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Din’siz Bir Dinler Tarih İnşa Etmek: “Din”e İkame Olarak Daniel Dubuisson’un “Kozmografik Oluşumlar” Kavramı

Year 2018, Volume: 32 Issue: 44, 7 - 40, 30.06.2018

Abstract




19.
yüzyılda Batı’da kurumsallaşmaya başlayan din bilimlerinin temel kavramlarından
biri olan din (religion) hakkında son elli yıldır ciddi tartışmalar
yürütülmektedir. Din kavramının muğlaklığın dolayı objektif, evrensel ve
bilimsel kriterlere dayalı bir araştırma alanı oluşturmada zorluklar
yaşandığını düşünen bazı araştırmacılar bu kavramın uygun bir tanımını yapmaya
çalışırken diğerleri bu kavramın yerine “kültür” gibi daha nötr ve daha geniş
yelpazeli kavramlar kullanmayı teklif etmişlerdir. Din kavramının din
incelemeleri alanından tamamen atılması gerektiğini ilk savunanlardan biri de
Fransız dinler tarihçisi Daniel Dubuisson’dur. 
Dubuisson’a göre “din” (religion) kavramının Batı medeniyetine özgü
Hıristiyanlık merkezli bir kavram olduğu için evrensel ve objektif bir nitelik
taşımamaktadır. Bu kavram üzerine inşa edilen Dinler Tarihi disiplinin de
Batılılar tarafından bilimsel bir kaygıdan ziyade ideolojik bir ajanda
doğrultusunda oluşturularak Batı’nın sömürgecilik ve kültürel tahakküm
faaliyetinde bir araç olarak kullanılmıştır. Evrensel ve bilimsel bir
antropolojik bak açış elde etmenin yolunun “din” kavramını terk etmekten
geçtiğini savunun Dubuisson’un önerdiği yeni kavram, “kozmografik oluşumlar”
kavramıdır. Dubuisson’un eleştirilerinde doğruluk payı olsa bu araştırma
sonucunda önerdiği kavramın da Avrupamerkezcilikten kurtulamadığı görülür. Daha
da önemlisi “kozmografik oluşumlar” kavramının Dubuisson kendi ateist
ideolojisini bilimsellik kisvesi altında Dinler Tarihi alanına enjekte etme
teşebbüsü olduğu anlaşılır.     




