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Yonca Silajına Badem (Prunus dulcis) Kabuğu İlavesinin Silaj Kalitesi ve İn Vitro Sindirilebilirlik Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 104 - 110, 01.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1332473

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ekonomik değeri bulunmayan ve çevre kirliliğine neden olan badem kabuklarının kolay çözünebilir karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak yonca silajına ilavesinin silaj kalitesi, fermantasyon özellikleri ve in vitroorganik madde sindirimi üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gruplar sırasıyla %0 (kontrol), %1, %2, %4 ve %6 badem kabu- ğu içerecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Silajların in vitro organik madde sindirimi (IVOMS) ve metabolik enerji (ME) değerleri incelendiğinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla tüm katkılı gruplarda artışlar gözlemlenmiştir. Silajların pH, amonyak azotu (NH3 -N/TN) ve karbondioksit (CO2) değerleri incelendiğinde, en yüksek değerler kontrol grubunda tespit edilirken, en düşük %6 badem kabuğu ilave edilen silaj grubunda tespit edilmiştir. Silajların laktik asit (LA) ve asetik asit (AA) değerleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla tüm deneme gruplarında artış göstermiş, en yüksek %6 badem kabuğu ilavesinin olduğu grup- ta belirlenmiştir. Bütirik asit (BA) değerleri bakımından badem kabuğu artışına bağlı olarak azalma tespit edilmiştir. Silajların maya ve küf değerleri kontrol grubuna kıyasla badem kabuğu artışına bağlı olarak azalmıştır. Sonuç olarak kolay eriyebilir karbonhidrat kaynağı olarak %6 badem kabuğu ilavesinin yonca silaj kalitesi ve fermantasyon özellikleri üzerine olumlu etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Ali N, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Naza M, Shao T. Microbial diversity and fermentation profile of red clover silage inoculated with reconstituted indigenous and exogenous epiphytic microbiota. Bioresour Technol 2020; 314: 123606.
  • AOAC. Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC. 2005.
  • Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Azrieli A, Hen Y, Horev B. A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Can Agric Eng 1991; 34:171-5.
  • Bingöl N T, Bolat D, Karslı MA, Akça İ. Arpa hasılı ve korunga karışımı silaja farklı düzeylerde melas ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ve sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri. Atatürk University J Vet Sci 2009; 4(1): 23 -30.
  • Broderick GA, Kang JH. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci 1980; 63(1): 64-75.
  • DLG. Bbewertung von grünfutter, silage und heu. Merkblantt, DLG-Verlag, Deutschland, 1987; 224.
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emissions Factors & AP 42. Fifth Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 9: Food and Agricultural Industries. 9.10.2.1 Almond Processing,1995. https://www3.epa.gov/ ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/index.html; Accessed Date: 20.02.2023
  • Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, Weinberg ZG. The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000; 88(1-2): 39-46.
  • Gao R, Wang B, Jia T, Luo Y, Yu Z. Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture 2021; 11(1): 58.
  • Goel G, Makkar HP, Becker K. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008; 147(1-3):72-89.
  • Gökkaya G, Orak A. Bazı yonca çeşitlerinde (Medicago sativa L.) biçim zamanının ot verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin saptanması. YYU J Agric Sci 2021; 31(2): 434-52.
  • Holtman KM, Offeman RD, Franqui-Villanueva D, Bayati AK, Orts WJ. Countercurrent extraction of soluble sugars from almond hulls and assessment of the bioenergy potential. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(9): 2490-8.
  • Kepekci S. Anason tohumunun (Pimpinella anisum L.) yonca silajlarının bazı kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi, M.Sc. Thesis, Univ Uşak Grad Edu Inst, Uşak 2020; p.1-57.
  • Kung Jr L, Grieve DB, Thomas JW, Huber JT. Added ammonia or microbial inocula for fermentation and nitrogenous compounds of alfalfa ensiled at various percents of dry matter. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67(2): 299-306.
  • Kurtoğlu V. Silaj ve Silaj Katkıları. Konya: Aybil Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 1988; 28: 7-55.
  • Ohshima M, Ohshima Y, Kimura E, Yokota H. Fermentation quality of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silages treated with previously fermented juices prepared from both the herbages. Anim Sci Technol (Japan) 1997; 68(1): 41-4.
  • Okuyucu B, Özdüven M L, Koç F. Farklı düzeylerde laktik asit bakterileri ile enzim ilavesinin yaş bira posası silajlarında fermantasyon, aerobik stabilite ve in vitro sindirim üzerine etkileri. Alinteri J Agric Sci 2018; 33(2): 145-51.
  • Orloff SB, Mueller SC. Harvesting, curing, and preservation of alfalfa. Summers CG, Putnam DH. Eds. In: Irrigated Alfalfa Management in Mediterranean and Desert zones. Univ Cal Agric Nat Res Publ 2008, 8300.
  • Özaslan A. Mısır şurubunun yonca silajı yapımında kullanımı, M.Sc. Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Univ Grad Sch Nat Appl Sci, Kahramanmaraş 2016.
  • Playne M J, McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. J Sci Food Agric 1966; 17(6): 264-268.
  • Polan CE, Stieve D, Garrett J. Protein preservation and ruminal degradation of ensiled forage treated with heat, formic acid, ammonia or microbial inoculant. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:765-76.
  • SPSS. Inc. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/PC+). Chicago, IL, 1991.
  • Stallings CC, Townes R, Jesse BW, Thomas JW. Changes in alfalfa haylage during wilting and ensiling with without additives. J Anim Sci 1981; 53(3): 765-9.
  • Suzuki M, Lund CW. Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem 1980; 28(5): 1040-1.
  • Şakalar B, Kamalak A. Melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posasının yonca bitkisinin silolanmasında kullanılması. Anadolu Tarım Bilim Derg 2016; 31 (1): 157-64.
  • Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Colombo D, Cavallarin L. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89(12): 4736-46.
  • Topçuoğlu E, Yılmaz Ersan L. Fonksiyonel beslenmede bademin önemi. Bursa Uludag Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 2020; 34(2): 427-41.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583-97.
  • Weinberg Z G, Ashbell G, Azrieli A. The effect of applying lactic bacteria in ensiling on the chemical and microbiological composition of vetch, wheat and alfalfa silages. J Appl Bacteriol 1988; 64: 1-8.
  • Yakışır BÖ, Aksu T. Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Van Vet J 2019; 30(2): 71- 6.
  • Yayla D. Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi, M. Sc. Thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Univ Grad Sch Nat Appl Sci, Tekirdağ. 2019.

Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility

Year 2023, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 104 - 110, 01.08.2023
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1332473

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the addition of almond hull, which has no economic value and causes environmental pollution, to alfalfa silage as an easily soluble carbohydrate source on silage quality, fermentation characteristics and in vitro organic matter digestion (IVOMD). The groups were designed to contain 0% (control), 1%, 2%, 4% and 6% almond hull, respectively. When the IVOMD and metabolizable energy (ME) values of the silages were examined, increases were observed in all additive groups compared to the control group. When the pH, NH3-N/TN and carbon dioxide (CO2) values of the silages were examined, the highest values were determined in the control group, while the lowest pH, NH3-N/TN and CO2 values were determined in the silage group with 6% almond hull added. Although an increase was determined in all trial groups in terms of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) values of silages compared to the control group, the highest values were determined in the group with 6% almond hull addition, and a decrease was determined due to the increase in almond hull in terms of butyric acid (BA) values. Yeast and mold values of the silages decreased due to the increase in almond hull compared to the control group. As a re- sult, it was determined that the addition of 6% almond hull as an easily soluble carbohydrate source had a positive effect on alfalfa silage quality and fermentation characteristics.

References

  • Ali N, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong Z, Li J, Naza M, Shao T. Microbial diversity and fermentation profile of red clover silage inoculated with reconstituted indigenous and exogenous epiphytic microbiota. Bioresour Technol 2020; 314: 123606.
  • AOAC. Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, Washington DC. 2005.
  • Ashbell G, Weinberg ZG, Azrieli A, Hen Y, Horev B. A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Can Agric Eng 1991; 34:171-5.
  • Bingöl N T, Bolat D, Karslı MA, Akça İ. Arpa hasılı ve korunga karışımı silaja farklı düzeylerde melas ilavesinin silaj kalitesi ve sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkileri. Atatürk University J Vet Sci 2009; 4(1): 23 -30.
  • Broderick GA, Kang JH. Automated simultaneous determination of ammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and in vitro media. J Dairy Sci 1980; 63(1): 64-75.
  • DLG. Bbewertung von grünfutter, silage und heu. Merkblantt, DLG-Verlag, Deutschland, 1987; 224.
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Emissions Factors & AP 42. Fifth Edition, Volume 1, Chapter 9: Food and Agricultural Industries. 9.10.2.1 Almond Processing,1995. https://www3.epa.gov/ ttn/chief/ap42/ch09/index.html; Accessed Date: 20.02.2023
  • Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, Weinberg ZG. The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2000; 88(1-2): 39-46.
  • Gao R, Wang B, Jia T, Luo Y, Yu Z. Effects of different carbohydrate sources on alfalfa silage quality at different ensiling days. Agriculture 2021; 11(1): 58.
  • Goel G, Makkar HP, Becker K. Effects of Sesbania sesban and Carduus pycnocephalus leaves and Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds and their extracts on partitioning of nutrients from roughage-and concentrate-based feeds to methane. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2008; 147(1-3):72-89.
  • Gökkaya G, Orak A. Bazı yonca çeşitlerinde (Medicago sativa L.) biçim zamanının ot verimi ve kalitesi üzerine etkilerinin saptanması. YYU J Agric Sci 2021; 31(2): 434-52.
