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Türkiye'de Dijital Eşitsizlik: TÜBİTAK-BİLTEN Anketleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Year 2005, Issue: 24, 111 - 132, 01.01.2005

Arş. gör. Dr. Lütfü Öztürk

Abstract

Bu çalışmada bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinden yararlanmada yaşanan eşitsizlikleri tanımlamak için kullanılan “Dijital Uçurum” sorunu Türkiye açısından incelenmiştir. Öncelikle dijital uçurumun ülke açısından önemi gösterilmeye çalışılmış ve TÜBİTAK-BİLTEN tarafından 1997 ve 2000 yıllarında Türkiye üzerine gerçekleştirilen saha araştırması sonuçları, diğer ülkelerdeki durumla karşılaştırılarak bir değerlendirme yapılmaya çalışılmıştır. Sorunun giderilmesine yönelik dünyadaki çabalara yer verilerek, Türkiye'de bu sorunun aşılabilmesi için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Mevcut veriler ışığında, Türkiye'de de bir dijital uçurumdan bahsedilebileceği ve gerekli önlemler alınmadığı taktirde sorunun daha da derinleşebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır

Keywords

Dijital uçurum bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri yeni ekonomi

References

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  • ARIAS, O. (2000), “Are All Men Benefiting from the New Economy? Male Economic Marginalization in Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica”, The World Bank, LCSPR Working Paper, January 2000.
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  • BIRDSALL, W. F. (2000), “The Digital Divide in the Liberal State: a Canadian Perspective”, First Monday, 5(12), December 2000, İnternet Adresi: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue5_12/index.html, Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2003.
  • CAMPBELL, D. (2001), “Can the Digital Divide Be Contained?”, International Labour Review, 140 (2), pp.119-141.
  • CID (2002): The Global Information Technology Report 2001-2002: Readiness for the Networked World, Center for International Development at Harvard University, cr/gitr2002_press.html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2003. Adresi:
  • http://www.cid.harvard.edu/
  • COLBY, D. (2001), “Conceptualizing The 'Digital Divide'”, Communication Law & Policy, 6(1), Winter 2001, pp.123-174.
  • CORROCHER, N. and A. ORDANINI (2002), “"Measuring the Digital Divide: A Framework for the Analysis of Cross-Country Differences”, Journal of Information Technology, 17(1), March 2002, pp.9-19.
  • DASGUPTA, S. et al (2001), “Policy Reform, Economic Growth, and the Digital Divide: An Econometric Analysis”, World Bank, Development Research http://econ.worldbank.org/files/ 1615_wps2567.pdf , Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2003. Working Papers, İnternet Adresi:
  • DRAGULANESCU, N. (2002), “Social Impact of the 'Digital Divide' in a Central–Eastern European Country”, The International Information & Library Review, 34(2), June 2002, pp.139-151.
  • DURA, C. ve H. ATİK (2002), Bilgi Toplumu, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Türkiye, Literatür Yayınları No: 72, Mart 2002, İstanbul.
  • FREIRE, F. (1999), “Inequality and Information Technology: A Preliminary Assessment”, The World Bank, February 1999.
  • GDI (2001): "A Global ICT Skills Offensive to Bridge the Digital Divide Between North and South" German Development Institute, Briefing Paper (2/2001).
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  • ILO (2001), “The Digital Divide: Employment and Development Implications”, International Labour Review, 140(2), pp.113-117 ITU (2001), Yearbook of Statistics:
  • Telecommunication Services
  • Chronological Time Series 1991-2000, International Telecommuncation
  • Union, ITU Publications, Geneva.
  • _________(2002), World Telecommunication Development Report 2002: Reinventing Telecoms, International Telecommuncation Union, ITU Publications, Geneva.
  • JUNG, J. et al (2001), “Internet Connectedness and Inequality: Beyond the Divide”, Communication Research, 28 (4), pp.507-535.
  • NORRIS, P. (2001), Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • OECD (2001), Understanding Digital Divide, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development), Paris.
  • ÖZCİVELEK, R., vd. (2000), “Sayısal Uçurum: Dünya ve Türkiye'de Durum”, VI.Türkiye'de Internet Konferansı, 9-11 Kasım 2000, İstanbul.
  • ÖZTÜRK, L. ve S. BAŞAR (2002), “Yeni Ekonomi ve Elektronik Ticaret: Dünyadaki Gelişmeler ve Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 16(3/4), pp.11-30.
  • ÖZTÜRK, L. (2002), “Dijital Uçurumun Küresel Boyutları”, Ege Üniversitesi, Ege Akademik Bakış, 2(1), pp.127-136.
  • PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE, 2002, İnternet Adresi: http://www. neweconomyindex.org, Erişim Trihi: 21.12.2003.
  • RICCI, A. (2000), “Measuring Information Society: Dynamics of European Data on Usage of Information and Communication Technologies in Europe Since 1995”, Telematics & Informatics, 17(1), pp.141-167.
  • RODRIGUEZ, F. and E. J. WILSON III (2000), “Are Poor Countries Losing the Information Revolution?”, The World Bank Group, Global Information and Communication Technologies Department, The Information for Development Program Working Paper, May 2000. İnternet Adresi: http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/library/papers/ewilson/apxc.pdf, Tarihi: 20.08.2003. Erişim
  • QUIBRIA, M.G. et al (2003), “Digital Divide: Determinants and Policies With Special Reference to Asia”, Journal of Asian Economics, 13, pp. 811- 825.
  • TELEKOMÜNİKASYON KURUMU (2002), Sayısal Uçurum (Digital Divide), Telekomünikasyon Kurumu Sektörel Araştırma ve Stratejiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, http://www.tk.gov.tr/pdf/Sayisal_Ucurum.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2004. Ankara, İnternet Adresi:
  • TÜBİTAK-BİLTEN (1998), Yetenek ve Kullanım Saptaması, TÜBİTAK- BİLTEN, pdf/1200-G-T-A-2.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2003. Adresi:
  • http://www.tuena.tubitak.gov.tr/rapor/
  • ________(2001), Bilgi Teknolojileri Yaygınlık ve Kullanım Araştırması 2000, Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ocak 2001, Ankara.
  • ________(2002), Instruments to Combat Digital Divide: An Evaluation Based on the Turkish Experience, TÜBİTAK BİLTEN, Mart 2002, Ankara.
  • U.S. DEPARMENT OF COMMERCE (1998), "Falling Through the Net II: New Data on the Digital Divide", U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunication and Information Administration, July 1998. İnternet Adresi: 11.01.2003. Erişim Tarihi:
  • ________(1999), "Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide", U.S. Department Information Administration, A Report on the Telecommunications and Information Technology Gap in America, July 1999, İnternet Adresi: http:// www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/contents.html, Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2003. National
  • Telecommunications and
  • _________(2000), "Falling Through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion", U.S. Department Information Administration, A Report on Americans’ Access to National
  • Telecommunications and Technology http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn00/Falling.htm, 11.01.2003. October 2000, İnternet Adresi: Tarihi: Erişim
  • WARSCHAUER, M. (2002), “Reconceptualizing the Digital Divide”, First Monday, 7(7), July 1st 2002, İnternet Adresi: http://www.firstmonday.dk issues/issue7_7/index, html. Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2003.

