Manisa (Türkiye) bağ alanlarında asma unlubiti Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae)’un çiftleşmeyi engelleme metodu ile kontrolü

Öz

Asma unlubiti Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) Türkiye bağ alanlarında önemli zararlı bir türdür. Zararlıyla mücadelede genellikle pestisitler kullanılmaktadır. Ancak P. ficus’un gizli korunaklı alanlarda yaşamını sürdürmesi, kabuk altı dokuda bulunması, vücudunun mumsu tabaka ile kaplı olması ve insektisitlerin doğru zamanda uygulanmamasına bağlı olarak mücadelede istenilen sonuçlar alınamamaktadır. Bu sebeple alternatif mücadele metotları P. ficus’a karşı mücadelede daha etkili olabilmektedir. Çiftleşme engelleme (ÇE), P. ficus için ticari olarak mevcut ve çevre dostu bir kontrol yöntemidir. Bu çalışma Türkiye’deki bağ alanlarının yaklaşık %30’una sahip olan Ege Bölgesi’nde yürütülmüştür. Denemeler çiftleşmeyi engelleme parseli ve kontrol olmak üzere 3 yıl boyunca Manisa ili bağlarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada püskürtülebilir mikroenkapsül çiftleşmeyi engelleme feromonu (Check-Mate VMB- F) geniş alan deneme deseni kullanılarak, her yıl 12.4-74.4 g aktif içerik/ha olacak şekilde uygulanmıştır. Çiftleşmeyi engelleme parselinde, eşeysel çekici tuzaklarda kaydedilen birey sayısı ve salkımlardaki zarar oranı kontrole göre oldukça düşük kaydedilmiştir. 2019, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında salkımlardaki zarar oranı çiftleşmeyi engelleme parselinde sırasıyla %12.3, %3 ve %2.3 olarak kaydedilirken, kontrol parselinde sırasıyla %56, %37 ve %41 olmuştur. Planococcus ficus’a karşı yapılan 3 yıllık çalışmanın sonucu, çiftleşmeyi engelleme metodunun Ege Bölgesi bağ alanlarında P. ficus mücadelesinde güvenle kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Biyoteknik metot
• izleme tuzakları
• semiokimyasallar
• sürdürülebilir tarım
• bağ zararlıları

Mating disruption method to control vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) in Manisa (Türkiye) vineyards

Abstract

Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is considered as an important pest of vineyards in Türkiye. Control methods for P. ficus worldwide are often based on using insecticides. However, due to the cryptic lifestyle of P. ficus, reasons such as its presence under the bark, its body being covered with a waxy layer, and the inappropriate timing of insecticide use often cause insecticides to fail to perform as expected. Therefore, using alternative pest control methods can be more effective in P. ficus management. Mating disruption (MD) is a commercially available and environmentally sustainable control method for P. ficus. This study was conducted in the Aegean Region, which covers a total of 30% of Türkiye’s grape production areas. Field trials were conducted in Manisa, over 3 years by monitoring the mealybug population in table grape vineyards managed with MD and in a control (Non-MD) plot. In this study, pheromone- based mating disruption was applied in an open-field design using a sprayable microencapsulated pheromone (Check-Mate VMB- F) at 12.4-74.4 g of active ingredients per ha through the season. Trap catches and bunch damage in the MD plot were far lower than in the Non-MD plot. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, crop damage rates were 12.3%, 3%, and 2.3% in the MD plot, respectively, while they were 56%, 37%, and 41% in the Non-MD plot. The results of the 3-year study have shown that MD can be used safely in integrated pest management to control vine mealybug in the vineyards of the Aegean region.

Keywords

• Biotechnical method
• monitor trap
• semiochemicals
• sustainable agriculture
• vineyard pests

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