Ratlarda Pentaklorofenol Zehirlenmesinde Nar Çekirdeği Yağının Lipid Peroksidasyonu ve Biyokimyasal Parametrelere Etkileri

Abstract

Çalışma Sprague-Dawley ırkı erkek sıçanlarda yapıldı. Çalışmada ilki kontrol olmak üzere 4 grup oluşturuldu. İkinci gruba 0.15ml/kg dozunda nar çekirdeği yağı (NÇY), üçüncü gruba 40mg/kg dozunda pentaklorofenol (PCP) ve dördüncü gruba 40mg/kg dozunda PCP+0.15ml/kg dozunda NÇY 28 gün boyunca gavaj ile uygulandı. Deneme sonunda eritrositte hemoglobin, katalaz ve glutasyon peroksidaz, nitrik oksit, malondialdehit, süperoksit dismutaz parametreleri; serumda 8-hidroksi-2-deoksi guanosin (8-OH-dG) ve biyokimyasal parametreleri incelendi. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada sıçanlara oral yoldan gavaj ile 40mg/kg uygulanan PCP’nin karaciğer hasarına, lipid peroksidasyonuna ve antioksidan enzim etkinliklerinde azalmaya yol açtığı; NÇY’nin PCP’nin istenmeyen etkileri üzerine koruyucu rolü olduğu belirlendi.

Keywords

• Lipid peroksidasyon,nar çekirdeği yağı,pentaklorofenol,rat

Effects of Pomegranate Seed Oil on Pentachlorophenol Toxicity Lipid Peroxidation and Some Biochemical Parameters in Rats

Abstract

In the study, Sprague-Dawley male rats were used and four groups were formed. The first group was held

as the control group. The second group was given 0.15 ml/kg pomegranate seed oil (PSO), the third group was given

40mg/kg pentachlorphenol (PCP) and, the forth group was given 40mg/kg PCP+0.15 ml/kg PSO during 28 days

as specified into stomach by gavages. At the end of the experiment, erythrocyte haemoglobin, catalase, glutathione

peroxidase, nitric oxide, blood serum 8-hidroksi-2-deoksi guanosin (8-OH-dG) and biochemical parameters were

analysed. As a result, 40mg/kg PCP applied by gavage, caused liver damage, lipid peroxidation and decreased the

anti-oxidant enzyme activity and 0.15ml/kg PSD applied for 28 days, had no negative effect on protein, oil and carbonhidrate

metabolism, had no toxic effect on liver and had no effect on lipid peroxidation. Overall, it’s determined

that pomegranate seed oil prevents the negative effects of the pentachlorophenol.

Keywords

• Lipid peroxidation,pentachlorophenol,pomegranate seed oil,rat

References

1. 1. Arao K, Wang YM, Inoue N, Hirata J, Cha JY, Nagao K, Yanagita T. Dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil rich in 9cis, 11trans, 13cis conjugated linolenic acid on lipid metabolism in obese, hyperlipidemic OLETF rats. Lipids Health Dis 2004; 9: 3-7.
2. 2. Aviram M, Volkova N, Raymond C, Dreher M, Reddy MK, Ferreira D, Rosenblat M. Pomegranate phenolics from the peels, arils, and flowers are antiatherogenic: studies in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein e-deficient (E0) mice and in vitro in cultured macrophages and lipoproteins. J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56(3): 1148-57.
3. 3. Aviram M, Dornfeld L, Rosenblat M, Volkova N, Kaplan M, Coleman R, Hayek T, Presser D, Fuhrman B. Pomegranatejuice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71(5): 1062-76.
4. 4. Bagri P, Ali M, Aeri V, Bhowmik M, Sultana S. Antidiabetic effect of Punica granatum flowers: effect on hyperlipidemia, pancreatic cells lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in experimental diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(1): 50-4.
5. 5. Baytop T. Türkiye’de Bitkilerle Tedavi. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 1999; p. 305-6.
6. 6. Chhabra RS, Maronpot RM, Bucher JR, Haseman JK, Toft JD, Hejtmancik MR. Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of pentachlorophenol in rats. Toxicol Sci 1999; 48(1): 14-20.
7. 7. Chidambara Murthy KN, Jayaprakasha GK, Singh RP. Studies on antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extract using in vivo models. J Agric Food Chem 2002; 50(17): 4791-5.
8. 8. Çelik I, Temur A, Isık I. Hepatoprotective role and antioxidant capacity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) flowers infusion against trichloroacetic acidexposed in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(1): 145-9.