Year 2005, Issue: 24, 111 - 132, 01.01.2005

Arş. gör. Dr. Lütfü Öztürk

Abstract

References

  • ACC, (1997), “Statement on Universal Access to Basic Communication and Information Services”, İnternet Adresi: http://www.itu.int/acc/rtc/acc- rep.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 12.06.2003.
  • ARIAS, O. (2000), “Are All Men Benefiting from the New Economy? Male Economic Marginalization in Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica”, The World Bank, LCSPR Working Paper, January 2000.
  • BARBET, P. and N. COUTINET (2001): “Measuring the Digital Economy: State- of-the-Art Developments and Future Prospects”, Communications & Strategies, 42(2), pp. 1-23.
  • BIRDSALL, W. F. (2000), “The Digital Divide in the Liberal State: a Canadian Perspective”, First Monday, 5(12), December 2000, İnternet Adresi: http://www.firstmonday.dk/issues/issue5_12/index.html, Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2003.
  • CAMPBELL, D. (2001), “Can the Digital Divide Be Contained?”, International Labour Review, 140 (2), pp.119-141.
  • CID (2002): The Global Information Technology Report 2001-2002: Readiness for the Networked World, Center for International Development at Harvard University, cr/gitr2002_press.html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2003. Adresi:
  • http://www.cid.harvard.edu/
  • COLBY, D. (2001), “Conceptualizing The 'Digital Divide'”, Communication Law & Policy, 6(1), Winter 2001, pp.123-174.
  • CORROCHER, N. and A. ORDANINI (2002), “"Measuring the Digital Divide: A Framework for the Analysis of Cross-Country Differences”, Journal of Information Technology, 17(1), March 2002, pp.9-19.
  • DASGUPTA, S. et al (2001), “Policy Reform, Economic Growth, and the Digital Divide: An Econometric Analysis”, World Bank, Development Research http://econ.worldbank.org/files/ 1615_wps2567.pdf , Erişim Tarihi: 21.10.2003. Working Papers, İnternet Adresi:
  • DRAGULANESCU, N. (2002), “Social Impact of the 'Digital Divide' in a Central–Eastern European Country”, The International Information & Library Review, 34(2), June 2002, pp.139-151.
  • DURA, C. ve H. ATİK (2002), Bilgi Toplumu, Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Türkiye, Literatür Yayınları No: 72, Mart 2002, İstanbul.
  • FREIRE, F. (1999), “Inequality and Information Technology: A Preliminary Assessment”, The World Bank, February 1999.
  • GDI (2001): "A Global ICT Skills Offensive to Bridge the Digital Divide Between North and South" German Development Institute, Briefing Paper (2/2001).
  • http://europa.eu.int/comm/information_society/eeurope/index_en.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 7.02.2004.
  • http://www.bridges.org, Erişim Tarihi: 11.12.2003.
  • http://www.digitaldivide.gov, Erişim Tarihi: 23.02.2004.
  • http://www.digitaldivide.org, Erişim Tarihi: 23.02.2004.
  • http://www.digitaldividenetwork.org, Erişim Tarihi: 21.12.2003.
  • http://www. neweconomyindex.org, Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2003.
  • http://www.pbs.org/digitaldivide, Erişim Tarihi: 17.03.2004.
  • IDC (2002): “World Times Information Society Index: Measuring the Global Impact of Information Technology and Internet Adoption.” International Data Corporation, İnternet Adresi: http://www.idc.com, Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2004.
  • ILO (2001), “The Digital Divide: Employment and Development Implications”, International Labour Review, 140(2), pp.113-117 ITU (2001), Yearbook of Statistics:
  • Telecommunication Services
  • Chronological Time Series 1991-2000, International Telecommuncation
  • Union, ITU Publications, Geneva.
  • _________(2002), World Telecommunication Development Report 2002: Reinventing Telecoms, International Telecommuncation Union, ITU Publications, Geneva.
  • JUNG, J. et al (2001), “Internet Connectedness and Inequality: Beyond the Divide”, Communication Research, 28 (4), pp.507-535.
