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Entaurea kurdica Reichardt and Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz’nın Element İçeriği ve Antioksidan Enzimlerinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, , 74 - 86, 24.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.423266

Abstract

Kronik hastalıklar dünya çapında hızla artmaktadır. Tüm yaşam boyunca sağlığın iyileştirilmesi ve sürdürülmesinde beslenme ve diyet önemli bir yere sahiptir. Organizmadaki biyokimyasal ve fizyolojik değişim, biyomoleküllerde oksidatif hasara yol açan serbest radikallerin aşırı artmasına neden olabilir. Son zamanlarda tıbbi bitkilerin kullanımı antioksidanlar, antikanser ve hipoglisemik aktiviteler gibi yararlı özellikler nedeniyle artmıştır. Bu çalışmada kullanılan, Centaurea kurdicaReichardt ve Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz (Asteraceae) Elazığ'ın çeşitli bölgelerinde doğal olarak yetişen endemik türlerdir. Centaurea'nın birçok taksonu geleneksel olarak hem ülkemizde hem de dünyada tıbbi amaçlarla ve besinler için kullanılmaktadır. Centaurea kurdica Reichardt ve Centaurea urvilleiDC. subsp. hayekianaWagenitz (Asteraceae) taksonları Elazığ'daki doğal yaşam alanlarından elde edilmiştir. Bitki dokularında ağır metal akümülasyonu, antioksidan enzimler süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon S transferaz (GST), askorbat peroksidaz (AP) ve katalaz (CAT) aktiviteleri gibi fizyolojik değişiklikler tespit edilmiştir. Çalışılan enzimlerden SOD en fazla aktiviteye sahip olan enzimdir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda en fazla akümülasyonun genellikle yapraklarda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri: süperoksit dismutaz (SOD), glutatyon S transferaz (GST), askorbat peroksidaz (APX) ve katalaz (CAT) değerlendirildi Centaurea kurdica'da sırasıyla 1.315, 0.011, 0.031 ve 0.007 unit mg-1olarak tespit edildi. C. kurdica'nın Centaurea urvilleiDC. subsp. hayekiana’dan askorbat peroksidaz dışında değerlendirilen tüm enzim aktivitelerinde daha iyi olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Jahan S, Sultana S, 2010. Ethno-pharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics among the tribal communities of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. J.Ethnopharmacol. 128(2), 322–335.
  • Aebi H, 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105, 121–176.
  • Agbor MA, Naidoo S, 2015. Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Oral Health Problems in Cameroon. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015, 1-10.
  • Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Emmanuel A, Obuotor EM, Farombi EO, 2007. Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of ocinumgratissimum. Sci. Res. and Essay. 2(5): 163-166.
  • Arceusz A, Radecka I, Wesolowski M, 2010. Identification of diversity in elements content in medicinal plants belonging to different plant families. Food Chem. 120, 52–58.
  • Asada K, 1992. Ascorbate peroxidase: a hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme in plants. Physiol Plant. 85, 235–241.
  • Ashraf M, Hayat MQ, Mumtaz AS, 2010b. A study on elemental contents of medicinally important species of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) found in Pakistan. J. Med. Plants Res. 4, 2256-2263.
  • Bancheva S, Greilhuber J. 2006. Genome size in Bulgarian Centaurea s.l. (Asteraceae). PlantSystematics and Evolution. 257, 95-117.
  • Baycu G, Tolunay D, Ozden H, Gunebakan S, 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environ.Pollut. 143(3), 545–554.
  • Beauchamp C, Fridovich I, 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 44, 276–287.
  • Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248–254.
  • Briat JF, 2002. Metal-ion-mediated oxidative stress and its control. In M Montagu, D Inzé, eds, Oxidative Stress in Plants. Taylor and Francis Publishers, London, pp 171–189.
  • Cakilcioglu U, Turkoglu I. 2010. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132, 165-175.
  • Chizzola R, Michitsch H, Franz C, 2003. Monitoring of Metallic Micronutrients and Heavy Metals in Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants from Austria. European Food Research and Technology. 216, 407–411.
  • Davis PH. (ed.) 1975. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 5. EdinburghUniversity Press. Edinburgh.
  • Dittrich M. 1977. Cinareae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Heywood VH, Harborne JB, Turner BL. (eds.) Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco. p 999-1015.
  • Drotar A, Phelps P, Fall R, 1985.Evidence for Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Cultured Plant Cells, Plant Sci. 42, 34-40.
