Integrated management of Mi-1 virulent Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) in greenhouse tomatoes

Abstract

The Mi-1gene in tomato provides a safe and economical strategy for managing root-knot nematodes (RKN). However, the resistance conferred by the Mi-1 gene is not effective against virulent populations of RKNs. In this study, the efficacy of combining the dose effect of the Mi-1gene with Bacillus firmus Bredemann & Wermer, 1933 (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) + fluopyram against Mi-1-virulent Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) after soil solarization was assessed for tomatoes grown in a greenhouse. The study was conducted in a greenhouse in Kepez, Antalya between 2015 and 2016. The second-stage juveniles M. incognita were not detected in the soil for 2 months after solarization completed. The reactions of homozygous or heterozygous resistant tomato plants against Mi-1-virulent populations were not statistically different under greenhouse conditions. Furthermore, B. firmus + fluopyram controlled the RKN population when applied to the soil both during the planting period and when J2 count in the soil started to increase. This study suggests that the soil solarization should be combined with other management methods, and the dose effect of the Mi-1 gene is not important against virulent RKN populations. Additionally, combined B. firmus+ fluopyram have the potential to be used as a suitable management tool for RKN control in tomato production. These findings will help improve integrated management practices for controlling Mi-1-virulent RKN populations.

Keywords

• Management,Mi-1 gene,root-knot nematode,solarization,tomato,virulent

Örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde Mi-1 virülent Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)’ya karşı entegre mücadele

Öz

Domatesteki Mi-1geni, kök-ur nematodları kontrol için güvenli ve ekonomik mücadele sağlamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Mi-1geninin sağladığı dayanıklılık virülent kök-ur nematodlarına karşı etkili değildir. Bu çalışmada, solarizasyon uygulamasından sonra serada yetiştirilen domatesler için Mi-1 virülent Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) popülasyonuna karşı Bacillus firmus Bredemann & Wermer, 1933 (Bacillales: Bacillaceae) + fluopyram kombinasyonları ile Mi-1geninin doz etkisinin kombinasyonunun etkinliği değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma 2015-2016 yılları arasında Antalya, Kepez bölgesindeki serada yürütülmüştür. Solarizasyon uygulamasından sonra toprakta iki ay boyunca M. incognita ikinci dönem larva tespit edilmemiştir. Sera koşullarında Mi-1virülent popülasyona karşı, homozigot-heterezigot dayanıklı domates bitkilerinin reaksiyonlarında istatistiksel farklılık olmamıştır. Ayrıca, B. firmus + fluopyram kombinasyonu, hem bitki dikim döneminde uygulandığında hem de toprakta J2 sayısı artmaya başladığı anda uygulandığında kök-ur nematod popülasyonunu kontrol altına almıştır. Bu çalışma, toprak solarizasyonunun diğer mücadele yöntemleriyle kombine edilebilir ve Mi-1 geninin doz etkisinin virülent kök-ur nematodlarına karşı önemli olmadığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca, B. firmus + fluopyram kombinasyonu, domates üretimlerinde kök-ur nematolarının kontrolünde uygun bir mücadele aracı olarak kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu bulgular, Mi-1 virülent kök-ur nematod popülasyonlarının kontrolü için entegre mücadele yöntemlerinin gelişmesine yardım edebilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mücadele,Mi-1 geni,kök-ur nematodları,solarizasyon,domates,virülent

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