Growth inhibitory effects of bio- and synthetic insecticides on Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

Abstract

The study aimed to found out the potential efficacy of some bio- and synthetic insecticides used against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in tomato greenhouses. Chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, metaflumizone, azadirachtin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis and B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin mixture were applied by spraying method on tomato leaf, which 5 third-stage larvae existed on. Distilled water was used as a control to compare with insecticides. Each of the applications was performed in six replications. The assessments were done at the 1, 3, 5 and 7 DAA (Days After Application) according to the number of live individuals and larval weight. Mean numbers of live metaflumizone-, azadirachtin-, Bacillus thuringiensis- and B. thuringiensis+azadirachtintreated larvae at the 7 DAA were recorded as 0.33, 1.17, 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Growth inhibition indexes of same larvae groups were 0.64, 0.17, 0.65 and 0.80, respectively. All individuals in chlorantraniliprole+abamectin-, emamectin benzoate- and spinosad-treated larvae were died at the 7 DAA. Growth inhibition indexes of these larvae groups were 0.97, 0.82 and 0.89, respectively. Pupations of metaflumizone-, azadirachtin-, Bacillus thuringiensis- and B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin-treated larvae were determined as 6.67, 20.0, 16.67 and 6.67 percent, respectively. Azadirachtin-treated larvae showed the success of adult emergence in the rate of 6.67%. However, none of the larvae treated with other insecticides could show the success of adult emergence. Mean weight of the control larvae group gradually decreased and also, the rate of pupation and adult emergence in this group were 56.67 and 50.00 percent. In addition, it was determined that B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin mixture constituted a synergistic effect on the pest

Keywords

• Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, Tuta absoluta

Biyo- ve sentetik insektisitlerin Tuta absoluta (Meyrick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya gelişme engelleyici etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)’ya karşı seralarda yaygın olarak kullanılan sentetik insektisitlerin ve biyo-insektisitlerin potansiyel etkinliği ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılmıştır. Denemede Chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, metaflumizone, azadirachtin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, Bacillus thuringiensis ve B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin karışımı üzerinde 5 adet üçüncü dönem larva bulunan domates yapraklarına püskürtme yöntemiyle uygulanmıştır. Kontrol uygulaması olarak da saf su kullanılmıştır. Her bir uygulama altı tekerrürlü olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Değerlendirmeler uygulamalardan sonraki 1., 3., 5. ve 7. günlerde canlı birey sayıları ve larva ağırlıkları üzerinden yapılmıştır. Metaflumizone, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis ve B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin ile muamele edilen larvaların canlılık oranları 7. gün sonunda sırasıyla 0,33, 1,17, 0,67 ve 0,33 olarak kaydedilmiştir. Aynı larvaların gelişme gerileme indeksi sırasıyla 0,64, 0,17, 0,65 ve 0,80’dir. Chlorantraniliprole+abamectin, emamectin benzoate ve spinosad ile muamele edilen larvaların tamamı 7. gün sonunda ölmüştür. Bu larvaların gelişme gerileme indeksi ise sırasıyla 0,97, 0,82 ve 0,89’dur. Metaflumizone, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis ve B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin ile muamele edilen larvaların pupa olma oranları sırasıyla %6,67, 20,0, 16,67 ve 6,67 olarak belirlenmiştir. Azadirachtin ile muamele edilen larvalar %6,67 oranında ergin olma başarısı gösterirken diğer insektisitler ile muamele edilen larvaların hiçbirisi ergin olma başarısı gösterememiştir. Kontrol grubundaki larvalarda ortalama ağırlık giderek azalmıştır. Ayrıca bu grupta ki larvaların pupa ve ergin olma oranları %56,67 ve %50,00 olarak bulunmuştur. Bunun yanı sıra B. thuringiensis+azadirachtin karışımının sinerjistik bir etki meydana getirdiği tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, emamectin benzoate, spinosad, Tuta absoluta

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