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Investigation of Medicinal Plants in Turkish Pharmacopoeia

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 22 - 36, 22.06.2020

Abstract

Pharmacopoeia is a legal and scientifically approved official rules book containing the properties of synthetic and natural products or active substances used as drugs. In the review, the medicinal plants found in the Turkish Pharmacopoeia (European Pharmacopoeia Adaptation II-2017) were analyzed according to their Latin names, families and pharmacological groups. As a result of the examination, it was determined that there were 296 drugs for 209 medicinal plants. In addition, activity tests of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Boswellia serrata, Matricaria recutita, Capsicum annuum, Crataegus monogyna, Melissa officinalis, Eucalyptus globulus, Silybum marianum plants belonging to 8 pharmacological groups are presented in tables with references. This review, while highlighting the therapeutic potential of phytopharmaceuticals found in the Turkish Pharmacopoeia, will also shed light on future studies aimed aimed at the safe, evidence-based use of traditional Turkish medicinal herbs in phytopharmacotherapy in Europe and the world, and at discovering new leading compounds in drug development.

References

  • 1- Baytop T. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün.. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 1999.
  • 2- Genç L. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanım Alanları ve Etiği. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2010.
  • 3- Özden S, Ertan R.. Farmasötik Kimya Pratikleri Kitabı 3-4, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları; 2004.
  • 4- Başer HC. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkisel Ürünlerin Üretimi ve Kalite Kontrolü. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2010.
  • 5- Demirezer Ö, Ersöz T, Saraçoğlu İ, Şener B. Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler “FFD Monografları”. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 2007.
  • 6- Bouin AS, Wierer M. Quality standards of the European Pharmacopoeia, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Dec; 158(B):457-457.
  • 7- Başer HC. Bitkisel Drogların Standart / Farmakope Monografları. MISED Derg. 2012 May; 27-28:45-48.
  • 8- Europan Directorate for the Quality [Internet]. France: Europan Directorate for the Quality; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-9th-edition.
  • 9- Özkan Y. Türk Farmakopesi 2017; Genel monograflar I. Ankara: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2018.
  • 10- Yua CY, Kimb SH, Lima JD, Kima MJ, Chungb IM. Intraspecific relationship analysis by DNA markers an in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activity in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Apr; 17(2):229-236.
  • 11- Lin QY, Jin LJ, Ma YS, Shi M, Xu YP. Acanthopanax senticosus inhibits nitric oxide production in murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res. 2007 Sep; 21(9):879-883.
  • 12- Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Sacher F, Esperester A. Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Antiviral Res. 2001 Jun; 50:223-228.
  • 13- Pearce PT, Zois I, Wynne KN, Funder JW. Panax ginseng and Eleuthrococcus senticosus extracts-in vitro studies on binding to steroid receptors, Endocrinol. Jpn. 1982 Oct; 5:567-573.
  • 14- Lim DW, Kim JG, Lee Y, Cha SH, Kim YT. Preventive effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus bark extract in OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats. Molecules. 2013 Jul; 18(7):7998-8008.
  • 15- Bespalov VG, Aleksandrov VA, Yaremenko KV, Limarenko AY, Petrov AS, Troyan DN. Inhibitory effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract on the development of experimentally induced tumors of the nervous system, cervix uteri and vagina, KhimbFarm Zh. 1993; 27:63-65.
  • 16- Ho-Shan N, Liu I-M, Cheng J-T, Lin C-L, Hsu F-L. Hypoglycemic effect of syringin from Eleutherococcus senticosus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med. 2008 Feb; 74:99-113.
  • 17- Kobayashi Y, Takahashi R, Ogino F. Antipruritik effect of the single oral administration of German chamomile flower extract and its combined effect with antiallergic agents in ddY mice. J. Ethnopharm. 2005 Oct; 100(1-3):308-312.
  • 18- Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Kvetnaya AS. Antibacterial Activity of Chamomilla recutita Oil Extract against Helicobacter pylori. Phytother Res. 2008 Feb; 22:252–253.
  • 19- Romero Mdel C, Valero A, Martín-Sánchez J, Navarro-Moll MC. Activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis. Phytomedicine. 2012 Apr; 19(6):520-523.
  • 20- Bijak M, Saluk J, Tsirigotis-Maniecka M, Komorowska H, Wachowicz B, Zaczyńska E, et al. The influence of conjugates isolated from Matricaria chamomilla L. on platelets activity and cytotoxicity. Int JBiol Macrocol. 2013 Jul; 61:218-229.
  • 21- Szelenyi I, Isaac O, Thiemer K. Pharmakologische Untersuchungen von Kamillen-Inhaltsstoffen. Planta Medica 1979; 35:218-227.
  • 22- Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, Wolfman C, Silveira R, Dajas F, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita Flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolitic effects. Planta Med. 1995 Jun; 61:213-216.
  • 23- Jarrahi M, Vafaei AA, Taherian AA, Miladi H, Rashidi Pour A. Evaluation of topical Matricaria chamomilla extract activity on linear incisional wound healing in albino rats. Nat Prod Res. 2010 May; 24(8):697-702.
  • 24- Oboh G, Rocha JB. Hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) protects brain from nitroprusside- and quinolic acid-induced oxidative stress in vitro. J Med Food. 2008 Jun; 11:349-355.
  • 25- De Marino S, Borbone N, Gala F, Zollo F, Fico G, Pagiotti R, et al. New Constituents of sweet Capsicum annuum L. fruits and evaluation of their biological activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep; 54:7508-7516.
  • 26- Sancho R, Lucena C, Macho A, Calzado MA, Blanco-Molina M. Immunosuppressive activity of capsaicinoids: capsiate derived from sweet peppers inhibits NF-кB activation and is a potent antiinflammatory compound in vivo. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Jun; 32:1753-1763.
