Research Article
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Self-Disclosure Statements for Stuttering: A Qualitative Self-Report Study

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 75 - 82, 15.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1272133

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the wording, context, and timing used by adults who stutter (AWS) to self-disclose stuttering, and other aspects of their identity; and to examine the approaches speech language therapists (SLTs) in Turkey employ while developing self-disclosure statements with their adult clients and their thoughts on contribution of self-disclosure to their practices. Material and Methods: Thirty-nine AWS and 20 SLTs participated in this study. Information was obtained about self-disclosure statements via the AWS questionnaire, and information on why and how SLTs worked with AWS to create self-disclosure statements was obtained via the SLT questionnaire. Responses were freely coded, then thematic content analysis was carried out. Results: Responses indicated that 71.05% of AWS used direct self-disclosure statements; 63.2% disclosed themselves in job interviews, and 46.2% used self-disclosure statements at the beginning of the conversations. SLTs’ responses showed that 52.6%’s clients used direct self-disclosure statements, 40% used brainstorming to develop statements, and 50% used self-disclosure practices as it reduced anxiety and fear. Conclusion: The study’s findings suggest that AWS tailor self-disclosure statements based on the context, time, and depth of communication in which they will receive the most positive listener responses in interaction. The reports of SLTs indicate that they frequently employ practices that are attentive to individual needs based on knowledge.

References

  • Ambrose, N. G., Yairi, E., Loucks, T. M., Seery, C. H., & Throneburg, R. (2015). Relation of motor, linguistic and temperament factors in epidemiologic subtypes of persistent and recovered stuttering: initial findings. J Fluency Disord, 45, 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.05.004
  • American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Preferred practice patterns for the profession of speech-language pathology. [Preferred Practice Patterns].
  • Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Tellis, G. M., & Gabel, R. M. (2003). A preliminary study of self-esteem, stigma, and disclosure in adolescents who stutter. J Fluency Disord, 28(2), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00010-X
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Byrd, C. T., Croft, R., Gkalitsiou, Z., & Hampton, E. (2017). Clinical utility of self-disclosure for adults who stutter: apologetic versus informative statements. J Fluency Disord, 54, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.09.001
  • Byrd, C. T., McGill, M., Gkalitsiou, Z., & Cappellini, C. (2017). The effects of self-disclosure on male and female perceptions of individuals who stutter. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 26(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0164
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1997). Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: a practical guide. J Learn Sci, 6(3), 271–315. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0603_1
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.):Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Healey, E. C., Gabel, R. M., Daniels, D. E., & Kawai, N. (2007). The effects of self-disclosure and non self-disclosure of stuttering on listeners’ perceptions of a person who stutters. J Fluency Disord, 32(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.12.003
  • Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (1997). A guide to conducting consensual qualitative research. Couns Psychol, 25(4), 517–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000097254001
  • Hollister, J., Van Horne, A. O., & Zebrowski, P. (2017). The relationship between grammatical development and disfluencies in preschool children who stutter and those who recover. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 26(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0022
  • Jones, R. M., Conture, E. G., & Walden, T. A. (2014). Emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter. J Commun Disord, 48, 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.02.001
  • Kara, İ., & Karamete, A. (2023). Comparison of self-reported peer-bullying victimization in-school period of adults who do and do not stutter: a retrospective survey study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 8(1), 22–8. https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2022-92418
  • McGill, M., Siegel, J., Nguyen, D., & Rodriguez, S. (2018). Self-report of self-disclosure statements for stuttering. J Fluency Disord, 58, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.004
  • Nil, L. F. De, & Brutten, G. J. (1991). Speech-associated attitudes of stuttering and nonstuttering children. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 34(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3401.60
  • Omarzu, J. (2000). A Disclosure Decision Model: determining how and when individuals will self-disclose. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 4(2), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_05
  • Özdemir, R. S., St. Louis, K. O., & Topbaş, S. (2011). Stuttering attitudes among Turkish family generations and neighbors from representative samples. J Fluency Disord, 36(4), 318–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.07.002
  • Riper, V. C. (1973). The treatment of stuttering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Syed, M., & Nelson, S. C. (2015). Guidelines for establishing reliability when coding narrative data. Emerg Adulthood, 3(6), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815587648
  • Usler, E., Smith, A., & Weber, C. (2017). A lag in speech motor coordination during sentence production is associated with stuttering persistence in young children. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 60(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0367
  • Watson, J. B., Byrd, C. T., & Carlo, E. J. (2011). Effects of length, complexity, and grammatical correctness on stuttering in Spanish-speaking preschool children. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 20(3), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0019)
  • Zaller, J., & Feldman, S. (1992). A simple theory of the survey response: answering questions versus revealing preferences. Am J Pol Sci, 36, 579–616. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111583

Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 75 - 82, 15.09.2023
https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1272133

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Türkçe konuşan kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerin kekemeliklerini açma için kullandıkları ifade biçimlerini, bağlamlarını, zamanlamalarını incelemek; kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerin kekemeliğin yanı sıra kimliklerinin diğer yönlerini açma durumları ve bu durumlarda kullandıkları ifade biçimlerini araştırmak ve Türkiye’deki dil ve konuşma terapistlerinin (DKT’lerin) kekemeliği olan yetişkin danışanlarıyla kendini açma ifadesi geliştirirken kullandıkları yaklaşımları ve kendini açmanın uygulamalarına katkısı hakkında görüşlerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 39 kekemeliği olan yetişkin ve 20 DKT katılmıştır. Kekemeliği olan yetişkin anketiyle kullandıkları kendini açma ifadeleri ve bu ifadeleri kullandıkları bağlamlar; DKT anketiyle kendini açma ifadelerini oluşturmak için kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerle neden ve nasıl çalıştıkları hakkında bilgi elde edilmiştir. Serbest kodlama sonrası tematik içerik analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerin %71,05’i doğrudan ifadeler kullandığını, %63,2’si iş görüşmelerinde kendilerini açtıklarını, %46,2’si kendini etkileşimin başında açtığını bildirmiştir. DKT’lerin %52,6’sı danışanlarının doğrudan ifadeleri kullandığını, %40’ı ifadeleri oluştururken beyin fırtınası yaklaşımından yararlandığını, %50’si kendini açma uygulamasının kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerin kaygı ve korkularını azalttığını bildirmiştir. Tartışma: Bu çalışmanın bulguları kekemeliği olan yetişkinlerin kendini açma ifadelerini etkileşimde en olumlu dinleyici tepkilerini alacakları bağlam, zaman ve iletişim derinliğine uygun biçimde kullandıklarını düşündürmektedir. DKT’lerin bildirimleri de danışanların bireysel ihtiyaçlarına özenli ve bilgiye dayalı uygulamaları kullanma eğilimi gösterdikleri yönündedir.

