Attraction responses of ladybird beetle Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) to single and binary mixture of synthetic herbivore-induced plant volatiles in laboratory tests

Abstract

The chemoreception response of an aphidophagous coccinellid predators [Hippodamia variegate (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)] to the odors from four different synthetic HIPVs [methyl salicylate (MeSA), (E)-2-hexenal (E(2)H), farnesene (F) and benzaldehyde (Be)] was tested using two different doses (0.001 and 1 g/L) of the HIPVs, both alone and in five binary combinations [MeSA+F, MeSA+E(2)H, MeSA+Be, E(2)H+F and Be+F]. Insect responses were evaluated using two-choice experiments with a Y-tube olfactometer in laboratory conditions. The low single dose of MeSA attracted significantly more adults of H. variegata (71%) towards tubes containing the volatile source compared with the control volatile containing pure n-hexane. Adults of H. variegata did not significantly prefer single forms of either Be, E(2)H or F compared with MeSA alone. Additionally, this study showed that binary blends of MeSA with Be or F had significantly more attractiveness for H. variegata adults than controls. Thus, the compounds, Be and F, used together with MeSA were observed to increase adult attraction. In the future, additional studies that monitor the preferences of field populations of these predators treated with the attractive HIPV combinations should be conducted to confirm these findings.

Keywords

• Attraction,biological control,Hippodamia variegata,predator,synthetic HIPV,Y-tube olfactometer

Laboratuvar koşullarında zararlılar tarafından teşvik edilen sentetik bitki kokularının tekli ve ikili karışımlarına uğurböceği Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)’nın yönelim cevabı

Abstract

Yaprakbiti avcısı coccinellid türü Hippodamia variegata (Goeze, 1777) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)’nın zararlılar tarafından teşvik edilen (HIPV) kokularının dört farklı sentetik formunun [methyl salicylate (MeSA), (E)-2-hexenal (E(2)H), farnesene (F) ve benzaldehyde (Be)] tek başına ve ikili kombinasyonlarının [MeSA+F, MeSA+E(2)H, MeSA+Be, E(2)H+F ve Be+F] iki farklı dozuna (0.001 ve 1 g/L) olan kimyasal algılama cevapları test edilmiştir. Böceğin cevapları laboratuvar koşullarında iki seçenekli Y-tüp olfaktometre ile değerlendirilmiştir. Kontrol olarak kullanılan saf hekzana göre, MeSA’nın düşük dozu önemli bir şekilde daha fazla H. variegata erginini (%71) cezbetmiştir. Ayrıca, H. variegata erginleri Be, E(2)H ve F’nin tekli kombinasyonları ile önemli düzeyde cezbedilememiştir. Diğer taraftan, MeSA’nın Be ve F ile ikili kombinasyonlarının kontrole göre önemli bir şekilde daha fazla H. variegata dişisini çektiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu bileşikler (Be ve F) MeSA ile birlikte kullanıldığında erginlerin cezbedilmesini arttırmışlardır. Gelecekte, bu bulguların desteklenmesi için bu avcı böceğin arazi koşullarında cezbedildiği kokulara yöneliminin izleneceği ek çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Çekicilik,biyolojik mücadele,Hippodamia variegata,avcı,sentetik HIPVler,Y-tüp olfactometre

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