TÜRK İTFAİYECİLERDE BİR MESLEKİ PSİKOLOJİK HASTALIK OLARAK TRAVMA SONRASI STRES

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 186 - 196, 15.08.2024

Recep Baltacı , Ali İşeri

https://doi.org/10.33439/ergonomi.1422118

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın birincil amacı, birçok ülkede itfaiyeciler için bir meslek hastalığı olarak görülen Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğunun (TSSB) Türkiye’de profesyonel olarak çalışan itfaiye personeli arasındaki yaygınlığını tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla DSM IV kriterlerine dayanan PTDS yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu soruların yanında demografik, mesleki ve psikososyal risklere yönelik bazı sorular da anket formuna eklenmiştir. Çalışmaya Antalya, Adana, Konya ve Ankara Büyükşehir Belediye İtfaiye Dairesinde çalışan 273 personel gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Olası TSSB yaygınlığı, PTDS yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Bununla beraber toplam şiddet skoru metriği üzerinden bazı faktörlerin TSSB’ye etkisi de incelenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlara göre Türk itfaiyecilerinde TSSB yaygınlığı %16,5 (%95 güven aralığıyla %12,3-%21,4) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu oran farklı ülkelerdeki itfaiyeciler üzerinde yapılan çalışmalara kıyasla düşük sayılabilir. Ancak genel popülasyon oranlarıyla kıyaslandığında oldukça yüksektir. Bu da TSSB’nin itfaiyeciler için bir meslek hastalığı olduğu tezini güçlendirmektedir. Yapılan ayrıntılı analizlerde TSSB toplam şiddet skoru üzerinde yaş, medeni durum, eğitim, gelir, sigara ve alkol kullanımı, deneyim gibi faktörlerin anlamlı etkisi ortaya konamazken, çalışılan il, psikolojik tedavi geçmişi, mesleği isteyerek seçmek, mobbing uygulamalarına maruz kaldığını düşünmek, müdahale edilen olay sayısı gibi faktörlerin anlamlı etkisi olduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum psikososyal risklerin etkisini de ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

Meslek hastalığı, İtfaiye, İş sağlığı ve güvenliği, Travma sonrası stres, Mesleki epidemiyoloji

POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS AS AN OCCUPATIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL DISEASE IN TURKISH FIREFIGHTERS

Abstract

The primary objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), acknowledged as an occupational disease for firefighters in numerous countries, within the professional firefighter community in Turkey. To achieve this objective, the PTSD method based on DSM-IV criteria was employed. In addition to these queries, the survey incorporated questions related to demographic, occupation, and psychosocial risks. A total of 273 personnel who were employed in the Municipal Fire Departments of Antalya, Adana, Konya, and Ankara voluntarily participated. The potential prevalence of PTSD was calculated using the PTSD method. Furthermore, an examination of the effect of various factors on PTSD was conducted through the total severity score metric. According to the findings, the prevalence of PTSD among Turkish firefighters was determined to be 16.5% (95% confidence interval: 12.3%-21.4%). While this rate might be considered lower than studies conducted on firefighters in different countries, it is notably higher when compared to general population rates. This reinforces the assertion that PTSD is indeed an occupational disease for firefighters. In detailed analyses, significant effects of factors such as age, marital status, education, income, smoking and alcohol use, and experience could not be revealed on the total severity score of PTSD. However, factors such as the city of employment, history of psychological treatment, choosing the profession willingly, perceiving exposure to mobbing practices, and the number of incidents intervened showed a significant impact. This underscores the influence of psychosocial risks.

Keywords

Occupational disease, Fire brigades, Occupational safety and health, Post-traumatic stress, Occupational epidemiology

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