  • 27- Kim SY, Kim JB, Kim, AJ. Carotenoids from Capsicum annuum fruits, protect carbontetrachloride- induced hepatotoxicity, Food Sci Biotechnol. 2002 Oct; 11:537-540.
  • 28- Chen L, Hwang JE, Choi B, Gu KM, Park Y, Kang YH. Antioxidant capacities and cytostatic effect of Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L): A screening and in vitro study. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2014 Feb; 57(1):43-52.
  • 29- Kim JS, Ha TY, Kim S, Lee SJ, Ahn J. Red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and its main carotenoid capsanthin ameliorate impaired lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods. 2017 Apr; 31:131-140.
  • 30- Vasudevan K, Vembar S, Veeraraghavan K, Haranath PS. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats, Indian J Gastroenterol. 2000 Apr; 19:53-56.
  • 31- Schmidt TJ, Kaiser M, Brun R. Complete structural assignment of serratol, a cembrane-type diterpene from Boswellia serrata, and evaluation of its antiprotozoal activity. Planta Med. 2011 May;77(08):849-850.
  • 32- Umar S, Umar K, Sarwar AH, Khan A, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Phytomedicine. 2014 May; 21(6):847-856.
  • 33- Zhang YS, Xie JZ, Zhong JL, Li YY, Wang RQ, Qin YZ, et al. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) inhibits human gastric carcinoma growth through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Act. 2013 Jun; 1830(6):3604-3615.
  • 34- Alam M, Javed K, Jafri MA. Effect of oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata (Kundur) on renal functions in Albino rats. Ind J Tradit Know. 2011 Oct; 10(4): 736-740.
  • 35- Shehata AM, Quintanilla-Fend L, Bettio S, Singh CB, Ammon HP. Prevention of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes in mice by an extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE). Phytomedicine. 2011 Sep; 18(12):1037-1044.
  • 36- Singh S, Khajuria A, Taneja SC, Khajuria RK, Singh J, Johri RK, et al. The gastric ulcer protective effect of boswellic acids, a leukotriene inhibitor from Boswellia serrata, in rats. Phytomedicine. 2008 Jun; 15(6-7):408-415.
  • 37- Borrelli F, Capasso F, Capasso R, Ascione V, Aviello G, Longo R, et al. Effect of Boswellia serrata on intestinal motility in rodents: inhibition of diarrhoea without constipation. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jun; 148(4):553-560.
  • 38- Joseph G, Zhao Y, Klaus W. Pharmakologisches Wirkprofil von Crataegus-Extrakt im Vergleich zu Epinephrin, Amrinon, Milrinon und Digoxin am isoliert perfundierten Meerschweinchenherzen. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995; 45:261-265.
  • 39- Nasa Y, Hashizume H, Esanul Hoque AN, Agabeyko Y. Protective effect of Crataegus extract on the cardiac mechanical dysfunction in isolated perfused working rat heart. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995 Sep; 43:945-949.
  • 40- European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. ESCOP Monographs. 2nd ed New York: Stuttgart; 2003.
  • 41- Bahourun T, Trotin F, Pommery J, Vasseur J, Pinkas M. Antioxidant activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts. Planta Med. 1994 Aug; 60:323-328.
  • 42- Rakotoarison DA. Antioxidant activities of polyphenolic extracts from flowers, in vitro callus and cell suspension culture of Crataegus monogyna. Pharmazie. 1997 Jan; 52:60-64.
  • 43- Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, Mislin R, Derrieu G, Pelt J. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in mouse Planta Medica. 1991 Apr; 57:105-109.
  • 44- Emamghoreishi M, Talebianpour MS. Antidepressant effect of Melissa officinalis in the forced swimming test. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2009; 17(1): 42-47.
  • 45- Sadraei H, Ghannadi A, Malekshahi K. Relaxant effect of essential oil of Melissa officinalis and citral on rat ileum contractions. Fitoterapia. 2003 Jul; 74:445-452.
  • 46- Bounihi A, Hajjaj G, Alnamer R, Cherrah Y, Zellou A. In vivo potential anti-inflammatory activity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013; 2013:101759.
  • 47- Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJ, Kim KH, Lee SJ. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose-and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br J Nutr.2010 Jul; 104(2):180-188.
  • 48- Silva J, Abebe W, Sousa SM, Duarte VG, Machado MI, Matos FJ. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Dec; 89(2-3):277-283.
  • 49- Misawa M, Kizawa M. Antitussive effects of several volatile oils especially of cedar leaf oil in guinea pigs. Pharmacometrics. 1990; 39:81-87.
  • 50- Boyd EM, Pearson GL. On the expectorant action ofvolatile oils. Am J Med Sci 1946 May; 211:602-610.
  • 51- Burrow AR, Eccles R, Jones AS. The effects of camphor, eucalyptus and menthol vapour on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation. Acta Otolaryngol. 1983 Jul-Aug; 96(1-2):157-161.
  • 52- Lee S, Choi W, Lee H, Park B.Cross-resistance of a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to fumigant toxicity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its major monoterpene, 1, 8-cineole. J Stored Prod Res. 2000 Oct; 36(4):383-389.
  • 53- World Health Organization. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Volume 2. 2002.
  • 54- Skottova N, Kazdova L, Oliyarnyk O, Vecera, R, Sobolova L, Ulrichova J. Phenolics-rich extracts from Silybum marianum and Prunella vulgaris reduce a high-sucrose diet induced oxidative stress in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Pharmacol Res. 2004 Aug; 50:123-130.
  • 55- Gupta OP, Sing S, Bani S, Sharma N, Malhotra S, Gupta BD, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin acting through inhibition of 5- lipoxygenase. Phytomedicine. 2000 Mar; 7:21-24.
  • 56- Brandão MG, Zanetti NN, Oliveira P, Grael CF, Santos AC, Monte-Mór RL. Brazilian medicinal plants described by 19th century European naturalists and in the Official Pharmacopoeia. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008 Nov; 120(2):141-148.
  • 57- Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Wagner H, Verpoorte R, Heinrich, M. Medicinal plants of the Russian Pharmacopoeia; their history and applications. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Jul; 154(3):481-536.

