Impacts of Syrian Construction Workers on the Turkish AEC Industry

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 37 Sayı: 3, 441 - 451, 30.12.2021

Abdullah Taflı , Savaş Bayram

Öz

Suriye devriminin başlangıcından bu yana, Suriye genelinde 600 binden fazla insan hayatını kaybetmiştir. Suriye'deki iç savaş, Türkiye'nin dünyanın en fazla mülteci barındıran ülkesi olmasına neden olmuş ve yaklaşık 4 milyon Suriyeli Türkiye'ye göç etmiştir. Suriyeli mültecilerin Türkiye'ye entegrasyonu ve istihdamı daha fazla araştırma gerektirmektedir. İnşaat sektörünün Türk ekonomisindeki rolü hayati önem taşımaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma Suriyeli işçilerin Türk inşaat sektörü üzerindeki etkilerini; Suriyeli işçiler, Türk işçiler ve Türk işverenler olmak üzere üç farklı perspektifte incelemektedir. Araştırmanın temel konu başlıkları; (i) göçün nedenleri ve gelecek planları, (ii) katkılar, (iii) çalışma koşulları ve (iv) ucuz işgücü, şeklindedir. Bulgular, birçok konuda Suriyeli işçiler ile Türk işçiler/işverenler arasında görüş ayrılıklarının olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Suriye devrimi, Mülteciler, Türkiye, İnşaat sektörü, İşgücü

Impacts of Syrian Construction Workers on the Turkish AEC Industry

Öz

Since the beginning of the Syrian Revolution, over 600 thousand people killed across Syria. The civil war in Syria caused Turkey to be the largest refugee-hosting country worldwide and approximately 4 million Syrians immigrated to Turkey. The integration and employment of the Syrian refugees in Turkey require further research. The role of the architecture, engineering, & construction (AEC) industry in the Turkish economy is vital. In this context, this study investigates the impact of Syrian workers on the Turkish AEC industry under three different perspectives as Syrian workers, Turkish workers, and Turkish employers. The topics of the research consist of; (i) causes of migration & future plans, (ii) contributions, (iii) working conditions, and (iv) cheap labor. The findings reveal that on many issues, there are conflicts between Syrian workers and Turkish workers/employers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Syrian revolution, Refugees, Turkey, AEC industry, Labor force

