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GİRİŞİMCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ PROFİL DEĞERLENDİRMELERİNDE ÖĞRENİLMİŞ GÜÇLÜLÜK DÜZEYLERİNİN ROLÜ: TEKNOLOJİ GELİŞTİRME BÖLGELERİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue, 81 - 117, 25.12.2020

Melike Turhan , Hatice Baysal

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846308

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, firma sahibi girişimcilerin sahip olduğu öğrenilmiş güçlülük
düzeyleri bağlamında; girişimci kişilik tanımlamaları açısından bir farklılığın var olup olmadığının
ortaya konulmasıdır. Günümüz koşullarında ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın temeli olarak görülen
girişimcilik kavramı birçok farklı disiplinlerin araştırma konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle
günümüz koşullarında, teknoloji ve inovasyon tabanlı girişimcilik faaliyetlerine yönlenme ihtiyacı
daha da ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu bakış açısıyla araştırma; Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgeleri’nde
faaliyet gösteren firma sahibi girişimciler ile yürütülmüştür.
Karma desene sahip olan araştırma iki aşamalı olarak uygulanmıştır. İlk aşamada nicel
yöntem kullanılarak, Teknoloji Geliştirme Bölgesi’nde faaliyet gösteren firma sahibi girişimcilere
öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeylerinin belirlenmesi için “Rosenbaum Öğrenilmiş Güçlülük Ölçeği”
uygulanmıştır. Geri dönüş sonuçlarına göre kullanılabilir 265 anketin SPSS Windows 22.0 paket
programı kullanılarak analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Alınan ölçek puanları doğrultusunda düzeyler;
ortalamanın altında kalanlar için düşük güçlülük, ortalamanın üstünde kalanlar için de yüksek
güçlülük seviyesi olarak belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşama olan nitel araştırma kısmında; 10 düşük
öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve 12 yüksek öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyine sahip katılımcı ile yüz yüze
görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Katılımcılara, girişimcilik hikayeleri ve girişimci kişilik tanımları
sorulmuştur. Toplanan veriler MAXQDA 18 programıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda
girişimci kişilik tanımlamaları bakımından yüksek öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyine sahip girişimciler ile
düşük öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyine sahip girişimciler arasında dikkat çekici farklılıklar tespit
edilmiştir.

Keywords

Öğrenilmiş Güçlülük, Girişimcilik, Girişimci Kişilik.

