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Bazı bitkisel akarisitlerin mikroemülsiyon formülasyonlarının Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) ile beslenen Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)’nin fonksiyonel ve sayısal tepkilerine etkisi

Year 2025, Volume: 49 Issue: 3, 321 - 336, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1699684

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) dişileriyle beslenen Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae)'nin, botanik kökenli akarisitlerin (portakal yağı, neem yağı ve terpenoid karışımı) mikroemülsiyon formülasyonlarına ve mikrobiyal toksin kökenli bir akarisit olan milbemectine maruz kalma durumunda gösterdiği işlevsel ve sayısal tepkileri araştırmıştır. Bu çalışma Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi ve Adana Biyolojik Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsünde 2023-2024 deneme döneminde akarisitler patlıcan yaprakları uygulandıktan 168 saat sonra kontrollü laboratuvar koşullarında (%70±5 bağıl nem, 27±1°C sıcaklık ve 16 s ışık ve 8 saat karanlık) değerlendirilmiştir. Lojistik regresyon analizine göre, kontrol, portakal yağı, neem yağı ve terpenoid karışımı uygulamaları Tip II fonksiyonel tepki sergilerken, milbemectin uygulaması Tip III işlevsel tepkiye neden olmuştur. Amblyseius swirskii’nin saldırı oranı (α) ve avı yakalama süresi (Th), akarisit uygulamasına bağlı olarak anlamlı şekilde etkilenmiştir. Kontrol grubunda en yüksek saldırı oranı (1.03 sa.⁻¹) ve en uzun yakalama süresi (0.0272 sa.) gözlenmiştir. Mikromülsiyon botanik akarisitlerden portakal yağı (0.78 sa.⁻¹), neem yağı (0.63±0.05 sa.⁻¹) ve terpenoid karışımı (0.68 sa.⁻¹), saldırı oranı azaltmış ve yakalama süresini kısaltmıştır. Milbemectin ise en olumsuz etkiyi göstererek en düşük saldırı oranına (0.29 sa.⁻¹) neden olmuştur. Bu bulgular, botanik akarisitlerin mikroemülsiyon formülasyonlarının A. swirskii üzerinde milbemectine kıyasla daha az zararlı olduğunu ve entegre zararlı yönetimi (IPM) programlarına daha uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Supporting Institution

TAGEM, Türkiye, Grant Project No: TAGEM/BSAD/A/23/A2/P5/5807

Project Number

TAGEM Grant Project No: 5807

Thanks

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The research, which is the doctoral thesis of the first author, was funded by TAGEM under grant number TAGEM/BSAD/A/23/A2/P5/5807. We would like to thank Adana Biological Control Research Institute for providing laboratory facilities and giving opportunities to conduct research, and Nanomik Biotecnology Company for supplying the formulations for the biological tests.

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Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Year 2025, Volume: 49 Issue: 3, 321 - 336, 30.09.2025
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1699684

Abstract

This study investigated the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) when preying on females of Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae) under exposure to microemulsion formulations of a terpenoid blend, neem and orange oils compared to a microbial toxin acaricide, milbemectin. Acaricide applications were conducted on eggplant leaves, and their effects were assessed 168 h post-treatment under controlled laboratory conditions (70±5% RH, 27±1°C, and a 16 h light: 8 h dark) during the 2023-2024 experimental period in Bursa Uludag University and Adana Biological Control Research Institute. According to the logistic regression analysis, the control, orange oil, neem oil, and terpenoid blend treatments exhibited a Type II functional response, while milbemectin resulted in a Type III response. The attack rate and handling time of A. swirskii were significantly affected by treatment type. The control group exhibited the highest attack rate (1.03 h⁻¹) and the longest handling time (0.0272 h). Botanical acaricides, orange oil (0.78 h⁻¹), neem oil (0.63 h⁻¹), and the terpenoid blend (0.68 h⁻¹), reduced the attack rate and shortened handling time. Milbemectin had the most adverse effects, resulting in the lowest attack rate (0.29 h⁻¹). These findings suggest that microemulsion formulations of botanical acaricides are less disruptive to A. swirskii than milbemectin and may be better suited for incorporation into integrated pest management (IPM).

Ethical Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Supporting Institution

TAGEM, Türkiye, Grant Project No: TAGEM/BSAD/A/23/A2/P5/5807

Project Number

TAGEM Grant Project No: 5807

Thanks

The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The research, which is the doctoral thesis of the first author, was funded by TAGEM under grant number TAGEM/BSAD/A/23/A2/P5/5807. We would like to thank Adana Biological Control Research Institute for providing laboratory facilities and giving opportunities to conduct research, and Nanomik Biotecnology Company for supplying the formulations for the biological tests.

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There are 81 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Acarology in Agriculture, Entomology in Agriculture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gamze Mertoglu Boz 0009-0006-7232-9747

Nabi Alper Kumral 0000-0001-9442-483X

Project Number TAGEM Grant Project No: 5807
Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date May 15, 2025
Acceptance Date August 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 49 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mertoglu Boz, G., & Kumral, N. A. (2025). Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 49(3), 321-336. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1699684
AMA Mertoglu Boz G, Kumral NA. Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. September 2025;49(3):321-336. doi:10.16970/entoted.1699684
Chicago Mertoglu Boz, Gamze, and Nabi Alper Kumral. “Impact of Microemulsion Formulations of Selected Botanical Acaricides on the Functional and Numerical Responses of Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Feeding on Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 49, no. 3 (September 2025): 321-36. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1699684.
EndNote Mertoglu Boz G, Kumral NA (September 1, 2025) Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 49 3 321–336.
IEEE G. Mertoglu Boz and N. A. Kumral, “Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”, TED, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 321–336, 2025, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1699684.
ISNAD Mertoglu Boz, Gamze - Kumral, Nabi Alper. “Impact of Microemulsion Formulations of Selected Botanical Acaricides on the Functional and Numerical Responses of Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Feeding on Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 49/3 (September2025), 321-336. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1699684.
JAMA Mertoglu Boz G, Kumral NA. Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. 2025;49:321–336.
MLA Mertoglu Boz, Gamze and Nabi Alper Kumral. “Impact of Microemulsion Formulations of Selected Botanical Acaricides on the Functional and Numerical Responses of Amblyseius Swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Feeding on Tetranychus Urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 49, no. 3, 2025, pp. 321-36, doi:10.16970/entoted.1699684.
Vancouver Mertoglu Boz G, Kumral NA. Impact of microemulsion formulations of selected botanical acaricides on the functional and numerical responses of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, 1962 (Acari: Phytoseiidae) feeding on Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). TED. 2025;49(3):321-36.