Blattella germanica (L., 1767) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)’da thiamethoxam toksisitesine karşı asetilkolinesteraz ve glutatyon S-transferaz enzim aktivitelerinin tepkileri

Abstract

Hamam böcekleri birçok hastalık etkeninin vektörü olan önemli zararlılar olup, insektisitlerin bilinçsiz kullanımı bu türlerde geniş çaplı direnç gelişimine neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 2023-2024 yılları arasında at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi’nde yürütülmüş olup, thiamethoxam’ın Alman hamamböceği, Blattella germanica (L., 1767) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) popülasyonları üzerindeki toksik etkilerini belirlemeyi ve asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ile glutatyon S-transferaz (GST) enzimlerinin tepkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Saha popülasyonları (Dokuma, Konyaaltı ve Ahatlı), duyarlı WHO suşuna kıyasla thiamethoxam’a karşı 1.88-3.24 kat arasında değişen düşük düzeyde direnç göstermiştir. WHO grubu, thiamethoxam maruziyeti öncesi ve sonrası AChE aktivitesi bakımından saha gruplarına göre en düşük değeri sergilemiştir (p<0.05). AChE aktivitesinde en belirgin azalma %25 ile WHO grubunda gözlenirken, Ahatlı grubunda bu azalma daha sınırlı olup %13 seviyesinde kalmıştır. Duyarlı WHO suşunda GST aktivitesi saha suşlarına göre daha düşük bulunmuş ve fark anlamlıdır. Thiamethoxam uygulanan Dokuma ve Konyaaltı gruplarında GST aktivitesinde en yüksek değişim (%44) gözlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, thiamethoxam uygulaması sonrasında en yüksek GST aktivitesi Ahatlı grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Temel bileşen analizi (PCA) ve Hiyerarşik kümeleme analizi (HCA), WHO grubunun biyokimyasal olarak en farklı grup olduğunu doğrulamıştır. Enzimatik biyobelirteçlerin analiz edilmesi, thiamethoxam’ın toksikodinamik özelliklerine dair daha kapsamlı bir anlayışa katkı sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

• Asetilkolinesteraz
• Alman hamam böceği
• glutatyon-S-transferaz
• direnç
• thiamethoxam

Responses of acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferases activities to thiamethoxam toxicity in Blattella germanica (L., 1767) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae)

Abstract

Cockroaches are significant pests that act as vectors for many disease agents, and the indiscriminate use of insecticides has led to widespread resistance development in these species. This study, conducted at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University between 2023 and 2024, aimed to determine the toxic effects of thiamethoxam on German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L., 1767) (Blattodea: Ectobiidae) populations and to investigate the responses of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutathione S-transferase (GST). The field populations (Dokuma, Konyaaltı, and Ahatlı) generally exhibited low levels of resistance to thiamethoxam at a range of 1.88-3.24-fold compared to the susceptible World Health Organization (WHO) strain. The WHO group showed the lowest AChE activity before and after thiamethoxam exposure compared to the field groups (p<0.05). The most significant decrease in AChE activity was observed in the WHO group at 25%, while the decrease in the Ahatlı group was more limited, remaining at 13%. GST activity in the susceptible WHO strain was lower than that of field strains, and the difference was significant. Thiamethoxam-treated Dokuma and Konyaaltı groups exhibited the highest GST activity alterations (44%). However, Ahatlı showed the highest GST activity after the thiamethoxam administration. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) confirmed the WHO groups were most biochemically differentiated. Analyzing enzymatic biomarkers contributes to more comprehensive insights into the toxicodynamic characteristics of thiamethoxam.

Keywords

• Acetylcholinesterase
• German cockroach
• glutathione-S-transferase
• resistance
• thiamethoxam

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