Türk Farmakopesindeki Tıbbi Bitkilerinin İncelenmesi

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 22 - 36, 22.06.2020

Abstract

Farmakope, ilaç olarak kullanılan sentetik ve doğal ürün veya etkin maddelerin özelliklerini içeren, yasal ve bilimsel olarak onaylanan resmi kurallar kitabıdır. Derlemede, Türk Farmakopesi (Avrupa Farmakope Adaptasyonu II-2017) ‘nde bulunan tıbbi bitkiler, Latince isimleri, familyaları ve farmakolojik gruplara göre incelenerek tablolar haline getirilmiştir. İnceleme sonucu 209 tıbbi bitkiye ait 296 drog olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca 8 farmakolojik gruba ait Eleutherococcus senticosus, Boswellia serrata, Matricaria recutita, Capsicum annuum, Crataegus monogyna, Melissa officinalis, Eucalyptus globulus, Silybum marianum bitkilerinin aktivite testleri, kullanılan canlı modeller, bitkinin kullanılan kısmı, ekstre tipi ve sonuçlar referanslarla birlikte tablolar halinde sunulmuştur. Bu derleme, Türk Farmakopesi‘nde bulunan fitofarmasötiklerin terapötik potansiyelini vurgularken, aynı zamanda Avrupa ve dünyadaki fitofarmakoterapide geleneksel Türk şifalı bitkilerinin güvenli, kanıta dayalı kullanımını ve ilaç geliştirmede yeni öncü bileşiklerin keşfedilmesini amaçlayan gelecek çalışmalara da ışık tutacaktır

