük düzeyde tehlike ortaya koymuştur. Tehlike katsayısı (HQ) seviyeleri açısından, pyridaben için maksimum değerlere rastlanmıştır (çocuklar için 445.00*10-7 ve yetişkinler için 59.33*10-7). Tüm insektisitler için toplam HQ değerleri çocuklar için 1310.00*10-7 ve yetişkinler için 174.67*10-7'dir. İnsektisit tespit edilen yerlerde toprak kirliliğini azaltmak için çiftçilerin düşük HQ değerlerine sahip insektisitlerin kullanmaya teşvik edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tehlike katsayısı
• sağlık risk değerlendirmesi
• neonikotinoid
• insektisit kalıcılığı

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