  • Holtman KM, Offeman RD, Franqui-Villanueva D, Bayati AK, Orts WJ. Countercurrent extraction of soluble sugars from almond hulls and assessment of the bioenergy potential. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63(9): 2490-8.
  • Kepekci S. Anason tohumunun (Pimpinella anisum L.) yonca silajlarının bazı kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi, M.Sc. Thesis, Univ Uşak Grad Edu Inst, Uşak 2020; p.1-57.
  • Kung Jr L, Grieve DB, Thomas JW, Huber JT. Added ammonia or microbial inocula for fermentation and nitrogenous compounds of alfalfa ensiled at various percents of dry matter. J Dairy Sci 1984; 67(2): 299-306.
  • Kurtoğlu V. Silaj ve Silaj Katkıları. Konya: Aybil Yayınevi, 2011.
  • Menke KH, Steingass H. Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim Res Dev 1988; 28: 7-55.
  • Ohshima M, Ohshima Y, Kimura E, Yokota H. Fermentation quality of alfalfa and Italian ryegrass silages treated with previously fermented juices prepared from both the herbages. Anim Sci Technol (Japan) 1997; 68(1): 41-4.
  • Okuyucu B, Özdüven M L, Koç F. Farklı düzeylerde laktik asit bakterileri ile enzim ilavesinin yaş bira posası silajlarında fermantasyon, aerobik stabilite ve in vitro sindirim üzerine etkileri. Alinteri J Agric Sci 2018; 33(2): 145-51.
  • Orloff SB, Mueller SC. Harvesting, curing, and preservation of alfalfa. Summers CG, Putnam DH. Eds. In: Irrigated Alfalfa Management in Mediterranean and Desert zones. Univ Cal Agric Nat Res Publ 2008, 8300.
  • Özaslan A. Mısır şurubunun yonca silajı yapımında kullanımı, M.Sc. Thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Univ Grad Sch Nat Appl Sci, Kahramanmaraş 2016.
  • Playne M J, McDonald P. The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. J Sci Food Agric 1966; 17(6): 264-268.
  • Polan CE, Stieve D, Garrett J. Protein preservation and ruminal degradation of ensiled forage treated with heat, formic acid, ammonia or microbial inoculant. J Dairy Sci 1998; 81:765-76.
  • SPSS. Inc. Statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS/PC+). Chicago, IL, 1991.
  • Stallings CC, Townes R, Jesse BW, Thomas JW. Changes in alfalfa haylage during wilting and ensiling with without additives. J Anim Sci 1981; 53(3): 765-9.
  • Suzuki M, Lund CW. Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem 1980; 28(5): 1040-1.
  • Şakalar B, Kamalak A. Melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posasının yonca bitkisinin silolanmasında kullanılması. Anadolu Tarım Bilim Derg 2016; 31 (1): 157-64.
  • Tabacco E, Borreani G, Crovetto GM, Galassi G, Colombo D, Cavallarin L. Effect of chestnut tannin on fermentation quality, proteolysis, and protein rumen degradability of alfalfa silage. J Dairy Sci 2006; 89(12): 4736-46.
  • Topçuoğlu E, Yılmaz Ersan L. Fonksiyonel beslenmede bademin önemi. Bursa Uludag Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg 2020; 34(2): 427-41.
  • Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA. Methods of dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci 1991; 74: 3583-97.
  • Weinberg Z G, Ashbell G, Azrieli A. The effect of applying lactic bacteria in ensiling on the chemical and microbiological composition of vetch, wheat and alfalfa silages. J Appl Bacteriol 1988; 64: 1-8.
  • Yakışır BÖ, Aksu T. Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi. Van Vet J 2019; 30(2): 71- 6.
  • Yayla D. Farklı seviyelerde melaslı kuru şeker pancarı posası ilavesinin yonca silajı kalitesi üzerine etkisi, M. Sc. Thesis, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Univ Grad Sch Nat Appl Sci, Tekirdağ. 2019.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sadık Serkan Aydın This is me 0000-0002-3252-3944

