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Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants

Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 347 - 355, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852

Abstract

In parallel with the increasing tyre production in the world, the amount of scrap tyres is also increasing. Within the scope of scrap tyre management, studies aimed at preventing the accumulation of tyres that threaten the world in terms of human health and the environment can be briefly defined as 4RL, including recycling, reuse, recovery, regeneration, landfill. Current methods have not yet completely controlled the accumulation of scrap tires. In this study, sidewall and tread parts of scrap tires with different compositions were pyrolyzed separately. Pyrolytic carbon black has been upgraded with an improved acid-base extraction method. Two different carbon blacks of high commercial value were obtained from the tire sidewall and tread. Since the mixture obtained from acidic-basic extraction, consisting of elements such as Zn, K, Na, Ca and S, are micro and macro nutrients of plants, the solution can be used directly in the fertilizer industry. With this study, the commercial value of solid residue, which is a major bottleneck in tire pyrolysis plants, has been increased. The pyrolysis method has been transformed into a more feasible project.

References

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  • E. R. Umeki, C. F. Oliveira, R. B. Torres, and R. G. Santos, “Physico-chemistry properties of fuel blends composed of diesel and tyre pyrolysis oil,” Fuel, Vol. 185, pp. 236–242, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • M. R. Islam, M.U.H. Joardder, S.M. Hasan, K. Takai, and H. Haniu, “Feasibility study for thermal treatment of solid tire wastes in Bangladesh by using pyrolysis technology,” Waste Management, Vol. 31(9-10), pp. 2142-2149, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • S. B. Liang, and Y. C. Hao, “A novel cryogenic grinding system for recycling scrap tyre peels,” Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 187–197, 2000. [CrossRef]
  • N. Sunthonpagasit, and M. R. Duffey, “Scrap tyres to crumb rubber: Feasibility analysis for processing facilities,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 40, pp. 281–299, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • U. S. Vural, S. Uysal, and A. Yinanc, “The improved diesel-like fuel from upgraded tire pyrolytic oil,” Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, Vol 87(10), pp. 1219–1235, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • P. T. Williams, and R. P. Bottrill, “Sulfur-polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in tyre pyrolysis oil,” Fuel, Vol. 74, pp. 736–742, 1995. [CrossRef]
  • A. Quek, “Balasubramanian, R., Low-energy and chemical-free activation of pyrolytic tyre char and its adsorption characteristics,” Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 59, pp. 747–756, 2009. [CrossRef]
  • I. Hita, M. Arabiourrutia, M. Olazar, J. Bilbao, J. M. Arandes, and P. Castano, “Opportunities and barriers for producing high quality fuels from the pyrolysis of scrap tyres,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 56, pp. 745–759, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • EMR, “Global Carbon Black Market Size, Share, Price, Trends, Report and Forecast 2020-2025,” Expert Market Research, EMR Press, UK, Available: http://www.expertmarketresearch.com Accessed on Jun 22, 2021).
  • J. Yu, J. Xu, Z. Li, W. He, J. Huang, J. Xu, and G. Li. “Upgrading pyrolytic carbon-blacks (CBp) from end-of-life tires: Characteristics and modification methodologies,” Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, Vol. 14(2), Article 19, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Chaala, H. Darmstadt, and C. Roy, “Acid-base method for the demineralization of pyrolytic carbon black”, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 46, pp. 1-15, 1996. [CrossRef]
  • S. Kumar, S. Kumar, and T. Mohapatra, “Interaction between macro‐ and micro-nutrients in plants,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.12, Article 665583, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Rao. “Essential Plant Nutrients and their Functions,” CIAT Working Document No: 209. Colombia. 36, 2009.
  • F. Ozkutlu, B. Torun, and I. Cakmak, “Effect of Zinc humate on growth of soybean and wheat in Zinc‐deficient calcareous soil,” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 37(15-20), pp. 2769-2778, 2006. [CrossRef]
  • J. J. Mortvedt, and R. J. Gilkes, Zinc Fertilizers: In. A. D. Robson (Eds.), “Zinc in Soils and Plants, Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,” Dordrecht: Springer; Vol 55, pp. 33-34, 1993. [CrossRef]
  • W. Balasooriya, B. Schrittesser, G. Pinter, T. Schwarz, and L. Conzatti, “The effect of the surface area of carbon black grades on HNBR in harsh environments, Polymers,” Vol 11(61), pp.1-20, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • M. Wang, L. Zhang, A. Li, M. Irfan, Y. Du, and W. Di, “Comparative pyrolysis behaviors of tire tread and side wall from waste tire and characterization of the resulting chars,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 232, pp. 364-371, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • N. Cardona, F. Campuzano, M. Betancur, L. Jaramillo, and J. D. Martínez, “Possibilities of carbon black recovery from waste tyre pyrolysis to be used as additive in rubber goods -a review-.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 437, Article 012012, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • Toyota Car Corp. “Rubber composition for tire sidewall,“ Patent No: JP2009114254A, 2009-05-28.
  • Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. “Rubber composition for a base tread, and tire,“ Patent No: JP5466415B2, 2014-04-09.
  • L. Moulin, S. Silva, A. Bounaceur, M. Herblot, and Y. Soudais. “Assessment of recovered carbon black obtained by waste tires steam water thermolysis: An industrial application,” Waste and Biomass Valorization, Vol. 8(8), pp. 2757-2770, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • E. Yazdani, S. H. Hashemabadi, and A. Taghizadeh, “Study of waste tire pyrolysis in a rotary kiln reactor in a wide range of pyrolysis temperature,” Waste Management, Vol. 85, pp. 195–201, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • R. Mis-Fernandez, J. A. Azamar-Barrios, and C. R. Rios-Soberanis, “Characterization of the powder obtained from wasted tires reduced by pyrolysis and thermal shock process,” Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Vol. 6(2), pp. 95-105, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • H. Fang, Z. Hou, L. Shan, X. Cai, and Z. Xin., “Influence of pyrolytic carbon black derived from waste tires at varied temperatures within an industrial continuous rotating moving bed system,” Polymers, Vol. 15, Article 3460, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • W. Li, “Coal desulfurization with sodium hypochlorite,” Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. West Virginia University, Article 1498, 2004.
  • M. Van Leeuwen, “Recent developments in the global zinc and HDG markets,” ACSZ 25th Hot Dip Galvanizing Conference, České Budějovice, October 2-4, 2019.
Year 2024, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 347 - 355, 30.09.2024
https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852

