The Effects of Beta-Glucan on Immune System and Performance in Animal Nutrition

Abstract

-

Keywords

• β-glukan, bağışıklık sistemi, performans.

Beta-Glukanın Hayvan Beslemede Bağışıklık Sistemi ve Performans Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Yem katkı maddesi olarak antibiyotiklerin kullanılmasının yasaklanmasından sonra birçok araştırmacı antibiyotiklere alternatif olabilecek doğal katkı maddeleri üzerine yoğunlaşmıştır. Mevcut birçok doğal katkı maddesine ek olarak maya, bakteri ve mantarlar ile yulaf, arpa çavdar gibi tane yemlerin hücre duvarından elde edilen β-glukanların hayvanlarda bağışıklığı ve dolayısıyla performansı iyileştirmede etkili bir ürün olabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu yazıda in vivo ve in vitro çalışmaların halen devam ettiği β-glukanın hayvanlarda bağışıklık ve performans üzerine etkilerine ve son yıllarda yapılan bazı araştırmaların sonuçlarına yer verilecektir

Keywords

• β-glukan, bağışıklık sistemi, performans.

References

1. Adachi Y, Okazaki M, Ohno N, Yadomae T, 1994. Enhancement of cytokine production by macrophages stimulated with (1→3)-beta-D- glucan, grifolan (GRN), isolated from Grifola frondosa. Biol Pharm Bull, 17 (12): 1554-1560.
2. Ai Q, Mai K, Zhang L, Tan B, Zhang W, Xu W, Li H, 2007. Effects of dietary β-1,3 glucan on innate immune response of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciena crocea. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 22 (4): 394-402.
3. Bagni M, Archetti L, Amadori M, Marino G, 2000. Effect of long-term administration of an immunostimulant diet on immunity in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). J Vet Med B Infect Dis Vet Public Health, 47 (10): 745-751.
4. Bohn JA, BeMiller JN, 1995. (1-3)- β-D- glucans as biological response modifiers: A review of structure-functional activity relationships. Carbonhydr Polym, 28 (1): 14.
5. Brown GD, Gordon S, 2003. Fungal β-glucans and mammalian immunity. Immunity, 19 (3): 311-315.
6. Brown GD, Herre J, Williams DL, Willment JA, Marshall AS, Gordon S, 2003. Dectin-1 mediates the biological effects of β-glucans. J Exp Med, 197 (9): 1119-1124.
7. Brown GD, Gordon S, 2001. Immune recognition: A new receptor for β-glucans. Nature, 413: 36-37.
8. Chae BJ, Lohakare JD, Moon WK, Lee SL, Park YH, Hahn TW, 2006. Effects of supplementation of β-glucans on the growth performance and immunity in broilers. Res Vet Sci, 80 (3): 291-298.

