Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898) in durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf): Impacts on some seed characteristics and marketing price

Abstract

This study investigated the influence of khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898, Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on weight, grain quality and marketing price losses in various durum wheat cultivars stored in controlled conditions in laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture at Harran University. Experiment was conducted from 13 January to 4 September 2015. Durum wheat cultivars, Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Zühre, Artuklu, Güney Yıldızı, Fırat-93, Aydın-93, Sarıçanak-98, Eyyübi and Altıntoprak-98, were infested by three different young larval stages. Three samples (80 g) of grain from each cultivar were put into 250-mL glass jars covered with the muslin cloth with the rubber bands and 5, 10 or 15 neonates khapra beetle larvae added. A randomized complete block design with 3 replicates was employed for grain weight losses and a split plot design with 4 replicates (purchasers) was employed for marketing price losses. Grain weight, marketing price and grain quality losses were recorded. The result revealed that geometric mean of weight loss was 4.075% in about 8 months. There were response differences between wheat cultivars against khapra beetle infestation. Except for Zeleny sedimentation, some of quality characteristics such as 1000 kernel weight (g), gluten (%) and gluten index (%) were affected negatively depending on increasing ratio of insect infestations. Geometric means of marketing prices reduced from 418 to 315 USD t^-1 in 8 months. Marketing price loss was 103 USD t^-1. It was concluded that Fırat-93, Zühre and Altıntoprak-98 were the cultivars least affected by khapra beetle with less weight and marketing price losses.

Keywords

• Durum wheat,khapra beetle damage,marketing price,weight and quality loss

Makarnalık buğdayda (Triticum durum Desf) kapra böceği (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898): Bazı tane özellikleri ve pazarlama fiyatlarına etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada laboratuvar koşullarında depolanmış bazı makarnalık buğday çeşitlerinde khapra böceği (Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898, Coleoptera: Dermestidae)’nin yaptığı ağırlık, kalite ve pazarlama fiyatları kayıpları incelenmiştir. Çalışma Harran Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Tarla Bölümü Laboratuvarı’nda 13 Ocak- 4 Eylül 2015 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Şahinbey, Diyarbakır-81, Zühre, Artuklu, Güney Yıldızı, Fırat-93, Aydın-93, Sarıçanak-98, Eyyübi ve Altıntoprak-98 makarnalık buğday çeşitlerine genç larvalar üç farklı sayıda bulaştırılmıştır. Her bir çeşide ait 3 adet (80 gr) örnek içlerine 5,10 ve 15 adet genç khapra böceği larvası yerleştirilerek 250-mL’lik cam kavanozlara konulmuş ve ağzı lastik bantlı tülbent bezi ile örtülmüştür. Deneme ağırlık ve kalite kayıpları için tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekerrürlü (larva seviyeleri) olarak yürütülmüştür. Pazarlama fiyatları için ise bölünmüş parseller (çeşitler ana parsel, larva bulaşma oranları alt parsel) deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü (borsadaki alıcılar) olarak yürütülmüştür. Dane ağırlığı, pazarlama fiyatı ve dane kalite kayıpları kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre 8 ayda tane ağırlık kayıplarının geometrik ortalaması %4.075 olmuştur. Çeşitler arasında khapra zararına karşı farklı tepki olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Zeleny sedimentasyon değeri dışında, 1000 dane ağırlığı (g), gluten (%) ve gluten indeks (%) değerleri larva bulaşma oranı arttıkça olumsuz yönde etkilenmiştir. 8 ayda khapra’ya bağlı pazarlama fiyatları 418 USD t^-1’dan 315 USD t^-1’a düşmüştür. Pazarlama fiyatı kaybı 103 USD t^-1 olmuştur. Fırat-93, Zühre ve Altıntoprak-98 çeşitleri pazarlama fiyatı azalışı ve ağırlık kaybı yönünden khapra zararından en az etkilenen çeşitler olmuşlardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Makarnalık buğday,khapra böceği zararı,pazarlama fiyatları,ağırlık ve kalite kaybı

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