9. 9. Das AK, Mandal SC, Banerjee SK, Sinha S, Saha BP, Pal M. Studies on the hypoglycaemic activity of Punica granatum seed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Phytother Res 2001; 15(7): 628-9.
10. 10. Dökmeci İ, Dökmeci AH. Toksikoloji: Zehirlenmelerde Tanı ve Tedavi. Dördüncü Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, 2005; p. 602.
11. 11. Fairbank VF, Klee GG. Biochemical aspect of haematology. Tiez NW, Saunders WB, eds. In: Fundementals of Clinical Biochemistry. Philadelphia: 1987; pp. 803-4.
12. 12. Faria A, Monteiro R, Mateus N, Azevedo I, Calhau C. Effect of pomegranate (Punica granatum) juice intake on hepatic oxidative stress. Eur J Nutr 2007; 46(5): 271-8.
13. 13. Grossmann ME, Mizuno NK, Schuster T, Clearly MP. Punicic acid is an ω-5 fatty acid capable of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation. Int J Oncol 2010; 36(2): 421-6.
14. 14. Halliwell B, Cross CE. Oxigen- derived species: their relation to human disease and environmental stress. Environ Health Perspect 1994; 102: 5-12.
15. 15. Halliwell B, Chirico S. Lipid peroxidation: Its mechanism, measurment and significance. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57(5): 715-25.
16. 16. Jurenka J. Therappeutic applications of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.): A review. Altern Med Rev 2008; 13(2): 128-44.
17. 17. Kanbur M, Eraslan G, Beyaz L, Silici S, Liman BC, Altinordulu S, Atasever A. The effects of royal jelly on liver damage induced by paracetamol in mice. Exp toxicol Pathol 2009; 61(2): 123-32.
18. 18. Karagül H. Klinik biyokimya. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi, 2000; p. 133.
19. 19. Kaufman M, Weisman Z. Pomegranate oil analysis with emphasis on MALDI- TOF/ MS triacylglycerol fingerprinting. J Agric Food Chem 2007; 55 (25): 10405-13.
20. 20. Kaya S, Pirinççi İ, Bilgili A, eds. Veteriner Hekimliğinde Toksikoloji. İkinci Baskı. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi, 2002; p. 467.
21. 21. Kaya S. Tıbbi Botanik ve Tıbbi Bitkiler. Ankara: Medisan Yayınevi, 2008; p.131-2.
22. 22. Kılçıksız S, Demirel C. Oksidatif stres, radyasyona bağlı hasar ve radyo koruyucu olarak n-asetil-sistein’in potansiyel rolü. Turk Onkol Derg 2008; 23(4): 200-7.
23. 23. Lansky EP, Newman RA. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. J Ethnopharmacol 2007; 109(2): 177-206.
24. 24. Lin PH, La DK, Upton PB, Swenberg JA. Analysis of DNA adducts in rats exposed to pentachlorophenol. Carcinogenesis 2002; 23(2): 365-9.
25. 25. Lin PH, Waidyanatha S, Pollack GM, Swenberg JA, Rappaport SM. Dosespecific production of chlorinated quinone and semiquinone adducts in rodent livers following administration of pentachlorophenol. Toxicol Sci 1999; 47(1): 126-33.
26. 26. Luck HS, Bergmeyer HU, eds. Catalase Methods in Analysis, London: Academic Press, 1965; p. 885-94.
27. 27. Mercan U. Tosikolojide serbest radikallerin önemi. YYU Vet Fak Derg 2004; 15(1-2): 91-6.
28. 28. Michielsen C, Boeren S, Rietjens I, van Mil F, Vos J, Bloksma N. The mercapturic acid biotransformation pathway of hexachlorobenzene is not involved in the induction of splenomegaly, or skin and lung lesions in the Brown Norway rat. Arch Toxicol 2000; 74(10): 609-17.
29. 29. Mirmiran P, Fazeli MR, Asghari G, Shafiee A, Azizi F. Effect of pomegranate seed oil on hyperlipidaemic subjects: A double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Br J Nutr 2010; 104(3): 402-6.
30. 30. National Toxicology Program. Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Pentachlorophenol. NTP Report 87-86-5, Newyork: 1999; p. 5-53.
31. 31. Paglie D, Valentie WN. Studies on the quanlitative and quantitative characterization of erytrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Med 1967; 70: 158-9.
32. 32. Pariza MW, Park Y, Cook ME. The biologically active isomers of conjugated linoleic acid. Prod Lipid Res 2001; 40(4): 283-98.