References

  • 1- Baytop T. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmişte ve Bugün.. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 1999.
  • 2- Genç L. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanım Alanları ve Etiği. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2010.
  • 3- Özden S, Ertan R.. Farmasötik Kimya Pratikleri Kitabı 3-4, Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları; 2004.
  • 4- Başer HC. Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkisel Ürünlerin Üretimi ve Kalite Kontrolü. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayınları; 2010.
  • 5- Demirezer Ö, Ersöz T, Saraçoğlu İ, Şener B. Tedavide Kullanılan Bitkiler “FFD Monografları”. Ankara: Nobel Tıp Kitapevi; 2007.
  • 6- Bouin AS, Wierer M. Quality standards of the European Pharmacopoeia, J. Ethnopharmacol. 2014 Dec; 158(B):457-457.
  • 7- Başer HC. Bitkisel Drogların Standart / Farmakope Monografları. MISED Derg. 2012 May; 27-28:45-48.
  • 8- Europan Directorate for the Quality [Internet]. France: Europan Directorate for the Quality; 2019 [cited 2019 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.edqm.eu/en/european-pharmacopoeia-ph-eur-9th-edition.
  • 9- Özkan Y. Türk Farmakopesi 2017; Genel monograflar I. Ankara: TC Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayınları; 2018.
  • 10- Yua CY, Kimb SH, Lima JD, Kima MJ, Chungb IM. Intraspecific relationship analysis by DNA markers an in vitro cytotoxic and antioxidant activity in Eleutherococcus senticosus. Toxicol In Vitro. 2003 Apr; 17(2):229-236.
  • 11- Lin QY, Jin LJ, Ma YS, Shi M, Xu YP. Acanthopanax senticosus inhibits nitric oxide production in murine macrophages in vitro and in vivo. Phytother Res. 2007 Sep; 21(9):879-883.
  • 12- Glatthaar-Saalmuller B, Sacher F, Esperester A. Antiviral activity of an extract derived from roots of Eleutherococcus senticosus. Antiviral Res. 2001 Jun; 50:223-228.
  • 13- Pearce PT, Zois I, Wynne KN, Funder JW. Panax ginseng and Eleuthrococcus senticosus extracts-in vitro studies on binding to steroid receptors, Endocrinol. Jpn. 1982 Oct; 5:567-573.
  • 14- Lim DW, Kim JG, Lee Y, Cha SH, Kim YT. Preventive effects of Eleutherococcus senticosus bark extract in OVX-induced osteoporosis in rats. Molecules. 2013 Jul; 18(7):7998-8008.
  • 15- Bespalov VG, Aleksandrov VA, Yaremenko KV, Limarenko AY, Petrov AS, Troyan DN. Inhibitory effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus extract on the development of experimentally induced tumors of the nervous system, cervix uteri and vagina, KhimbFarm Zh. 1993; 27:63-65.
  • 16- Ho-Shan N, Liu I-M, Cheng J-T, Lin C-L, Hsu F-L. Hypoglycemic effect of syringin from Eleutherococcus senticosus in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Planta Med. 2008 Feb; 74:99-113.
  • 17- Kobayashi Y, Takahashi R, Ogino F. Antipruritik effect of the single oral administration of German chamomile flower extract and its combined effect with antiallergic agents in ddY mice. J. Ethnopharm. 2005 Oct; 100(1-3):308-312.
  • 18- Shikov AN, Pozharitskaya ON, Makarov VG, Kvetnaya AS. Antibacterial Activity of Chamomilla recutita Oil Extract against Helicobacter pylori. Phytother Res. 2008 Feb; 22:252–253.
  • 19- Romero Mdel C, Valero A, Martín-Sánchez J, Navarro-Moll MC. Activity of Matricaria chamomilla essential oil against anisakiasis. Phytomedicine. 2012 Apr; 19(6):520-523.
  • 20- Bijak M, Saluk J, Tsirigotis-Maniecka M, Komorowska H, Wachowicz B, Zaczyńska E, et al. The influence of conjugates isolated from Matricaria chamomilla L. on platelets activity and cytotoxicity. Int JBiol Macrocol. 2013 Jul; 61:218-229.
  • 21- Szelenyi I, Isaac O, Thiemer K. Pharmakologische Untersuchungen von Kamillen-Inhaltsstoffen. Planta Medica 1979; 35:218-227.
