New Generation Biomaterials Used in Delivery of Therapeutic Molecules

Year 2018, , 524 - 542, 30.12.2018

Ayşenur Pamukcı Hüseyin Portakal Erdal Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.339405

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Recently, with the discovery
of the RNA interference mechanism, transfection of various small nucleic acid
fragments (miRNA, siRNA, shRNA and plasmid DNA etc.) has been gradually gaining
importance and it is nowadays being used for silencing of the specific gene
regions causing many diseases. The barriers in delivery of therapeutic nucleic
acids, drug, DNA or protein vaccines, which are aimed to used in treatment of
many diseases, into tissue and cells restrict the developments in this field.
Consequently, polymer, inorganic and lipid-based biomaterials or composites
synthetized from aforementioned biomaterials are tailored through various
modification for the delivery of nucleic acids, drugs and DNA/protein vaccines.
Also, nanoparticles are able to be more functionalized by optimizing or
modifying them to reduce the toxic effects and to target cell being
transfected. In the development of new generation therapeutics; i) new nucleic acid types, ii) surpassing biological barriers
restricting transfection efficiency, iii)
synthesis of more functional nano-biomaterials are being intensively studied in vitro/in vivo conditions and promising developments are being
experienced. In this review article, different biomaterials are classified
depending on their structures, discussed in detail and reference studies
regarding therapeutic applications of these biomaterials are presented in the
light of recent developments in the literature.

Keywords

Biomaterials, Nanotechnology, Non-Viral Vectors, Nucleic Acid Transfection

Terapötik Moleküllerin Aktarımında Kullanılan Yeni Nesil Biyomalzemeler

Abstract

Son yıllarda, RNA interferans mekanizmasının keşfedilmesiyle birlikte çeşitli ufak nükleik asit parçacıklarının (miRNA, siRNA, shRNA ve plazmid DNA vb.) transfeksiyonu giderek önem kazanmakta ve günümüzde birçok hastalığa sebep olan spesifik gen bölgelerinin susturulması için kullanılmaktadır. Birçok hastalığın tedavisinde kullanılması hedeflenen terapötik nükleik asitlerin, ilaç veya aşıların doku ve hücrelere aktarılmasındaki engeller bu alandaki gelişmeleri sınırlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, polimer, inorganik ve lipit bazlı çeşitli biyomalzemeler veya bu biyomalzemelerden oluşan kompozitler çeşitli modifikasyonlara uğratılarak terapötik nükleik asit, ilaç veya DNA/protein aşısı aktarımı için uygun hale getirilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, toksik etkiyi azaltmak ve aktarımın yapılacağı hücreyi hedeflemek için çeşitli optimizasyon ve modifikasyonlar yapılarak nanoparçacıklar daha fonksiyonel hale getirilebilmektedirler. Yeni nesil terapötiklerin geliştirilmesinde; i) yeni nükleik asit tipleri, ii) transfeksiyon verimini sınırlayan biyolojik bariyerlerin aşılması, iii) daha fonksiyonel nano-biyomalzemelerin sentezi in vitro/in vivo ortamlarda yoğun bir şekilde araştırılmakta ve umut vaat eden gelişmeler yaşanmaktadır. Bu derleme makalesinde, literatürdeki güncel gelişmeler göz önünde tutularak farklı biyomalzemeler yapılarına göre sınıflandırılmış, ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiş ve bu biyomalzemelerin terapötik uygulamalarda kullanımıyla ilgili örnek çalışmalara yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

Biyomalzemeler, Nanoteknoloji, Non-Viral Vektörler, Nükleik Asit Transfeksiyonu

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