Kaynakça

• [1] Karadeniz, M. 2016. The effect of Syrian refugees living in Kilis on provincial economy. Master thesis, Kilis 7 Aralık University, Kilis, Turkey.
• [2] SOHR, 2021. Total Death Toll. https://www.syriahr.com/en/217360/ (Access date: 08 July 2021).
• [3] Toğral Koca, B. 2016. Syrian Refugees in Turkey: From “Guests” to “Enemies”? New Perspectives on Turkey, 54(2016), 55–75.
• [4] Içduygu, A., Üstübici, A. 2014. Negotiating Mobility, Debating Borders: Migration Diplomacy in Turkey-EU Relations. In Schwenken H and Russ-Sattar S (ed.) New Border and Citizenship Politics. London: Palgrave MacMillan, pp. 44-59.
• [5] TDGMM, 2021. Syrians in Turkey. https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi/ (Access date: 08 July 2021).
• [6] ORSAM, 2019. Syrian Refugees. http://tesev.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Suriyeli_Siginmacilarin_Turkiyeye_Etkileri.pdf (Access date: 11 November 2019).
• [7] UNHCR, 2021. UNHCR Turkey: Provincial Breakdown Syrian Refugees in Turkey - May 2021. https://data2.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/86580 (Access date: 08 July 2021).
• [8] Içduygu, A., Diker, E. 2017. Labor Market Integration of Syrian Refugees in Turkey: From Refugees to Settlers. The Journal of Migration Studies, 3(2017), 12-35.
• [9] Sunata, U., Tosun, S. 2019. Assessing the Civil Society’s Role in Refugee Integration in Turkey: NGO-R as a New Typology. Journal of Refugee Studies, 32(2019), 683-703.
• [10] ILO, 2019. ILO’s Support to Refugees and Host Communities in Turkey. https://www.ilo.org/ankara/projects/WCMS_702144/lang--tr/index.htm (Access date: 08 July 2021).
• [11] UNHCR, 2016. Turkey Operational Update. http://www.unhcr.org/turkey/uploads/root/unhcr_turkey_operational_update_jan-june_2016.pdf (Access date: 06 May 2020).
• [12] Sarigül, O., Özdoğan, M., Öner, G. 2019. Family of Refugees in Turkey in Kayseri Samples of the General Status: An Overview. V. International Congress on Education and Social Sciences, 13-15 December, İstanbul, 1644-1655.
• [13] Kattaa, M., Byrne, M. 2018. Quality of Work for Syrian Refugees in Jordan. Forced Migration Review, 58(2018), 45-46.
• [14] Lenner, K., Turner, L. 2019. Making Refugees Work? The Politics of Integrating Syrian Refugees into the Labor Market in Jordan. Middle East Critique, 28(2019), 65-95.
• [15] Kobaissy, F. 2016. Organizing the Unorganized: Migrant Domestic Workers in Lebanon. Cairo Papers in Social Science: The American University in Cairo Press, 112 pp.
• [16] Corstange, D. 2019. The Syrian Conflict and Public Opinion among Syrians in Lebanon. British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, 46(2019), 178-200.
• [17] Betts, A., Memişoğlu, F., Ali, A. 2021. What Difference do Mayors Make? The Role of Municipal Authorities in Turkey and Lebanon’s Response to Syrian Refugees. Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(2021), 491-519.
• [18] Akgündüz, Y., Van Den Berg, M., Hassink, W. H. J. 2015. The Impact of Refugee Crisis on Host Labor Markets: The Case of the Syrian Refugee Crisis in Turkey. IZA Discussion Paper 8841, 24 pp.
• [19] Del Carpio, X. V., Wagner, M. C. 2015. The Impact of Syrian Refugees on the Turkish Labor Market. World Bank Social Protection and Labor Global Practice Group, Policy Research Working Paper 7402, 32 pp.
• [20] Baban, F., Ilcan, S., Rygiel, K. 2017. Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Pathways to Precarity, Differential Inclusion, and Negotiated Citizenship Right. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 43(2017), 41–57.
• [21] Tören, T. 2018. Documentation Report: Syrian Refugees in the Turkish Labour Market. Kassel: ICDD Working Papers, No. 22, Kassel University press GmbH, 57 pp.
• [22] Apak, H. 2014. Adaptation and future expectations of the Syrian immigrants: A case study of Mardin. Master thesis, Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey.
• [23] Özkarslı, F. 2014. Migration from Syria to Turkey and informal employment of Syrians: Example of Mardin. Master thesis, Artuklu University, Mardin, Turkey.
• [24] Navruz, M. 2015. Urban refugees between dilemmas of integration and isolation. Master thesis, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey.
• [25] Assida, O. M. A. 2016. The economic and social impacts of forced migration: A case study of Syrian and Iraqi forced migrants in Samsun. Master thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
• [26] Cengiz, D., Tekgüç, H. 2017. Is it Merely a Labor Supply Shock? Impacts of Syrian Migrants on Local Economies in Turkey. ASSA 2018 Annual Meeting, 05-07 January, Philadelphia, PA, 1–68.
• [27] Yılmaz, L. Y. 2017. Opinions of local people toward Syrians in Turkey: Case of Kilis, Gaziantep, Şanlıurfa, Hatay and Adana. PhD dissertation, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
• [28] Aksu, E. 2017. The impact of Syrian refugees on the Turkish labor market. Master thesis, Boğaziçi University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• [29] Mıznazı, A. 2018. Investigating the effect of Syrian refugees on the gross domestic product and unemployment rate in Turkey between 2011-2017. Master thesis, İstanbul Aydın University, İstanbul, Turkey.
• [30] Parlak Bicer, Z. O., Taner, Z. T., Oymakapu, N. 2018. The Analysis of the Effect of Syrian Immigrants’ Workforce on Turkish Building Sector: A Case of Construction Sites in Kayseri. 5th International Project and Construction Management Conference (IPCMC 2018), 16-18 November, Kyrenia, 592-601.
• [31] Çınar, S. 2018. New Actors and New Conflicts in the Construction Sector: Syrian Workers from the perspective of Local Workers. Labour and Society, 56(2018), 121-138.
• [32] Kale, B., Erdogan, M. 2019. The Impact of GCR on Local Governments and Syrian Refugees in Turkey. International Migration, 57(2019), 224-242.
• [33] Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. 2007. Research Methods in Education. London: Routledge, 638 pp.
• [34] Özdemir, E. 2015. Tarama Yöntemi. In Metin M (ed.): Kuramdan Uygulamaya Eğitimde Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Academy, pp. 77-97.
• [35] Memnun, D. S., Hart, L. A., Akkaya, R. 2012. A Research on the Mathematical Problem Solving Beliefs of Mathematics, Science and Elementary Pre-Service Teachers in Turkey in Terms of Different Variables. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(2012), 172-184.
• [36] Yockey, R. D. 2016. SPSS Demystified: A Simple Guide and Reference. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis, 276 pp.
• [37] Bernardi, R. A. 1994. Validating Research Results when Cronbach's Alpha is below .70: A Methodological Procedure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 54(1994), 766-775.
• [38] Demir, A., Öz, A. 2018. Investigation of Occupational Accidents from Theological Perspective. European Journal of Science and Technology, 14(2018), 189-197.
• [39] AFAD, 2020. Syrian Refugees in Turkey. https://www.afad.gov.tr/upload/Node/2376/files/61-2013123015505-syrian-refugees-in-turkey-2013_print_12_11_2013_eng.pdf (Access date: 05 January 2020).