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Türkçe Öğrenenlerin Konuşma ve Yazma Başarısını Artırmak İçin Kullanılabilecek Faydalı Bir Uygulama: Farklı Kelimelerle Açıklama Stratejisi

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 556 - 574, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.878409

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, kelime bilgisi eksikliğine bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan ve sözlü veya yazılı iletişim sürecini tehdit eden anlarda iletişimin sekteye uğramadan devam edebilmesi için faydalı bir uygulama olduğu düşünülen farklı kelimelerle açıklama stratejisi eğitiminin Türkçe öğrenenlerin konuşma ve yazma başarısı üzerinde olumlu bir etkisinin olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda altı (6) haftalık deneysel bir eğitim süreci tasarlanmış ve araştırma gerçek deneme modellerinden ön-test/son-test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel model ile desenlenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, ön-test uygulamasının sonuçlarına göre yansız olarak belirlenmiş olan B2 düzeyindeki iki sınıfta Türkçe öğrenen kırk (40) uluslararası öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen farklı kelimelerle açıklama başarı testi aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonunda; deneysel eğitimin, konuşma sırasında bilinmeyen bir kelime ile karşılaşıldığında bu kelimeyi başka kelimeler kullanarak açıklama ve konuşmayı sürdürme becerisini geliştirme, yabancı dilde bir yazı yazarken ifade edilmek istenenleri karşılayan kelime ya da kelime grubunun bilinmediği zamanlarda yazma eylemini sürdürme, bir kelimeyi veya durumu çeşitli özellikleri kullanarak açıklama, daha uzun cümle kurabilme ve üretilmek istenen anlamı daha detaylı açıklayabilme hususlarında Türkçe öğrenenlere katkı sağladığı ve öğrenenlerin kur sınavlarının konuşma ve yazma bölümlerinden daha iyi puan almalarına yardım ettiği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.

References

  • Baradeyah, N. & Farrah, M. (2017). The impact of using asking for clarification and circumlocution speaking strategies on enhancing the speaking. Studies in Linguistics and Literature, 1(2), 86-111.
  • Bialystok, E. (1990). Communication strategies: A psychological analysis of second-language use. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Campillo, P. S. (2006). The use of circumlocution in the foreign language context. Porta Linguarum, (5), 7-15.
  • Carter, R. (1983). A note on core vocabulary. Nottingham Linguistic Circular, (11), 39-51.
  • Chen, Y. F. (2006). Foreign language learning strategy training in circumlocution. Journal-Chinese Language Teachers Association, 41(3), 261-265.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. New York: Taylor and Francis.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. (2008). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Dornyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 55-85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587805.
  • Ekiz, D. (2003). Eğitimde araştırma yöntem ve metotlarına giriş: Nitel, nicel ve eleştirel kuram metodolojileri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Faerch, C. & Kasper, G. (1983). Strategies in interlanguage communication. London: Longman.
  • Gu, Y. & Johnson, R. K. (1996) Vocabulary learning strategies and language learning outcomes. Language Learning Journal, 46(4), 643-679.
  • Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (28. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kellerman, E. (1991). Compensatory strategies in second language research: A critique, a revision, and some (non-)implications for the classroom. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, and M. Swain (eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research (142-161). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Liskin-Gasparro, J. E. (1996). Circumlocution, communication strategies, and the ACTFL proficiency guidelines: An analysis of student discourse. Foreign Language Annals, 29(3), 317-330.
  • Melanlıoğlu, D. (2014). Üstbiliş strateji eğitiminin ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma kaygılarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 107-119.
  • Nation, P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston, Mass: Heinle ve Heinle.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1994). Language learning strategies: An update. CAL Online Resources: Digests, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, 3-4. Erişim Adresi: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED376707.pdf.
  • Salazar, P. (2006). The use of circumlocution in the foreign language context. Porta Linguarum, (5) 7-15.
  • Salomone, A. M. & Marsal, F. (1997). How to avoid language breakdown? Circumlocution!. Foreign Language Annals, 30(4), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1997.tb00854.x.
  • Schmitt, N. (1997). Vocabulary learning strategies. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.). Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schullen, M. E. & Jourdain, S. (2000). The Effect of explicit training on successful circumlocution: A classroom study. In J. Lee & A. Valdman (Eds.), Form and meaning: Multiple perspectives (231-253). Boston, MA: Heinle.
  • Tarone, E. (1977). Conscious communication strategies in interlanguage: A progress report”. TESOL, (77), 194-203.
  • Tarone, E. (1983). Teaching strategic competence in the foreign language classroom. Studies in Language Learning, (4), 121-130.
  • Tarone, E. (1986). The arm of the chair is where you can use for to write: Developing strategic competence in a second language.” ERIC Clearinghouse, 1-14.
  • Varadi, T. (1973). Strategies of target langage learner communication:message adjustment. Paper presented at the sixth conference of the Romanian-English Linguistics Project in Timisoara.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2017). Spss uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Yule, G. & Tarone, E. (1991). The other side of the page: Integrating the study of communication strategies and negotiated input in SLA. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, & M. Swain (Eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research (142-161). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Yule, G. & Tarone, E. (1997). Investigating communication strategies in L2 reference: pros and cons. In G. Kasper and E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (17-30). New York: Longman.