References

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  • ASAD, Talal. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
  • BALAGANGADHARA, S.N. “The Heathen in his Blindness...”: Asia, the West and the Dynamic of Religion. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.
  • BEATTIE, John. Other Cultures: Aims, Methods and Achievements in Social Anthropology. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • BERRIOT, François. Spiritualités, hétérodoxies et imaginaires. Études sur le Moyen Age et la Renaissance. Saint-Etienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint-Etienne, 1994.
  • BLOCH, Maurice. «Religion and Ritual.» The Social Science Encyclopedia içinde, düzenleyen Adam Kuper ve Jessica Kuper, 698-701. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.
  • BODIN, Jean. Colloque. Paris, 1914.
  • BODIN, Jean. Les six livres de la République. Paris, 1577.
  • CHIDESTER, David. «''Classify and Conquer”: Friedrich Max Müller, Indigenous. Religious Traditions, and Imperial Comparative Religion.» Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity içinde, düzenleyen Jacob K. Olupona, 71-88. New York and London: Routledge, 2004.
  • CHIDESTER, David. Empire of Religion: Imperialism and Comparative Religion. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
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  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «Exporting the Local: Recent Perspectives on ‘Religion’ as a Cultural Category.» Religion Compass 1, no. 6 (2007): 787-800.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. L'Occident et la religion : Mythes, science et idéologie. Bruxelles-Paris: Éditions Complexe, 1998.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. Religion and Magic in Western Culture. Boston: Brill, 2016.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «Response.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 166-175.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «The Poetical and Rhetorical Structure of the Eliadean Text: A Contribution to Critical Theory and Discourses on Religions.» Hermeneutics, Politics, and the History of Religions: The Contested Legacies of Joachim Wach and Mircea Eliade içinde, düzenleyen ‎Wendy Doniger Christian K. Wedemeyer, 133-146. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. Twentieth Century Mythologies: Dumézil, Lévi-Strauss, Eliade. London and New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • EGAN, Kieran. The Educated Mind: How Cognitive Tools Shape Our Understanding. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
  • EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Des Théories sur la religion des primitifs. Paris: Payot, 2001.
  • FITZGERALD, Timothy. «A Critique of ‘Religion’ as a Cross-Cultural Category.» Method and Theory in 9, no. 2 (1997): 91-110.
  • FITZGERALD, Timothy. The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • GEERTZ, Armin W., ve Russell T. McCutcheon. «The Role of Method and Theory in The IAHR.» Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 12, no. 1/4 (2000): 3-37.
  • HUGHES, Aaron W. «Haven't We Been Here Before? Rehabilitating'Religion' in Light of Dubuisson's Critique.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 127-138.
  • JENSEN, Tim, ve Armin Geertz, . NVMEN, the Academic Study of Religion, and the IAHR: Past, Present and Prospects. Boston: Brill, 2015.
  • KING, Richard. Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and “The Mystic East”. London and New York: Roudedge, 2001.
  • KING, Ursula. «Historical and Phenomenological Approaches to the Study of Religion.» Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Religion in 2 Volumes, Volume 1: The Humanities içinde, düzenleyen Frank Whaling, 29-164. Berlin: Mouton, 1984.
  • KITAGAWA, Joseph M. «The History of Religions in America.» The History of Religions: Essays in Methodology içinde, düzenleyen Mircea Eliade ve Joseph M. Kitagawa, 3-26. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
  • MCCUTCHEON, Russell T. «The Resiliency of Conceptual Anachronisms: On the Limits of 'the West' and 'Religion'.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 154-165.
  • MIGLIETTI, Sara. «Jean Bodin.» Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History Volume 6. Western Europe (1500-1600) içinde, düzenleyen David Thomas ve John Chesworth, 775-787. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014.
  • MOLNAR, Atilla K. «The Construction of the Notion of Religion in Early Modern Europe.» Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 14, no. 1 (2002): 47-60.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion. London: Longmans, Green, And Co., 1873.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1899.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. «The Comparative Study of Religion.» Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion 1: Introduction and Anthology içinde, düzenleyen Jacques Waardenburg, 89-95. The Hague: Mouton, 1973.
  • O’BRIEN, Peter. European Perceptions of Islam and America from Saladin to George W. Bush: Europe's Fragile Ego Uncovered. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  • ODDIE, Geoffrey A. Imagined Hinduism : British Protestant Missionary Constructions of Hinduism, 1793-1900. New Delhi: Sage, 2006.
  • RENNIE, Bryan S. Reconstructing Eliade: Making Sense of Religion. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • SALER, Benson. Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories. Benson Saler. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993.
  • SCHILBRACK, Kevin. «Religions: Are There Any?» Journal of the American Academy of Religion 78, no. 4 (2010): 1112-1138.
  • SEGAL, Robert A. «Dubuisson’s The Western Construction of Religion.» Religion 36 (2006): 131-138.
  • SHARPE, Eric J. Comparative Religion: A History. 2. London: Duckworth, 1992.
  • SMITH, Wilfred Cantwell. The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Great Religious Traditions. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1963.
  • STRENG, Frederick J. «Studying Religion: Possibilities and Limitations of Different Definitions.» Journal of the American Academy of Religion 40, no. 2 (1972): 219-237.
  • STRINGER, Martin D. Contemporary Western Ethnography and the Definition of Religion. London: Continuum, 2011.
  • TAVES, Ann. «Comments on Daniel Dubuisson's The Western Construction of Religion.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 138-140.
  • WHALING, Frank. «Comparative Approaches.» Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Religion in 2 Volumes, Volume 1: The Humanities içinde, düzenleyen Frank Whaling, 164-295. Berlin: Mouton, 1984.
Year 2018, Volume: 32 Issue: 44, 7 - 40, 30.06.2018