References

  • Ahmetoğlu, G. ve Premuzic, T. (2017). An individual differences approach to studying entrepreneurial tendencies, the wiley handbook of entrepreneurship, chapter 11. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Published.
  • Akdeniz, H. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve psikolojik kırılganlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Antoncic, B., Bratkovic Kregar, T., Singh, G., ve DeNoble, A. F. (2013). The big five personality-entrepreneurship relationship: Evidence from Slovenia. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 819-841.
  • Baron, R. A. (1998). Cognitive mechanisms in entrepreneurship: Why and when entrepreneurs think differently than other people. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 275-294.
  • Baron, R. A. ve Henry, H. A. (2010). How entrepreneurs acquire the capacity to excel: Insights from research on expert performance. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 49-65.
  • Baron, R. A. (2017). Tools entrepreneurs need for converting dreams to reality-and achieving success, the wiley handbook of entrepreneurship, chapter 6. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Published.
  • Begley, T. M. ve Boyd, D. P. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), 79-93.
  • Bird, B., Schjoedt, L. ve Baum, J. R. (2012). Entrepreneurs’ behavior: Elucidation and measurement. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(5), 889-913.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management, 23(3), 509-520.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. C. Kent, D. Sexton and K. Vesper, (Eds.). Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship içinde (pp. 39- 57). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. ve Horwitz, P. S. (1986). The psychology of the entrepreneur. D. L. Sexton and R. W. Smilor (Eds.). The art and the science of entrepreneurship içinde (pp. 25-48). Cambridge, MA, Ballinger Publishing Company.
  • Bygrave, W. (1989). The entrepreneurship paradigm: A philosophical look at its research methodologies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(1), 7- 30.
  • Chell, E., Haworth, J. ve Brearley, S. (1991). The entrepreneurial personality: Cocepts, cases and categories. London: Rutledge.
  • Collins, O. F., Moore, D. G. ve Unwalla, D. B. (1964). The entreprising man. East Lansing: Ml, MSU Business Studies.
  • Courey, L., Feuerstein, M., ve Bush, C. (1982). Self-control and chronic headache. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 26(5), 519-526.
  • Dağ, İ. (1990). Kontrol odağı, stresle başa çıkma stratejileri ve psikolojik belirti gösterme ilişkileri (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Das, T. K. ve Teng, B. S. (1998). Time and entrepreneurial risk behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22(2), 69-88.
  • De Carlo, J. F. ve Lyons, P. R. (1979). A comparison of selected personal characteristics of minority and nonminority female entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 17(4), 22-29.
  • Douglas, E. ve Shepherd, D. A. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 231-251.
  • Edelman, L. F., Brush, C. G., Manolova, T. S. ve Greene, P. G. (2010). Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 174-196.
  • Ergenç, F. (2015). Hemşirelerde öğrenilmiş güçlülük, iş doyumu ve stresle baş etme tarzları ilişkisi (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gartner, W. B., Bird, B. J. ve Starr, J. A. (1992). Acting as if: Differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(3), 13-31.
  • Gartner, W. B. ve Carter, N. M. (2003). Entrepreneurial behavior and firm organizing processes. Acs, Z. J. & Audretsch, D. B. (Eds.). Handbook of entrepreneurship research: An interdisciplinary survey and ıntroduction, science & business media içinde (pp.195-221), Berlin: Springer.
  • Gudonavicius, L. ve Fayomi, J. O. (2014). The relation between entrepreneurial personality and strategic decision making. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 24-29.
  • Hatten T. S. (1997). Small business: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Upper Saddle River. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Hornaday, J.A. ve Bunker, C. S. (1970). The nature of the entrepreneur. Personnel Psychology, 23, 47-54.
  • Hornaday, J. A. ve Aboud, J. (1971). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Personnel Psychology, 24, 141-153.
  • Jackson, D. N., Hourany, L. ve Vidmar, N. J. (1972). A four-dimensional interpretation of risk taking. Journal of Personality, 40(3), 483-501.
  • Karakoç, M. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında çalışan öğretmenlerin öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyleri ile iş doyum seviyeleri arasındaki ilişki (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 123-138.
  • Kutanis, R. Ö. (2006). Girişimci kadınlar. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları.
  • Lumpkin, G. T. ve Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
  • McClelland, D. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
  • McClelland, D. (1965). Achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 389-392.
  • McGrath, R. G. ve MacMillan, I. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • McMullen, J. S. ve Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132-152.
  • Öztaykutlu, G. G. (2013). Farklı eğitim kurumlarında çalışan okul öncesi eğitim öğretmenlerinin öğrenilmiş güçlülük seviyeleri ile problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Phares, E. J. (1971). Internal-external control and the reduction of reinforcement value after failure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 386-390.
  • Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353-385.
  • Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D. ve Autio, E. (2004). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2003 executive report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
  • Rosenbaum, M. (1980). A schedule for assessing self-control behaviors: Preliminary findings. Behavior Therapy, 11(1), 109-121.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies of internal versus external control of reinforcements. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-20.
  • Sexton, D. L. ve Bowman, N. (1983). Determining entrepreneurial potential of students: Comparative psychological characteristics analysis. Dallas: Academy of Management, Proceedings.
  • Sexton, D. L. ve Bowman, N. (1985). The entrepreneur: A capable executive and more. Journal of Business Venturing, 1, 129-140.
  • Shane, S. ve Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
  • Shane, S. ve Eckhardt, J. T. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349.
  • Shapero, A. (1975). Entrepreneurship and economic development. Wisconsin, Project Iseed Ltd: The Center for Venture Management.
  • Shaver, K. G. ve Davis, A. E. (2017). The psychology of entrepreneurship: A selective review and a path forward. Ahmetoğlu, G. and Premuzic, T. (Eds.). The wiley handbook of entrepreneurship içinde (pp.97-118). John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Shepherd, D. A., Patzelt, H. ve Haynie, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial spirals: Deviation-amplifying loops of an entrepreneurial mindset and organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(1), 59- 82.
  • Simons, A. D., Lustman, L. P., Wetzel, R. D. ve Murphy, G. E., (1985). Predicting response to cognitive therapy of depression: The role of learned resourcefulness. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9 (1), 79-89.
  • Siva, N. A. (1991). İnfertilite'de Stresle baş etme, öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve depresyonun incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nörolojik Bilimler ve Psikiyatri Enstitüsü.
  • Teague, B. T. ve Gartner, W. B. (2017). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial behavior. Ahmetoğlu, G. and Premuzic, T. (Eds.). The wiley handbook of entrepreneurship içinde (pp.71-94), John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Yürür, Ş. ve Keser, A. (2010). Öğrenilmiş güçlülük: Öğretmenler üzerinde bir uygulama. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1(1), 59-70.

