Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi (Türkiye)’nde farklı depo tiplerinin Khapra böceğinin, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), bulaşıklığına olan etkisi ve zararlının malathion ve deltametrine olan direnci

Öz

Bu çalışma Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi’nde farklı depo tiplerinin Khapra böceğinin, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), bulaşıklığına olan etkisi ve zararlının malathion ve deltametrine olan direncini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bölgedeki beş ilden (Diyarbakır, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman ve Batman) farklı tahıl depo tiplerinden (metal silo, betonarme ve basit sıvasız) 2014-2016 yıllarında nisan-aralık ayları arasında sürveyler yapılmış ve toplam 355 depodan buğday örnekleri alınmıştır. Ayrıca, direnç çalışmaları için farklı depolardan 24 Khapra böceği popülasyonu toplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, iller ve depo tipleri Khapra böceği bulaşıklığına önemli derecede etki etmiştir. En yüksek bulaşıklık Mardin ilinde (%77.5), bunu takiben Şanlıurfa ilinde (%67.5) kayıt edilmiştir. Buna karşın en düşük Khapra böceği bulaşıklığı Diyarbakır (%43.4) ve Adıyaman (%44.1) ilinde kayıt edilmiştir. Depo tiplerine göre en yüksek bulaşıklık basit sıvasız depolarda (%80) belirlenmiş iken, en düşük bulaşıklık metal silolarda (%27.1) bulunmuştur. Direnç çalışmaları, Kapra böceğinin deltametrine karşı düşük düzeyde direnç geliştirdiği, buna karşın malathiona toleranslı olduğu göstermiştir. Deltametrin uygulanmış popülasyonların 4-10.7 kat direnç geliştirmiş olduğu, ancak malathion için bu rakamın 1.32-1.92 kat olduğu kayıt edilmiştir. Deltametrin için belirlenen yüksek direnç oranları, malathiona kıyasla bu insektisitin daha sık kullanımını ile ilgili olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bulaşıklık
• insektisit direnci
• depo tipleri
• sürvey
• Trogoderma granarium

Influence of different grain storage types on Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), infestation in southeastern Anatolia (Turkey) and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different storage types on the infestation of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granariumEverts, 1898 (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), and its resistance to malathion and deltamethrin in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. A total 355 various grain storage facilities (metalsilo, concrete wall and basic plasterless) were surveyed in five provinces, (Diyarbakır, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Adıyaman and Batman) during April-December in 2014-2016 and wheat grain samples were collected. Also, 24 populations of Khapra beetle were collected for bioassay studies. The provinces and storage types significantly influenced the infestation rate of Khapra beetle. The highest infestation of the beetle was recorded in Mardin (77.5%), followed by Şanlıurfa (67.5%). Whereas the lowest infestation observed was in Diyarbakır (43.4%) and Adıyaman (44.1%). For storage types, the highest infestation was observed in basic plasterless storage type (80.0%), while the lowest (27.1%) was noted for storage type of metalsilos. Bioassay studies indicated that Khapra beetle has evolved low resistance to deltamethrin, whereas it was tolerant to malathion. Resistance ratios of the populations exposed to deltamethrin were 4-10.7 times, while the ratios for malathion were 1.32-1.92 times. It is concluded that the higher resistance ratios for deltamethrin were linked to its frequent use compared to malathion.

Keywords

• Infestation
• insecticide resistance
• storage types
• survey
• Trogoderma granarium

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