Contact toxicities of some plant extracts in Apiaceae family on different developmental stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

The contact toxicities of extracts of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.), cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.), dill (Anethum graveolens) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) plants, included in the Apiaceae, prepared with water on different stages of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836, were studied. The study was conducted in a laboratory and insect breeding rooms between in 2015-2016. Leaf disc - spray tower method was used for the purpose of determining toxic effects of the plant extracts. The effect of plant extracts on adult and protonymphs stages of T. urticae were determined. Also, the effects of plant extracts were determined on the hatching of T. urticae eggs. Four different concentration of extracts were tested;1, 3, 6 and 12%. The experiments consisted of one control and four replicates for each concentration. Fifteen individuals were included in each repeat. Dead-live counts were made 1, 3 and 6 days after treatment to determine contact effects of the extracts. It was found that the contact effects of plant extracts on T. urticae adult and protonymphs increased with rising concentration, caused 100% death on T. urticae adults and nymphs at 12% after 6 days. Also, the greatest effect on T. urticae egg hatching was in dill extracts with mortality of over 91%. It is considered that these plant extracts may constitute an alternative acaricides for control T. urticae.    

Keywords

• Apiaceae,plant extracts,Tetranychus urticae,toxicity

Apiaceae familyasındaki bazı bitki ekstraktlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)'nin farklı gelişme dönemleri üzerine kontakt toksisiteleri

Abstract

Apiaceae familyası içerisinde yer alan anason (Pimpinella anisum L.), dere otu (Anethum graveolens), kimyon (Cuminum cyminum L.), kişniş (Coriandrum sativum L.) ve rezene (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) bitkilerinin su ile hazırlanan ekstraktlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836' nin farklı dönemleri üzerinde değme yoluyla toksisiteleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışma 2015-2016 yılları arasında laboratuvar ve böcek üretim odalarında yürütülmüştür. Bitki ekstraktlarının zehir etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla, yaprak disk-ilaçlama kulesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarda bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae' nin ergin ve protonimf dönemlerine etkisi belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae’ nin yumurta açılımı üzerine olan etkileri de belirlenmiştir. Bitki ekstraktlarının %1, 3, 6, 12 olmak üzere dört farklı konsantrasyonu kullanılmıştır. Denemeler bir kontrol ve her konsantrasyon için dört tekerrür olarak yürütülmüştür. Her tekerrürde 15 birey kullanılmıştır. Bitki ekstraktlarının kontakt etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla ölü-canlı sayımları 1, 3 ve 6. günlerde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae ergin ve nimfleri üzerindeki kontakt etkilerinin konsantrasyon miktarı artışına bağlı olarak yükseldiği, altıncı gün sayım sonuçlarına göre bitki ekstraktlarının %12 konsantrasyonunda T. urticae ergin ve protonimflerinde %100 ölüme neden olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca T. urticae yumurta açılımı üzerinde en yüksek etki %91 ile dere otu ekstraktında belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, kullanılan bitki ekstraktlarının T. urticae ile mücadelede sentetik akarisitlere alternatif oluşturabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Apiaceae,bitki ekstraktı,Tetranychus urticae,toksisite

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