References

  • Ambrose, N. G., Yairi, E., Loucks, T. M., Seery, C. H., & Throneburg, R. (2015). Relation of motor, linguistic and temperament factors in epidemiologic subtypes of persistent and recovered stuttering: initial findings. J Fluency Disord, 45, 12–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2015.05.004
  • American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Preferred practice patterns for the profession of speech-language pathology. [Preferred Practice Patterns].
  • Blood, G. W., Blood, I. M., Tellis, G. M., & Gabel, R. M. (2003). A preliminary study of self-esteem, stigma, and disclosure in adolescents who stutter. J Fluency Disord, 28(2), 143–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0094-730X(03)00010-X
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Byrd, C. T., Croft, R., Gkalitsiou, Z., & Hampton, E. (2017). Clinical utility of self-disclosure for adults who stutter: apologetic versus informative statements. J Fluency Disord, 54, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.09.001
  • Byrd, C. T., McGill, M., Gkalitsiou, Z., & Cappellini, C. (2017). The effects of self-disclosure on male and female perceptions of individuals who stutter. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 26(1), 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0164
  • Chi, M. T. H. (1997). Quantifying qualitative analyses of verbal data: a practical guide. J Learn Sci, 6(3), 271–315. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls0603_1
  • Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2008). Basics of qualitative research (3rd ed.):Techniques and Procedures for Developing Grounded Theory. Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Healey, E. C., Gabel, R. M., Daniels, D. E., & Kawai, N. (2007). The effects of self-disclosure and non self-disclosure of stuttering on listeners’ perceptions of a person who stutters. J Fluency Disord, 32(1), 51–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2006.12.003
  • Hill, C. E., Thompson, B. J., & Williams, E. N. (1997). A guide to conducting consensual qualitative research. Couns Psychol, 25(4), 517–572. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000097254001
  • Hollister, J., Van Horne, A. O., & Zebrowski, P. (2017). The relationship between grammatical development and disfluencies in preschool children who stutter and those who recover. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 26(1), 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_AJSLP-15-0022
  • Jones, R. M., Conture, E. G., & Walden, T. A. (2014). Emotional reactivity and regulation associated with fluent and stuttered utterances of preschool-age children who stutter. J Commun Disord, 48, 38–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2014.02.001
  • Kara, İ., & Karamete, A. (2023). Comparison of self-reported peer-bullying victimization in-school period of adults who do and do not stutter: a retrospective survey study. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci, 8(1), 22–8. https://doi.org/10.5336/healthsci.2022-92418
  • McGill, M., Siegel, J., Nguyen, D., & Rodriguez, S. (2018). Self-report of self-disclosure statements for stuttering. J Fluency Disord, 58, 22–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2018.09.004
  • Nil, L. F. De, & Brutten, G. J. (1991). Speech-associated attitudes of stuttering and nonstuttering children. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 34(1), 60–66. https://doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3401.60
  • Omarzu, J. (2000). A Disclosure Decision Model: determining how and when individuals will self-disclose. Pers Soc Psychol Rev, 4(2), 174–185. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327957PSPR0402_05
  • Özdemir, R. S., St. Louis, K. O., & Topbaş, S. (2011). Stuttering attitudes among Turkish family generations and neighbors from representative samples. J Fluency Disord, 36(4), 318–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfludis.2011.07.002
  • Riper, V. C. (1973). The treatment of stuttering. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Syed, M., & Nelson, S. C. (2015). Guidelines for establishing reliability when coding narrative data. Emerg Adulthood, 3(6), 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696815587648
  • Usler, E., Smith, A., & Weber, C. (2017). A lag in speech motor coordination during sentence production is associated with stuttering persistence in young children. J Speech Lang Hear Res, 60(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0367
  • Watson, J. B., Byrd, C. T., & Carlo, E. J. (2011). Effects of length, complexity, and grammatical correctness on stuttering in Spanish-speaking preschool children. Am J Speech Lang Pathol, 20(3), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2011/10-0019)
  • Zaller, J., & Feldman, S. (1992). A simple theory of the survey response: answering questions versus revealing preferences. Am J Pol Sci, 36, 579–616. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111583
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Rehabilitation, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşe İlayda Mutlu 0000-0001-6662-1553

İlkem Kara 0000-0001-9786-4769

Publication Date September 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Mutlu, A. İ., & Kara, İ. (2023). Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, 11(3), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1272133
AMA Mutlu Aİ, Kara İ. Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. September 2023;11(3):75-82. doi:10.30720/ered.1272133
Chicago Mutlu, Ayşe İlayda, and İlkem Kara. “Kekemelik için Kendini açma Ifadeleri: Nitel öz Bildirim çalışması”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11, no. 3 (September 2023): 75-82. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1272133.
EndNote Mutlu Aİ, Kara İ (September 1, 2023) Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11 3 75–82.
IEEE A. İ. Mutlu and İ. Kara, “Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması”, Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 75–82, 2023, doi: 10.30720/ered.1272133.
ISNAD Mutlu, Ayşe İlayda - Kara, İlkem. “Kekemelik için Kendini açma Ifadeleri: Nitel öz Bildirim çalışması”. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi 11/3 (September 2023), 75-82. https://doi.org/10.30720/ered.1272133.
JAMA Mutlu Aİ, Kara İ. Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11:75–82.
MLA Mutlu, Ayşe İlayda and İlkem Kara. “Kekemelik için Kendini açma Ifadeleri: Nitel öz Bildirim çalışması”. Ergoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi, vol. 11, no. 3, 2023, pp. 75-82, doi:10.30720/ered.1272133.
Vancouver Mutlu Aİ, Kara İ. Kekemelik için kendini açma ifadeleri: Nitel öz bildirim çalışması. Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi. 2023;11(3):75-82.

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