Nihat Denek This is me 0000-0003-0904-8943

Mehmet Avcı This is me 0000-0002-2523-2137

Nurcan Kırar This is me 0000-0002-2778-1789

Şermin Top This is me 0000-0003-2684-7798

Mehmet Savrunlu This is me 0000-0002-0330-6799

Ahmet Eren Hezer This is me 0000-0003-1770-0911

Fatma İş This is me 0000-0001-5981-7320

Şükran Salama This is me 0000-0002-4712-0064

Publication Date August 1, 2023
Submission Date December 21, 2022
Acceptance Date April 3, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aydın, S. S., Denek, N., Avcı, M., Kırar, N., et al. (2023). Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 20(2), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1332473
AMA Aydın SS, Denek N, Avcı M, Kırar N, Top Ş, Savrunlu M, Hezer AE, İş F, Salama Ş. Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2023;20(2):104-110. doi:10.32707/ercivet.1332473
Chicago Aydın, Sadık Serkan, Nihat Denek, Mehmet Avcı, Nurcan Kırar, Şermin Top, Mehmet Savrunlu, Ahmet Eren Hezer, Fatma İş, and Şükran Salama. “Effect of Almond (Prunus Dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20, no. 2 (August 2023): 104-10. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1332473.
EndNote Aydın SS, Denek N, Avcı M, Kırar N, Top Ş, Savrunlu M, Hezer AE, İş F, Salama Ş (August 1, 2023) Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20 2 104–110.
IEEE S. S. Aydın, N. Denek, M. Avcı, N. Kırar, Ş. Top, M. Savrunlu, A. E. Hezer, F. İş, and Ş. Salama, “Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 104–110, 2023, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.1332473.
ISNAD Aydın, Sadık Serkan et al. “Effect of Almond (Prunus Dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 20/2 (August 2023), 104-110. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.1332473.
JAMA Aydın SS, Denek N, Avcı M, Kırar N, Top Ş, Savrunlu M, Hezer AE, İş F, Salama Ş. Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2023;20:104–110.
MLA Aydın, Sadık Serkan et al. “Effect of Almond (Prunus Dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 20, no. 2, 2023, pp. 104-10, doi:10.32707/ercivet.1332473.
Vancouver Aydın SS, Denek N, Avcı M, Kırar N, Top Ş, Savrunlu M, Hezer AE, İş F, Salama Ş. Effect of Almond (Prunus dulcis) Hull Addition to Alfalfa Silage on Silage Quality and In Vitro Digestibility. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2023;20(2):104-10.