9. Cook MT, Hayball PJ, Hutchinson W, Nowak BF, Hayball JD, 2003. Administration of a commercial immunostimulant preparation, EcoActivaTM as a feed supplement enhances macrophage respiratory burst and growth rate of snapper (Pagrus auratus, Sparidae (Bloch and Schneider)) in winter. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 14 (4): 333-45.
10. Dalmo RA, Bogwald J, 2008. β-glucans as conductors of immune symphonies. Fish Shellfish Immunol, 25 (4): 384-396.
11. Debaulny M, Quentel C, Fournier V, Lamour F, Legouvello R, 1996. Effects of long term oral administration of β-glucan as an immunostimulant or an adjuvant on some non- specific parameters of the immune response of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Dis Aquat Org, 2: 139-147.
12. Dritz SS, Shi J, Kielian TL, Goodband RD, Nelssen JL, Tokach MD, Chengappa MM, Smith JE, Blecha F, 1995. Influence of dietary β-glucan on growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and resistance to Streptococcus suis infection in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 73 (11): 3341-3350.
13. Eicher SD, McKee CA, Carroll JA, Pajor EA, 2006. Supplemental vitamin C and yeast cell wall β-glucan as growth enhancers in newborn pigs and as immunomodulators after an endotoxin challenge after weaning. J Anim Sci, 84 (9): 2352-2360.
14. García-Ruiz AI, Pérez-Bonilla A, Pérez de Ayala P, Eissen J, 2008. Effect of yeast β- glucans on rabbit performances and mortality from 35 to 63 days of age. 9th World Rabbit Congress – June 10-13, 2008 – Verona – Italy.
15. Guo Y, Ali RA, Qureshi MA, 2003. The influence of β-glucan on immune responses in broiler Immunotoxicol, 25 (3): 461-472. Immunopharmacol
16. Hahn TW, Lohakare JD, Lee SL, Moon WK, Chae BJ, 2006, Effects of supplementation of β-glucans on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and immunity in weanling pigs. J Anim Sci, 84 (6): 1422-1428.
17. Hisano H, Falcon DR, Barros MM, Pezzato LE, 2008. Influence of yeast and yeast derivatives on growth performance and survival of Juvenile Prawn Macrobrachium Amazonicum. Ciênc Anim Brasil, 9 (3): 657- 662.
18. Hiss S, Sauerwein H, 2003. Influence of dietary β-glucan on growth performance, lymphocyte proliferation, spesific immune response concentrations in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 87 (1-2): 2-11. plasma
19. Huff GR, Huff WE, Rath NC, Tellez G, 2006. Limited treatment with β-1,3/1.6-glucan improves production values of broiler chickens challenged with Escherichia coli. Poult Sci, 85 (4): 613-618.
20. Jung K, Ha Y, Ha SK, Han DU, Kim DW, Moon WK, Chae C, 2004. Antiviral effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae β-glucan to swine influenza virus by increased production of interferon-γ and nitric oxide. J Vet Med B, 51 (2): 72-76.
21. Kournikakis B, Mandeville R, Brousseau P, Ostroff G, 2003. Anthrax-protective effects of yeast β-1,3 glucans. MedGenMed, 5 (1):1.
22. Leblanc BW, Albina JE, Reichner JS, 2006. Effect of β-glucan on neutrophil chemotaxis in vivo. J Leukocyte Biol, 79 (4): 667-675.
23. Li J, Li DF, Xing JJ, Cheng ZB, Lai CH, 2006. β-glucan Effects Saccharomyces performance somatotropic responses of pigs challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. J Anim Sci, 84 (9): 2374-2381. on cerevisiae growth and immunological and
24. Li J, Xing JJ, Li D, Wang X, Zhao L, Lv S, Huang D, 2005. Effects of β-glucan extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on humoral and cellular immunity in weaned piglets. Arhiv Anim Nutr, 59: 303-312.
25. Liang J, Melican D, Cafro L, Palace G, Fisette L, Armstrong R, Patchen ML, 1998. Enhanced clearance of a multiple antibiotic resistant Stapphylococcus aureus in rats treated with PGG-glucan is associated with increased leukocyte counts and increased neutrophil oxidative Immunopharmacol, 20 (11): 595-614. activity. Int J
26. Lowry VK, Farnell MB, Ferro PJ, Swaggerty CL, Bahl A, Kogut MH, 2005. Purified β- glucan as an antibiotic feed additive up- regulates the innate immune response in immature enterica serovar Enteritidis. Int J Food Microbiol, 98 (3): 309-318. Salmonella
27. Mucksova J, Babicek K, Pospisil M, 2001. Particulate 1,3-β-D-glucan, carboxymethylglu- can and sulfoethylglucan-influence of their oral or intraperitoneal administration on immunological respondence of mice. Folia Microbiol (Praha), 46 (6): 559-563.
28. Olson EJ, Standing JE, Griego-Harper N, Hoffman OA, Limper AH, 1996. Fungal β- glucan interacts with vitronectin and stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha release from macrophages. Infect Immun, 64 (9): 3548- 3554.
29. Palic D, Andreasen CB, Herolt DM, Menzel BW, Roth JA, 2006. Immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan on neutrophil function in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, 1820). Dev Comp Immunol, 30 (9): 817-830.
30. Rathgeber B, Budgell K, MacIsaac J, Mirza M, 2007. Yeast β-glucans and broiler chicken growth. Atlantic Poultry Research Institute, Factsheet, 30, 2007. http://www.thepoultrysite. com/articles/940/yeast-beta-glucans-and- broiler-chicken-growth/print
31. Redmond SB, Lamond SJ, 2008. Effect of dietary β-glucans on growth performance in developing chickens. Iowa State University Animal Industry Report 2008, A.S. Leaflet R2331. http://www.ans.iastate.edu/report/air/? pg=tablecontent08
32. Robertsen B, Roerstand G, Engstad RE, Raa J, 1990. Enhancement of non-specific disease resistance in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., by a glucan from Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls. J Fish Dis, 13: 391-400.
33. Sealey WM, Barrows FT, Hang A, Johansen KA, Overturf K, LaPatra SE, Hardy RW, 2008. Evaluation of the ability of barley genotypes containing different amounts of β-glucans to alter growth and disease resistance of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 141 (1-2): 115–128
34. Stuyven E, Cox E, Vancaeneghem S, Arnouts S, Deprez P, Goddeeris BM, 2009. Effect of β- glucan on an ETEC infection in piglets. Vet Immunol Immunopathol, 128 (1-3): 60-66. 35. Tzianabos AO, 2000. immunomodulators as therapeutic agents: Structural aspects and biologic function. Clin Microbiol Rev, 13 (4): 523-533.
35. Volman JJ, Ramakers JD, Plat J, 2008. Dietary modulation of immune function by β- glucans. Physiol Behav, 94 (2): 276-284.
36. Whittington R, Lim C, Klesius PH, 2005. Effect of β-glucan levels on the growth response and efficacy of Streptococcus iniae vaccine in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 248 (1-4): 217-225.
37. Yun CH, Estrada A, Kessel AV, Gajadhar AA, Redmond MJ, Laarveld B, 1997. β-(1→3, 1→4) oat glucan enhances resistance to Eimeria immunosuppressed mice. Int J Parasitol, 27 (3): 329-337. infection in
38. Yun CH, Estrada A, Van Kessel A, Park BC, Laarveld B, 2003. β-glucan, extracted from oat, enhances disease resistance against bacterial and parasitic infections. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 35 (1): 67-75.