Abstract

References

  • ALMOND, Philip C. The British Discovery of Buddhism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
  • ASAD, Talal. Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993.
  • BALAGANGADHARA, S.N. “The Heathen in his Blindness...”: Asia, the West and the Dynamic of Religion. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.
  • BEATTIE, John. Other Cultures: Aims, Methods and Achievements in Social Anthropology. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • BERRIOT, François. Spiritualités, hétérodoxies et imaginaires. Études sur le Moyen Age et la Renaissance. Saint-Etienne: Publications de l'Université de Saint-Etienne, 1994.
  • BLOCH, Maurice. «Religion and Ritual.» The Social Science Encyclopedia içinde, düzenleyen Adam Kuper ve Jessica Kuper, 698-701. London : Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985.
  • BODIN, Jean. Colloque. Paris, 1914.
  • BODIN, Jean. Les six livres de la République. Paris, 1577.
  • CHIDESTER, David. «''Classify and Conquer”: Friedrich Max Müller, Indigenous. Religious Traditions, and Imperial Comparative Religion.» Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity içinde, düzenleyen Jacob K. Olupona, 71-88. New York and London: Routledge, 2004.
  • CHIDESTER, David. Empire of Religion: Imperialism and Comparative Religion. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2014.
  • CHIDESTER, David. «Real and Imagined: Imperial Inventions of Religion in Colonial Southern Africa.» Religion and the Secular: Historical and Colonial Formations içinde, düzenleyen Timothy Fitzgerald, 153-176. London: Equinox, 2007.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «Exporting the Local: Recent Perspectives on ‘Religion’ as a Cultural Category.» Religion Compass 1, no. 6 (2007): 787-800.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. L'Occident et la religion : Mythes, science et idéologie. Bruxelles-Paris: Éditions Complexe, 1998.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. Religion and Magic in Western Culture. Boston: Brill, 2016.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «Response.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 166-175.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. «The Poetical and Rhetorical Structure of the Eliadean Text: A Contribution to Critical Theory and Discourses on Religions.» Hermeneutics, Politics, and the History of Religions: The Contested Legacies of Joachim Wach and Mircea Eliade içinde, düzenleyen ‎Wendy Doniger Christian K. Wedemeyer, 133-146. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • DUBUISSON, Daniel. Twentieth Century Mythologies: Dumézil, Lévi-Strauss, Eliade. London and New York: Routledge, 2014.
  • EGAN, Kieran. The Educated Mind: How Cognitive Tools Shape Our Understanding. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.
  • EVANS-PRITCHARD, E. E. Des Théories sur la religion des primitifs. Paris: Payot, 2001.
  • FITZGERALD, Timothy. «A Critique of ‘Religion’ as a Cross-Cultural Category.» Method and Theory in 9, no. 2 (1997): 91-110.
  • FITZGERALD, Timothy. The Ideology of Religious Studies. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
  • GEERTZ, Armin W., ve Russell T. McCutcheon. «The Role of Method and Theory in The IAHR.» Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 12, no. 1/4 (2000): 3-37.
  • HUGHES, Aaron W. «Haven't We Been Here Before? Rehabilitating'Religion' in Light of Dubuisson's Critique.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 127-138.
  • JENSEN, Tim, ve Armin Geertz, . NVMEN, the Academic Study of Religion, and the IAHR: Past, Present and Prospects. Boston: Brill, 2015.
  • KING, Richard. Orientalism and Religion: Post-Colonial Theory, India and “The Mystic East”. London and New York: Roudedge, 2001.
  • KING, Ursula. «Historical and Phenomenological Approaches to the Study of Religion.» Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Religion in 2 Volumes, Volume 1: The Humanities içinde, düzenleyen Frank Whaling, 29-164. Berlin: Mouton, 1984.
  • KITAGAWA, Joseph M. «The History of Religions in America.» The History of Religions: Essays in Methodology içinde, düzenleyen Mircea Eliade ve Joseph M. Kitagawa, 3-26. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1959.
  • MCCUTCHEON, Russell T. «The Resiliency of Conceptual Anachronisms: On the Limits of 'the West' and 'Religion'.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 154-165.
  • MIGLIETTI, Sara. «Jean Bodin.» Christian-Muslim Relations: A Bibliographical History Volume 6. Western Europe (1500-1600) içinde, düzenleyen David Thomas ve John Chesworth, 775-787. Leiden & Boston: Brill, 2014.
  • MOLNAR, Atilla K. «The Construction of the Notion of Religion in Early Modern Europe.» Method and Theory in the Study of Religion 14, no. 1 (2002): 47-60.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion. London: Longmans, Green, And Co., 1873.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. Introduction to the Science of Religion. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1899.
  • MÜLLER, F. Max. «The Comparative Study of Religion.» Classical Approaches to the Study of Religion 1: Introduction and Anthology içinde, düzenleyen Jacques Waardenburg, 89-95. The Hague: Mouton, 1973.
  • O’BRIEN, Peter. European Perceptions of Islam and America from Saladin to George W. Bush: Europe's Fragile Ego Uncovered. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
  • ODDIE, Geoffrey A. Imagined Hinduism : British Protestant Missionary Constructions of Hinduism, 1793-1900. New Delhi: Sage, 2006.
  • RENNIE, Bryan S. Reconstructing Eliade: Making Sense of Religion. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996.
  • SALER, Benson. Conceptualizing Religion: Immanent Anthropologists, Transcendent Natives, and Unbounded Categories. Benson Saler. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993.
  • SCHILBRACK, Kevin. «Religions: Are There Any?» Journal of the American Academy of Religion 78, no. 4 (2010): 1112-1138.
  • SEGAL, Robert A. «Dubuisson’s The Western Construction of Religion.» Religion 36 (2006): 131-138.
  • SHARPE, Eric J. Comparative Religion: A History. 2. London: Duckworth, 1992.
  • SMITH, Wilfred Cantwell. The Meaning and End of Religion: A New Approach to the Great Religious Traditions. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1963.
  • STRENG, Frederick J. «Studying Religion: Possibilities and Limitations of Different Definitions.» Journal of the American Academy of Religion 40, no. 2 (1972): 219-237.
  • STRINGER, Martin D. Contemporary Western Ethnography and the Definition of Religion. London: Continuum, 2011.
  • TAVES, Ann. «Comments on Daniel Dubuisson's The Western Construction of Religion.» Religion 36, no. 3 (2006): 138-140.
  • WHALING, Frank. «Comparative Approaches.» Contemporary Approaches to the Study of Religion in 2 Volumes, Volume 1: The Humanities içinde, düzenleyen Frank Whaling, 164-295. Berlin: Mouton, 1984.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler / Articles
Authors

Ramazan Adıbelli 0000-0002-7398-0017

Publication Date June 30, 2018
Submission Date March 2, 2018
Acceptance Date May 18, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 32 Issue: 44

Cite

APA Adıbelli, R. (2018). Din’siz Bir Dinler Tarih İnşa Etmek: “Din”e İkame Olarak Daniel Dubuisson’un “Kozmografik Oluşumlar” Kavramı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 32(44), 7-40.

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