  • NORRIS, P. (2001), Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide, Cambridge University Press, New York.
  • OECD (2001), Understanding Digital Divide, OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development), Paris.
  • ÖZCİVELEK, R., vd. (2000), “Sayısal Uçurum: Dünya ve Türkiye'de Durum”, VI.Türkiye'de Internet Konferansı, 9-11 Kasım 2000, İstanbul.
  • ÖZTÜRK, L. ve S. BAŞAR (2002), “Yeni Ekonomi ve Elektronik Ticaret: Dünyadaki Gelişmeler ve Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme”, Atatürk Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 16(3/4), pp.11-30.
  • ÖZTÜRK, L. (2002), “Dijital Uçurumun Küresel Boyutları”, Ege Üniversitesi, Ege Akademik Bakış, 2(1), pp.127-136.
  • PROGRESSIVE POLICY INSTITUTE, 2002, İnternet Adresi: http://www. neweconomyindex.org, Erişim Trihi: 21.12.2003.
  • RICCI, A. (2000), “Measuring Information Society: Dynamics of European Data on Usage of Information and Communication Technologies in Europe Since 1995”, Telematics & Informatics, 17(1), pp.141-167.
  • RODRIGUEZ, F. and E. J. WILSON III (2000), “Are Poor Countries Losing the Information Revolution?”, The World Bank Group, Global Information and Communication Technologies Department, The Information for Development Program Working Paper, May 2000. İnternet Adresi: http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/library/papers/ewilson/apxc.pdf, Tarihi: 20.08.2003. Erişim
  • QUIBRIA, M.G. et al (2003), “Digital Divide: Determinants and Policies With Special Reference to Asia”, Journal of Asian Economics, 13, pp. 811- 825.
  • TELEKOMÜNİKASYON KURUMU (2002), Sayısal Uçurum (Digital Divide), Telekomünikasyon Kurumu Sektörel Araştırma ve Stratejiler Dairesi Başkanlığı, http://www.tk.gov.tr/pdf/Sayisal_Ucurum.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2004. Ankara, İnternet Adresi:
  • TÜBİTAK-BİLTEN (1998), Yetenek ve Kullanım Saptaması, TÜBİTAK- BİLTEN, pdf/1200-G-T-A-2.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 20.10.2003. Adresi:
  • http://www.tuena.tubitak.gov.tr/rapor/
  • ________(2001), Bilgi Teknolojileri Yaygınlık ve Kullanım Araştırması 2000, Bilgi Teknolojileri ve Araştırma Enstitüsü, Ocak 2001, Ankara.
  • ________(2002), Instruments to Combat Digital Divide: An Evaluation Based on the Turkish Experience, TÜBİTAK BİLTEN, Mart 2002, Ankara.
  • U.S. DEPARMENT OF COMMERCE (1998), "Falling Through the Net II: New Data on the Digital Divide", U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunication and Information Administration, July 1998. İnternet Adresi: 11.01.2003. Erişim Tarihi:
  • ________(1999), "Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide", U.S. Department Information Administration, A Report on the Telecommunications and Information Technology Gap in America, July 1999, İnternet Adresi: http:// www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn99/contents.html, Erişim Tarihi: 11.01.2003. National
  • Telecommunications and
  • _________(2000), "Falling Through the Net: Toward Digital Inclusion", U.S. Department Information Administration, A Report on Americans’ Access to National
  • Telecommunications and Technology http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/fttn00/Falling.htm, 11.01.2003. October 2000, İnternet Adresi: Tarihi: Erişim
  • WARSCHAUER, M. (2002), “Reconceptualizing the Digital Divide”, First Monday, 7(7), July 1st 2002, İnternet Adresi: http://www.firstmonday.dk issues/issue7_7/index, html. Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2003.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Arş. gör. Dr. Lütfü Öztürk This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2005
Published in Issue Year 2005 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Öztürk, A. . . . . . D. . L. (2005). Türkiye’de Dijital Eşitsizlik: TÜBİTAK-BİLTEN Anketleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme. Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi(24), 111-132.

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