Year 2020, Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue, 81 - 117, 25.12.2020

Melike Turhan , Hatice Baysal

https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846308

Abstract

References

  • Ahmetoğlu, G. ve Premuzic, T. (2017). An individual differences approach to studying entrepreneurial tendencies, the wiley handbook of entrepreneurship, chapter 11. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Published.
  • Akdeniz, H. (2018). Beden eğitimi öğretmenlerinin öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve psikolojik kırılganlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Antoncic, B., Bratkovic Kregar, T., Singh, G., ve DeNoble, A. F. (2013). The big five personality-entrepreneurship relationship: Evidence from Slovenia. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(3), 819-841.
  • Baron, R. A. (1998). Cognitive mechanisms in entrepreneurship: Why and when entrepreneurs think differently than other people. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 275-294.
  • Baron, R. A. ve Henry, H. A. (2010). How entrepreneurs acquire the capacity to excel: Insights from research on expert performance. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 4(1), 49-65.
  • Baron, R. A. (2017). Tools entrepreneurs need for converting dreams to reality-and achieving success, the wiley handbook of entrepreneurship, chapter 6. John Wiley and Sons Ltd Published.
  • Begley, T. M. ve Boyd, D. P. (1987). Psychological characteristics associated with performance in entrepreneurial firms and smaller businesses. Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), 79-93.
  • Bird, B., Schjoedt, L. ve Baum, J. R. (2012). Entrepreneurs’ behavior: Elucidation and measurement. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(5), 889-913.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). Risk taking propensity of entrepreneurs. Academy of Management, 23(3), 509-520.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. (1982). The psychology of the entrepreneur. C. Kent, D. Sexton and K. Vesper, (Eds.). Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship içinde (pp. 39- 57). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
  • Brockhaus, R. H. ve Horwitz, P. S. (1986). The psychology of the entrepreneur. D. L. Sexton and R. W. Smilor (Eds.). The art and the science of entrepreneurship içinde (pp. 25-48). Cambridge, MA, Ballinger Publishing Company.
  • Bygrave, W. (1989). The entrepreneurship paradigm: A philosophical look at its research methodologies. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 14(1), 7- 30.
  • Chell, E., Haworth, J. ve Brearley, S. (1991). The entrepreneurial personality: Cocepts, cases and categories. London: Rutledge.
  • Collins, O. F., Moore, D. G. ve Unwalla, D. B. (1964). The entreprising man. East Lansing: Ml, MSU Business Studies.
  • Courey, L., Feuerstein, M., ve Bush, C. (1982). Self-control and chronic headache. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 26(5), 519-526.
  • Dağ, İ. (1990). Kontrol odağı, stresle başa çıkma stratejileri ve psikolojik belirti gösterme ilişkileri (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Das, T. K. ve Teng, B. S. (1998). Time and entrepreneurial risk behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 22(2), 69-88.
  • De Carlo, J. F. ve Lyons, P. R. (1979). A comparison of selected personal characteristics of minority and nonminority female entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 17(4), 22-29.
  • Douglas, E. ve Shepherd, D. A. (2000). Entrepreneurship as a utility maximizing response. Journal of Business Venturing, 15, 231-251.
  • Edelman, L. F., Brush, C. G., Manolova, T. S. ve Greene, P. G. (2010). Start-up motivations and growth intentions of minority nascent entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Management, 48(2), 174-196.
  • Ergenç, F. (2015). Hemşirelerde öğrenilmiş güçlülük, iş doyumu ve stresle baş etme tarzları ilişkisi (Doktora Tezi). Ege Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Gartner, W. B., Bird, B. J. ve Starr, J. A. (1992). Acting as if: Differentiating entrepreneurial from organizational behavior. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(3), 13-31.
  • Gartner, W. B. ve Carter, N. M. (2003). Entrepreneurial behavior and firm organizing processes. Acs, Z. J. & Audretsch, D. B. (Eds.). Handbook of entrepreneurship research: An interdisciplinary survey and ıntroduction, science & business media içinde (pp.195-221), Berlin: Springer.
  • Gudonavicius, L. ve Fayomi, J. O. (2014). The relation between entrepreneurial personality and strategic decision making. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 156, 24-29.
  • Hatten T. S. (1997). Small business: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Upper Saddle River. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Hornaday, J.A. ve Bunker, C. S. (1970). The nature of the entrepreneur. Personnel Psychology, 23, 47-54.
  • Hornaday, J. A. ve Aboud, J. (1971). Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. Personnel Psychology, 24, 141-153.