  • 22- Viola H, Wasowski C, Levi de Stein M, Wolfman C, Silveira R, Dajas F, et al. Apigenin, a component of Matricaria recutita Flowers, is a central benzodiazepine receptors-ligand with anxiolitic effects. Planta Med. 1995 Jun; 61:213-216.
  • 23- Jarrahi M, Vafaei AA, Taherian AA, Miladi H, Rashidi Pour A. Evaluation of topical Matricaria chamomilla extract activity on linear incisional wound healing in albino rats. Nat Prod Res. 2010 May; 24(8):697-702.
  • 24- Oboh G, Rocha JB. Hot pepper (Capsicum spp.) protects brain from nitroprusside- and quinolic acid-induced oxidative stress in vitro. J Med Food. 2008 Jun; 11:349-355.
  • 25- De Marino S, Borbone N, Gala F, Zollo F, Fico G, Pagiotti R, et al. New Constituents of sweet Capsicum annuum L. fruits and evaluation of their biological activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2006 Sep; 54:7508-7516.
  • 26- Sancho R, Lucena C, Macho A, Calzado MA, Blanco-Molina M. Immunosuppressive activity of capsaicinoids: capsiate derived from sweet peppers inhibits NF-кB activation and is a potent antiinflammatory compound in vivo. Eur J Immunol. 2002 Jun; 32:1753-1763.
  • 27- Kim SY, Kim JB, Kim, AJ. Carotenoids from Capsicum annuum fruits, protect carbontetrachloride- induced hepatotoxicity, Food Sci Biotechnol. 2002 Oct; 11:537-540.
  • 28- Chen L, Hwang JE, Choi B, Gu KM, Park Y, Kang YH. Antioxidant capacities and cytostatic effect of Korean red pepper (Capsicum annuum L): A screening and in vitro study. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem. 2014 Feb; 57(1):43-52.
  • 29- Kim JS, Ha TY, Kim S, Lee SJ, Ahn J. Red paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) and its main carotenoid capsanthin ameliorate impaired lipid metabolism in the liver and adipose tissue of high-fat diet-induced obese mice. J Funct Foods. 2017 Apr; 31:131-140.
  • 30- Vasudevan K, Vembar S, Veeraraghavan K, Haranath PS. Influence of intragastric perfusion of aqueous spice extracts on acid secretion in anesthetized albino rats, Indian J Gastroenterol. 2000 Apr; 19:53-56.
  • 31- Schmidt TJ, Kaiser M, Brun R. Complete structural assignment of serratol, a cembrane-type diterpene from Boswellia serrata, and evaluation of its antiprotozoal activity. Planta Med. 2011 May;77(08):849-850.
  • 32- Umar S, Umar K, Sarwar AH, Khan A, Ahmad N, Ahmad S, et al. Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Phytomedicine. 2014 May; 21(6):847-856.
  • 33- Zhang YS, Xie JZ, Zhong JL, Li YY, Wang RQ, Qin YZ, et al. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) inhibits human gastric carcinoma growth through modulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Biochim Biophys Act. 2013 Jun; 1830(6):3604-3615.
  • 34- Alam M, Javed K, Jafri MA. Effect of oleo-gum-resin of Boswellia serrata (Kundur) on renal functions in Albino rats. Ind J Tradit Know. 2011 Oct; 10(4): 736-740.
  • 35- Shehata AM, Quintanilla-Fend L, Bettio S, Singh CB, Ammon HP. Prevention of multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) diabetes in mice by an extract from gum resin of Boswellia serrata (BE). Phytomedicine. 2011 Sep; 18(12):1037-1044.
  • 36- Singh S, Khajuria A, Taneja SC, Khajuria RK, Singh J, Johri RK, et al. The gastric ulcer protective effect of boswellic acids, a leukotriene inhibitor from Boswellia serrata, in rats. Phytomedicine. 2008 Jun; 15(6-7):408-415.
  • 37- Borrelli F, Capasso F, Capasso R, Ascione V, Aviello G, Longo R, et al. Effect of Boswellia serrata on intestinal motility in rodents: inhibition of diarrhoea without constipation. Br J Pharmacol. 2006 Jun; 148(4):553-560.
  • 38- Joseph G, Zhao Y, Klaus W. Pharmakologisches Wirkprofil von Crataegus-Extrakt im Vergleich zu Epinephrin, Amrinon, Milrinon und Digoxin am isoliert perfundierten Meerschweinchenherzen. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995; 45:261-265.