A Useful Implementation for Increasing Speaking and Writing Achievement of the Learners of Turkish: Strategy of Explanation with Different Words

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 556 - 574, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.878409

Abstract

In this study, it was aimed to reveal whether the training of the explanation strategy with different words, which is thought to be a useful practice for continuing the communication without interruption in the moments that occur due to lack of vocabulary and threaten the verbal or written communication process, has a positive effect on the speaking and writing success of Turkish learners. For this purpose, an experimental training process of six (6) weeks was planned and the research was designed with a pretest/posttest control group quasi-experimental model. The study group of the research consists of forty (40) international students who learn Turkish in two classes at B2 level. The data were collected through the achievement test developed by the researcher. At the end of the research, it was understood that experimental training contributed learners to explain unknown words by using other words that they already know and improve the ability to continue speaking when encountering an unknown word during the conversation, to pursue the act of writing when the word or group of words are unknown that corresponds to what is intended to be expressed while writing a text in foreign language, to explain a word or situation by using various features of the word or situation and to be able to make longer sentences and explain the meaning to be produced in more detail. In addition, it was also understood that experimental training helped learners to score better in the speaking and writing sections of the exams.

References

  • Baradeyah, N. & Farrah, M. (2017). The impact of using asking for clarification and circumlocution speaking strategies on enhancing the speaking. Studies in Linguistics and Literature, 1(2), 86-111.
  • Bialystok, E. (1990). Communication strategies: A psychological analysis of second-language use. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2017). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Campillo, P. S. (2006). The use of circumlocution in the foreign language context. Porta Linguarum, (5), 7-15.
  • Carter, R. (1983). A note on core vocabulary. Nottingham Linguistic Circular, (11), 39-51.
  • Chen, Y. F. (2006). Foreign language learning strategy training in circumlocution. Journal-Chinese Language Teachers Association, 41(3), 261-265.
  • Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education. New York: Taylor and Francis.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2005). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches. London: Sage Publications.
  • Creswell, J. W. & Clark, V. L. (2008). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. USA: Sage Publications.
  • Dornyei, Z. (1995). On the teachability of communication strategies. TESOL Quarterly, 29(1), 55-85. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587805.
  • Ekiz, D. (2003). Eğitimde araştırma yöntem ve metotlarına giriş: Nitel, nicel ve eleştirel kuram metodolojileri. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Faerch, C. & Kasper, G. (1983). Strategies in interlanguage communication. London: Longman.
  • Gu, Y. & Johnson, R. K. (1996) Vocabulary learning strategies and language learning outcomes. Language Learning Journal, 46(4), 643-679.
  • Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and learning in the language classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Karasar, N. (2015). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: Kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler (28. baskı). Ankara: Nobel Yayınları.
  • Kellerman, E. (1991). Compensatory strategies in second language research: A critique, a revision, and some (non-)implications for the classroom. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, and M. Swain (eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research (142-161). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Liskin-Gasparro, J. E. (1996). Circumlocution, communication strategies, and the ACTFL proficiency guidelines: An analysis of student discourse. Foreign Language Annals, 29(3), 317-330.
  • Melanlıoğlu, D. (2014). Üstbiliş strateji eğitiminin ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma kaygılarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 107-119.
  • Nation, P. (1990). Teaching and learning vocabulary. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston, Mass: Heinle ve Heinle.
  • Oxford, R. L. (1994). Language learning strategies: An update. CAL Online Resources: Digests, ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics, 3-4. Erişim Adresi: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED376707.pdf.
  • Salazar, P. (2006). The use of circumlocution in the foreign language context. Porta Linguarum, (5) 7-15.
  • Salomone, A. M. & Marsal, F. (1997). How to avoid language breakdown? Circumlocution!. Foreign Language Annals, 30(4), 473-484. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1997.tb00854.x.
  • Schmitt, N. (1997). Vocabulary learning strategies. In N. Schmitt & M. McCarthy (Eds.). Vocabulary: Description, acquisition and pedagogy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Schullen, M. E. & Jourdain, S. (2000). The Effect of explicit training on successful circumlocution: A classroom study. In J. Lee & A. Valdman (Eds.), Form and meaning: Multiple perspectives (231-253). Boston, MA: Heinle.
  • Tarone, E. (1977). Conscious communication strategies in interlanguage: A progress report”. TESOL, (77), 194-203.
  • Tarone, E. (1983). Teaching strategic competence in the foreign language classroom. Studies in Language Learning, (4), 121-130.
  • Tarone, E. (1986). The arm of the chair is where you can use for to write: Developing strategic competence in a second language.” ERIC Clearinghouse, 1-14.
  • Varadi, T. (1973). Strategies of target langage learner communication:message adjustment. Paper presented at the sixth conference of the Romanian-English Linguistics Project in Timisoara.
  • Yazıcıoğlu, Y. & Erdoğan, S. (2017). Spss uygulamalı bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Yule, G. & Tarone, E. (1991). The other side of the page: Integrating the study of communication strategies and negotiated input in SLA. In R. Phillipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, & M. Swain (Eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research (142-161). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
  • Yule, G. & Tarone, E. (1997). Investigating communication strategies in L2 reference: pros and cons. In G. Kasper and E. Kellerman (Eds.), Communication strategies: psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives (17-30). New York: Longman.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Muhammet Memiş 0000-0001-6037-3958

Mete Yusuf Ustabulut 0000-0002-8864-645X

Publication Date August 31, 2021
Acceptance Date March 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Memiş, M., & Ustabulut, M. Y. (2021). Türkçe Öğrenenlerin Konuşma ve Yazma Başarısını Artırmak İçin Kullanılabilecek Faydalı Bir Uygulama: Farklı Kelimelerle Açıklama Stratejisi. Erzincan Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 556-574. https://doi.org/10.17556/erziefd.878409