  • Jackson, D. N., Hourany, L. ve Vidmar, N. J. (1972). A four-dimensional interpretation of risk taking. Journal of Personality, 40(3), 483-501.
  • Karakoç, M. (2009). İlköğretim okullarında çalışan öğretmenlerin öğrenilmiş güçlülük düzeyleri ile iş doyum seviyeleri arasındaki ilişki (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yeditepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(3), 123-138.
  • Kutanis, R. Ö. (2006). Girişimci kadınlar. İstanbul: Değişim Yayınları.
  • Lumpkin, G. T. ve Dess, G. G. (1996). Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
  • McClelland, D. (1961). The achieving society. Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
  • McClelland, D. (1965). Achievement and entrepreneurship: A longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1, 389-392.
  • McGrath, R. G. ve MacMillan, I. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
  • McMullen, J. S. ve Shepherd, D. A. (2006). Entrepreneurial action and the role of uncertainty in the theory of the entrepreneur. Academy of Management Review, 31(1), 132-152.
  • Öztaykutlu, G. G. (2013). Farklı eğitim kurumlarında çalışan okul öncesi eğitim öğretmenlerinin öğrenilmiş güçlülük seviyeleri ile problem çözme becerilerinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Phares, E. J. (1971). Internal-external control and the reduction of reinforcement value after failure. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 37(3), 386-390.
  • Rauch, A. ve Frese, M. (2007). Let’s put the person back into entrepreneurship research: A meta-analysis on the relationship between business owners’ personality traits, business creation and success. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 16(4), 353-385.
  • Reynolds, P. D., Bygrave, W. D. ve Autio, E. (2004). Global entrepreneurship monitor 2003 executive report. Babson Park, MA: Babson College.
  • Rosenbaum, M. (1980). A schedule for assessing self-control behaviors: Preliminary findings. Behavior Therapy, 11(1), 109-121.
  • Rotter, J. B. (1966). Generalized expectancies of internal versus external control of reinforcements. Psychological Monographs, 80, 1-20.
  • Sexton, D. L. ve Bowman, N. (1983). Determining entrepreneurial potential of students: Comparative psychological characteristics analysis. Dallas: Academy of Management, Proceedings.
  • Sexton, D. L. ve Bowman, N. (1985). The entrepreneur: A capable executive and more. Journal of Business Venturing, 1, 129-140.
  • Shane, S. ve Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of Management Review, 25(1), 217-226.
  • Shane, S. ve Eckhardt, J. T. (2003). Opportunities and entrepreneurship. Journal of Management, 29(3), 333-349.
  • Shapero, A. (1975). Entrepreneurship and economic development. Wisconsin, Project Iseed Ltd: The Center for Venture Management.
  • Shaver, K. G. ve Davis, A. E. (2017). The psychology of entrepreneurship: A selective review and a path forward. Ahmetoğlu, G. and Premuzic, T. (Eds.). The wiley handbook of entrepreneurship içinde (pp.97-118). John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Shepherd, D. A., Patzelt, H. ve Haynie, J. M. (2009). Entrepreneurial spirals: Deviation-amplifying loops of an entrepreneurial mindset and organizational culture. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 34(1), 59- 82.
  • Simons, A. D., Lustman, L. P., Wetzel, R. D. ve Murphy, G. E., (1985). Predicting response to cognitive therapy of depression: The role of learned resourcefulness. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 9 (1), 79-89.
  • Siva, N. A. (1991). İnfertilite'de Stresle baş etme, öğrenilmiş güçlülük ve depresyonun incelenmesi (Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nörolojik Bilimler ve Psikiyatri Enstitüsü.
  • Teague, B. T. ve Gartner, W. B. (2017). Toward a theory of entrepreneurial behavior. Ahmetoğlu, G. and Premuzic, T. (Eds.). The wiley handbook of entrepreneurship içinde (pp.71-94), John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
  • Yürür, Ş. ve Keser, A. (2010). Öğrenilmiş güçlülük: Öğretmenler üzerinde bir uygulama. Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 1(1), 59-70.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Melike Turhan

Hatice Baysal

Publication Date December 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 1 - 19th International Business Congress Special Issue

Cite

APA Turhan, M., & Baysal, H. (2020). GİRİŞİMCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ PROFİL DEĞERLENDİRMELERİNDE ÖĞRENİLMİŞ GÜÇLÜLÜK DÜZEYLERİNİN ROLÜ: TEKNOLOJİ GELİŞTİRME BÖLGELERİ ÖRNEĞİ. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(1), 81-117. https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.846308
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Each submission is sent to at least two expert reviewers. If both reviews are favorable, the article is approved for publication. In cases where one review is positive and the other negative, the editorial board decides based on the reviews or may send the manuscript to a third reviewer.

Articles published in the journal are open access and can be cited under the Creative Commons license, provided proper attribution is made.