33. 33. Saha SS, Ghosh M. Ameliorative role of conjugated linolenic acid isomers agonist oxidative DNA damage induced by sodium arsenite in rat model. Food and Chem Tox 2010; 48: 3398-405.
34. 34. Saha SS, Ghosh M. Comparative study of antioxidant activity of alpha-eleostearic acid and punicic acid against oxidative stress generated by sodium arsenite. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47(10): 2551-6.
35. 35. Sai-Kato K, Umemura T, Takagi A, Hasegawa R, Tanimura A, Kurokawa Y. Pentachlorophenol-induced oxidativeDNA damage in mouse liver and protective effect of antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 1995; 33(10): 877-82.
36. 36. Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y. A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem 1988; 34(3): 497-500.
37. 37. Tracey WR, Tse, J, Carter G. Lipopolysaccharide-induced changes in plasma nitrite and nitrate concentrations in rats and mice: Pharmacological evaluation of nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 272(3): 1011-5.
38. 38. Tsai CH, Lin PH, Troester MA, Rappaport SM. Formation and removal of pentachlorophenol-derived protein adducts in rodent liver under acute, multiple, and chronic dosing regimens. Toxicol Sci 2003; 73(1): 26-35.
39. 39. Tsai CH, Lin PH, Waidyanatha S, Rappaport SM. Characterization of metabolic activation of pentachlorophenol to quinones and semiquinones in rodent liver. Chem Biol Interact 2001; 134(1): 55- 71.
40. 40. Turgut K. Veteriner Klinik Laboratuvar Teşhis. Konya: Bahçıvanlar Basım Sanayi, 2000; p.189.
41. 41. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reregistration Eligibility Decision for Pentachlorophenol. EPA Report 739-R- 08-008, ABD: 2008; p. 10-37.
42. 42. Umemura T, Sai-Kato K, Takagi A, Hasegawa R, Kurokawa Y. Oxidative DNA damage and cell proliferation in the livers of B6C3F1 mice exposed to pentachlorophenol in their diet. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1996; 30(2): 285-9.
43. 43. Umemura T, Kuroiwa Y, Kitamura Y, Ishii Y, Kanki K, Kodama Y, Itoh K, Yamamoto M, Nishikawa A, Hirose M. A crucial role of Nrf2 in in vivo defense against oxidative damage by an environmental pollutant, pentachlorophenol. Toxicol Sci 2006; 90(1): 111-9.
44. 44. Umemura T, Kai S, Hasegawa R, Sai K, Kurokawa Y, Williams GM. Pentachlorophenol (PCP) produces liver oxidative stress and promotes but does not initiate hepatocarcinogenesis in B6C3F1 mice. Carcinogenesis 1999; 20(6): 1115-20.
45. 45. Vroegrijk IOCM, Van Diepen JA, Van Den Berg S, Westbroek I, Keizer H, Gambelli L, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Zondag GC, Romijn JA, Havekes LM, Voshol PJ. Pomegranate seed oil, a rich source of punicic acid, prevents diet- induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Food and Chem Tox 2011; 49(6): 1426-30.
46. 46. Wang YJ, Lee CC, Chang WC, Liou HB, Ho YS. Oxidative stress and liver toxicity in rats and human hepatoma cell line induced by pentachlorophenol and its major metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone. Toxicol Lett 2001; 122(2): 157-69.
47. 47. Wang YJ, Ho YS, Chu SW, Lien HJ, Liu TH, Lin JK. Induction of glutathione depletion, p53 protein accumulation and cellular transformation by tetrachlorohydroquinone, a toxic metabolite of pentachlorophenol. Chem Biol Interact 1997; 105(1): 1-16.
48. 48. Yamasaki M, Kitagawa T, Koyanagi N, Chujo H, Maeda H, Kohno-Murase J, Imamura J, Tachibana H, Yamada K. Dietary effect of pomegranate seed oil on immune function and lipid metabolism in mice. Nutrition 2006; 22(1): 54-9.
49. 49. Yoshioka T, Kawada K, Schimada T. Lipid peroxidation in material and cord blood and protective mechanism aganist activatedoxigen toxicity in the blood. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 372-6.