Abstract

References

  • X. Zhang., H. Li, Q. Cao, J. Li, and F. Wang, “Upgrading pyrolytic residue from waste tyres to commercial carbon black,” Waste Management & Research, Vol. 36(5), pp. 436-444, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • E. R. Umeki, C. F. Oliveira, R. B. Torres, and R. G. Santos, “Physico-chemistry properties of fuel blends composed of diesel and tyre pyrolysis oil,” Fuel, Vol. 185, pp. 236–242, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • M. R. Islam, M.U.H. Joardder, S.M. Hasan, K. Takai, and H. Haniu, “Feasibility study for thermal treatment of solid tire wastes in Bangladesh by using pyrolysis technology,” Waste Management, Vol. 31(9-10), pp. 2142-2149, 2011. [CrossRef]
  • S. B. Liang, and Y. C. Hao, “A novel cryogenic grinding system for recycling scrap tyre peels,” Advanced Powder Technology, Vol. 11, pp. 187–197, 2000. [CrossRef]
  • N. Sunthonpagasit, and M. R. Duffey, “Scrap tyres to crumb rubber: Feasibility analysis for processing facilities,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 40, pp. 281–299, 2004. [CrossRef]
  • U. S. Vural, S. Uysal, and A. Yinanc, “The improved diesel-like fuel from upgraded tire pyrolytic oil,” Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, Vol 87(10), pp. 1219–1235, 2022. [CrossRef]
  • P. T. Williams, and R. P. Bottrill, “Sulfur-polycyclic aromatic-hydrocarbons in tyre pyrolysis oil,” Fuel, Vol. 74, pp. 736–742, 1995. [CrossRef]
  • A. Quek, “Balasubramanian, R., Low-energy and chemical-free activation of pyrolytic tyre char and its adsorption characteristics,” Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association, Vol. 59, pp. 747–756, 2009. [CrossRef]
  • I. Hita, M. Arabiourrutia, M. Olazar, J. Bilbao, J. M. Arandes, and P. Castano, “Opportunities and barriers for producing high quality fuels from the pyrolysis of scrap tyres,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 56, pp. 745–759, 2016. [CrossRef]
  • EMR, “Global Carbon Black Market Size, Share, Price, Trends, Report and Forecast 2020-2025,” Expert Market Research, EMR Press, UK, Available: http://www.expertmarketresearch.com Accessed on Jun 22, 2021).
  • J. Yu, J. Xu, Z. Li, W. He, J. Huang, J. Xu, and G. Li. “Upgrading pyrolytic carbon-blacks (CBp) from end-of-life tires: Characteristics and modification methodologies,” Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, Vol. 14(2), Article 19, 2020. [CrossRef]
  • A. Chaala, H. Darmstadt, and C. Roy, “Acid-base method for the demineralization of pyrolytic carbon black”, Fuel Processing Technology, Vol. 46, pp. 1-15, 1996. [CrossRef]
  • S. Kumar, S. Kumar, and T. Mohapatra, “Interaction between macro‐ and micro-nutrients in plants,” Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol.12, Article 665583, 2021. [CrossRef]
  • M. Rao. “Essential Plant Nutrients and their Functions,” CIAT Working Document No: 209. Colombia. 36, 2009.
  • F. Ozkutlu, B. Torun, and I. Cakmak, “Effect of Zinc humate on growth of soybean and wheat in Zinc‐deficient calcareous soil,” Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, Vol. 37(15-20), pp. 2769-2778, 2006. [CrossRef]
  • J. J. Mortvedt, and R. J. Gilkes, Zinc Fertilizers: In. A. D. Robson (Eds.), “Zinc in Soils and Plants, Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences,” Dordrecht: Springer; Vol 55, pp. 33-34, 1993. [CrossRef]
  • W. Balasooriya, B. Schrittesser, G. Pinter, T. Schwarz, and L. Conzatti, “The effect of the surface area of carbon black grades on HNBR in harsh environments, Polymers,” Vol 11(61), pp.1-20, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • M. Wang, L. Zhang, A. Li, M. Irfan, Y. Du, and W. Di, “Comparative pyrolysis behaviors of tire tread and side wall from waste tire and characterization of the resulting chars,” Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 232, pp. 364-371, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • N. Cardona, F. Campuzano, M. Betancur, L. Jaramillo, and J. D. Martínez, “Possibilities of carbon black recovery from waste tyre pyrolysis to be used as additive in rubber goods -a review-.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering Vol. 437, Article 012012, 2018. [CrossRef]
  • Toyota Car Corp. “Rubber composition for tire sidewall,“ Patent No: JP2009114254A, 2009-05-28.
  • Sumitomo Rubber Industries Ltd. “Rubber composition for a base tread, and tire,“ Patent No: JP5466415B2, 2014-04-09.
  • L. Moulin, S. Silva, A. Bounaceur, M. Herblot, and Y. Soudais. “Assessment of recovered carbon black obtained by waste tires steam water thermolysis: An industrial application,” Waste and Biomass Valorization, Vol. 8(8), pp. 2757-2770, 2017. [CrossRef]
  • E. Yazdani, S. H. Hashemabadi, and A. Taghizadeh, “Study of waste tire pyrolysis in a rotary kiln reactor in a wide range of pyrolysis temperature,” Waste Management, Vol. 85, pp. 195–201, 2019. [CrossRef]
  • R. Mis-Fernandez, J. A. Azamar-Barrios, and C. R. Rios-Soberanis, “Characterization of the powder obtained from wasted tires reduced by pyrolysis and thermal shock process,” Journal of Applied Research and Technology, Vol. 6(2), pp. 95-105, 2008. [CrossRef]
  • H. Fang, Z. Hou, L. Shan, X. Cai, and Z. Xin., “Influence of pyrolytic carbon black derived from waste tires at varied temperatures within an industrial continuous rotating moving bed system,” Polymers, Vol. 15, Article 3460, 2023. [CrossRef]
  • W. Li, “Coal desulfurization with sodium hypochlorite,” Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. West Virginia University, Article 1498, 2004.
  • M. Van Leeuwen, “Recent developments in the global zinc and HDG markets,” ACSZ 25th Hot Dip Galvanizing Conference, České Budějovice, October 2-4, 2019.
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Waste Management, Reduction, Reuse and Recycling
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ufuk Sancar Vural 0000-0002-8510-9616

