Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae)’ye karşı üç bitkisel yağın akarisit, uzaklaştırıcı ve yumurta bırakma engelleyici özellikleri üzerine laboratuvar çalışması

Öz

Mor reyhan [Ocimum basilicum L. 1753 ‘Round Midnight’ (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)] yapraklarından su distilasyonuyla ve tesbih ağacı [Melia azedarach L., 1753 (Sapindales: Meliaceae)] tohumlarından soğuk presleme yöntemi ile elde edilen yağların ve karşılaştırma materyali olarak ticari bir neem yağı formülasyonun (Nimbecidine) [Azadirachta indica (A. Juss, 1830) (Sapindales: Meliaceae)], İkinoktalı kırmızıörümcek Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) üzerindeki biyolojik etkileri, yaprak diski üzerinde kuru kalıntı yöntemi kullanılarak Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi’nin laboratuvar koşullarında 2018-2019 yıllarında değerlendirilmiştir. Uygulamadan 72 saat sonra, Nimbecidine, tesbih ağacı ve mor reyhanın öldürücü konsantrasyonları (LC50 ve LC90) sırasıyla 0.8 ve 1.8 mg/L, %4.0 ve 6.9, %5.4 ve 11.7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Nimbecidine (1 mg/L), tesbih ağacı (%6) ve mor reyhanın (%8.4) belirlenen konsantrasyonlarının öldürücü zamanları (LT50 ve LT90) 64 ve 107 s, 41 ve 73 s, 65 ve 110 s olarak belirlenmiştir. Nimbecidine (0.125-0.75 mg/L), tesbih ağacı (%0.75-3) ve mor reyhanın (%0.7-1.4) öldürücü altı dozlarıyla ilaçlanan fasulye yaprak yüzeylerinden T. urticae dişilerinin güçlü bir şekilde kaçtıklarını göstermiştir. Nimbecidine (0.031-0.5 mg/L), tesbih ağacı (%0.75-3) ve mor reyhanın (%1.4-5.6) sublethal dozlarının uygulandığı yapraklarda akarların yumurta bırakma sayıları kontrole göre önemli şekilde azalmıştır. Bu çalışma tesbih ağacı ve mor reyhandan elde edilen yağların belirlenen konsantrasyonlarının neemin ticari formülasyonu olan Nimbecidine gibi biyolojik etkiler gösterebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akarisit
• biyolojik etki
• tesbih ağacı
• mor reyhan
• neem
• kırmızıörümcek

A laboratory study of the acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent effects of three botanical oils on Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

The biological activities of essential oil obtained from water distillation process of basil leaves [Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiales: Lamiaceae)] cv Round Midnight and crude oil obtained from the cold-pressed process of chinaberry tree seeds [Melia azedarach L. (Sapindales: Meliaceae)] and a commercial neem oil product (Nimbecidine) [Azadirachta indica (A. Juss, 1830) (Sapindales: Meliaceae)] were assessed against two-spotted spider mites, Tetranychus urticae (Koch, 1836) (Acari: Tetranychidae) using a residual method on leaf disc under laboratory conditions at Bursa Uludağ University during 2018-2019. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of Nimbecidine, chinaberry and basil oils were estimated as 0.8 and 1.8 mg/L, 4.0 and 6.9%, 5.4 and 11.7%, respectively, 72 h after treatment. The lethal times (LT50 and LT90) of Nimbecidine (1 mg/L), chinaberry (6%) and the basil (8.4%) were 64 and 107 h, 41 and 73 h, 65 and 110 h, respectively. The females had a strong aversion to bean leaf surfaces sprayed with the sublethal concentrations of Nimbecidine (0.125-0.75 mg/L), chinaberry (0.75-3%) and basil (0.7-1.4%) oils. Significant decreases were recorded in the number of eggs laid on bean leaves sprayed with the sublethal concentrations for Nimbecidine (0.031-0.5 mg/L), chinaberry (0.75-3%) and the basil (1.4-5.6%) oils compared with unsprayed bean leaves. The study showed that the assessed concentrations of the oils obtained from the basil and chinaberry compared to the commercial botanical product (Nimbecidine) have similar biological effects on T. urticae.

Keywords

• Acaricide
• biological effects
• chinaberry
• basil
• neem
• spider mite

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