  • 39- Nasa Y, Hashizume H, Esanul Hoque AN, Agabeyko Y. Protective effect of Crataegus extract on the cardiac mechanical dysfunction in isolated perfused working rat heart. Arzneimittelforschung. 1995 Sep; 43:945-949.
  • 40- European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy. ESCOP Monographs. 2nd ed New York: Stuttgart; 2003.
  • 41- Bahourun T, Trotin F, Pommery J, Vasseur J, Pinkas M. Antioxidant activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts. Planta Med. 1994 Aug; 60:323-328.
  • 42- Rakotoarison DA. Antioxidant activities of polyphenolic extracts from flowers, in vitro callus and cell suspension culture of Crataegus monogyna. Pharmazie. 1997 Jan; 52:60-64.
  • 43- Soulimani R, Fleurentin J, Mortier F, Mislin R, Derrieu G, Pelt J. Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Melissa officinalis in mouse Planta Medica. 1991 Apr; 57:105-109.
  • 44- Emamghoreishi M, Talebianpour MS. Antidepressant effect of Melissa officinalis in the forced swimming test. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2009; 17(1): 42-47.
  • 45- Sadraei H, Ghannadi A, Malekshahi K. Relaxant effect of essential oil of Melissa officinalis and citral on rat ileum contractions. Fitoterapia. 2003 Jul; 74:445-452.
  • 46- Bounihi A, Hajjaj G, Alnamer R, Cherrah Y, Zellou A. In vivo potential anti-inflammatory activity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil. Adv Pharmacol Sci. 2013; 2013:101759.
  • 47- Chung MJ, Cho SY, Bhuiyan MJ, Kim KH, Lee SJ. Anti-diabetic effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) essential oil on glucose-and lipid-regulating enzymes in type 2 diabetic mice. Br J Nutr.2010 Jul; 104(2):180-188.
  • 48- Silva J, Abebe W, Sousa SM, Duarte VG, Machado MI, Matos FJ. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oils of Eucalyptus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2003 Dec; 89(2-3):277-283.
  • 49- Misawa M, Kizawa M. Antitussive effects of several volatile oils especially of cedar leaf oil in guinea pigs. Pharmacometrics. 1990; 39:81-87.
  • 50- Boyd EM, Pearson GL. On the expectorant action ofvolatile oils. Am J Med Sci 1946 May; 211:602-610.
  • 51- Burrow AR, Eccles R, Jones AS. The effects of camphor, eucalyptus and menthol vapour on nasal resistance to airflow and nasal sensation. Acta Otolaryngol. 1983 Jul-Aug; 96(1-2):157-161.
  • 52- Lee S, Choi W, Lee H, Park B.Cross-resistance of a chlorpyrifos-methyl resistant strain of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) to fumigant toxicity of essential oil extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and its major monoterpene, 1, 8-cineole. J Stored Prod Res. 2000 Oct; 36(4):383-389.
  • 53- World Health Organization. WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants Volume 2. 2002.
  • 54- Skottova N, Kazdova L, Oliyarnyk O, Vecera, R, Sobolova L, Ulrichova J. Phenolics-rich extracts from Silybum marianum and Prunella vulgaris reduce a high-sucrose diet induced oxidative stress in hereditary hypertriglyceridemic rats. Pharmacol Res. 2004 Aug; 50:123-130.
  • 55- Gupta OP, Sing S, Bani S, Sharma N, Malhotra S, Gupta BD, et al. Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of silymarin acting through inhibition of 5- lipoxygenase. Phytomedicine. 2000 Mar; 7:21-24.
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There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Journal Section Derleme Bölümü
Authors

Dilşad Onbaşlı 0000-0002-0569-6989

Azranur Dal This is me 0000-0002-3780-442X

Publication Date June 22, 2020
Submission Date February 21, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Onbaşlı, D., & Dal, A. (2020). Türk Farmakopesindeki Tıbbi Bitkilerinin İncelenmesi. ERÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(1), 22-36.