Abdullah Yinanç 0000-0002-8144-8266

Publication Date September 30, 2024
Submission Date September 12, 2023
Acceptance Date March 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Vural, U. S., & Yinanç, A. (2024). Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants. Environmental Research and Technology, 7(3), 347-355. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852
AMA Vural US, Yinanç A. Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants. ERT. September 2024;7(3):347-355. doi:10.35208/ert.1358852
Chicago Vural, Ufuk Sancar, and Abdullah Yinanç. “Improved Demineralization of the Carbon Black Obtained from the Pyrolysis of the Sidewall and Tread of Scrap Tires: Extraction of Some Micro-/Macro-Nutrient Elements of Plants”. Environmental Research and Technology 7, no. 3 (September 2024): 347-55. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852.
EndNote Vural US, Yinanç A (September 1, 2024) Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants. Environmental Research and Technology 7 3 347–355.
IEEE U. S. Vural and A. Yinanç, “Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants”, ERT, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 347–355, 2024, doi: 10.35208/ert.1358852.
ISNAD Vural, Ufuk Sancar - Yinanç, Abdullah. “Improved Demineralization of the Carbon Black Obtained from the Pyrolysis of the Sidewall and Tread of Scrap Tires: Extraction of Some Micro-/Macro-Nutrient Elements of Plants”. Environmental Research and Technology 7/3 (September 2024), 347-355. https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852.
JAMA Vural US, Yinanç A. Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants. ERT. 2024;7:347–355.
MLA Vural, Ufuk Sancar and Abdullah Yinanç. “Improved Demineralization of the Carbon Black Obtained from the Pyrolysis of the Sidewall and Tread of Scrap Tires: Extraction of Some Micro-/Macro-Nutrient Elements of Plants”. Environmental Research and Technology, vol. 7, no. 3, 2024, pp. 347-55, doi:10.35208/ert.1358852.
Vancouver Vural US, Yinanç A. Improved demineralization of the carbon black obtained from the pyrolysis of the sidewall and tread of scrap Tires: Extraction of some micro-/macro-nutrient elements of plants. ERT. 2024;7(3):347-55.