  • Galli F, Piroddi M, Annetti C, Aisa C, Floridi E, Floridi A. 2005, Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. Contrib Nephrol. 149, 240–60.
  • Garg N, Singla P, 2011. Arsenic toxicity in crop plants: physiological effects and tolerance mechanisms. Environ. Chem. Lett. 9, 303–321.
  • Gill SS, Tuteja N, 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 48, 909–930. Gutteridge JM, Halliwell B, 2000. Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000: A historical look to the future. Ann N.Y. Acad Sci. 899, 136–147.
  • Gürbüz I, Yesilada E. 2007. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic effect of the sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea solstitialis ssp. solstitialis by using various in vivo and biochemical techniques. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 112, 284-295.
  • Halliwell B, 2002. Effect of diet on cancer development: is oxidative DNA damage a biomarker. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 32, 968–974.
  • Hossen ML, Ahmed S, Khan MFR, Rahman MT, Saha S, Nazir KHMNH, Rahman M, Islam MA, Rahman MB, 2014. Typing of foot and mouth disease virus circulating in Bangladesh by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Veterinary Advances, 4, 778-785.
  • Hou W, Chen X, Song G, Wang Q, Chang CC, 2007. Effect of copper and cadmium on heavy metal polluted waterbody restoration by duckweed (Lemna minor). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 45, 62–69.
  • Huang JW, Cunningham SD, 1996. Lead phytoextraction: species variation in lead uptake and translocation. New Phytol. 145, 75–84.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. 2000. Trace element in soils and plants, 3rd edn. CRC Press, USA. 413 s.
  • Lee SH, Ahsan N, Lee KW, Kim DH, Lee DG, Kwak SS, 2007. Simultaneous over expression of both Cu Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in transgenic tall fescue plants confers increased tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. J Plant Physiol.; 164, 1626–38.
  • Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N, 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Review. 4(8), 118-126.
  • Mihoc M, Pop G, Alexa E, Radulov I. 2012. Nutritive quality of romanian hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) with special focus on oil and metal contents of seeds. Chem Central J. 6, 1–12.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, 2000. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Health Profession Division, USA.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, 2000. Harper's biochemistry, 25th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Health Profession Division, USA.
  • Nakano Y, Asada K, 1981. Hydrogen Peroxide is Scavenged by Ascorbate-Specific Peroxidase in Spinach Chloroplast, Plant Cell Physiol. 22, 867-880.
  • Navari-Izzo F, Meneguzzo S, Loggini B, Vazzana C, Sgherri CLM, 1997. The role of the glutathione system during dehydration of Boea hygroscopica. Physiol Plant. 99, 23–30.
  • Noctor G, Foyer CH, 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 49, 249–79.Pham Huy LA, He H, Pham Huy C, 2008. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science. 4(2), 89- 96.
  • Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satıl F. 2013. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 148, 951-963.
  • Radic S, Babic M, Skobic D, Roje V, Pevalek-Kozlina B, 2010. Ecotoxicological effects of aluminum and zinc on growth and antioxidants in Lemna minor L. Ecotox Environ Safe. 73, 336– 342.
  • Rizhsky L, Hallak-Herr E, Van Breusegem F, Rachmilevitch S, Barr JE, et al. 2002. Double antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase and catalase are less sensitive to oxidative stress than single antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase or catalase. Plant J. 32, 329–42.
  • Scandalios JG, 1987. The antioxidant enzyme genes CAT and SOD of maize: regulation, functional significance and molecular biology. Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 14, 19–44.
  • Shahida M, Dumat C, Khalida S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Niazi NK, 2017. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 325, 36–58
  • Shalini V, Dubey RS, 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plant. Plant Science. 164, 645–655.
  • Singh V, Garg AN, 1997. Availability of essential trace elements in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal herbs using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48,97–101.
  • Singh V, Garg, AN, 1997. Availability of essential trace elements in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal herbs using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48 (1), 97–101.
  • Soetan KO, Olaiya CO, Oyewole OE, 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants. Afr. J. Food Sci. 4(5), 200-222.
  • Soong YY, Barlow PJ,2004. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chem. 88(3), 411–417.
  • Tetik F, Civelek S, Cakilcioglu U. 2013. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 146, 331-346.
  • Uruc Parlak K, 2016. Effect of nickel on growth and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 76, 1–5.
  • Vangronsveld J, Clijsters H, 1994. Toxic effects of metals. In: Farago ME ed. Plants and the Chemical Elements-Biochemistry, Uptake, Tolerance and Toxicity. VCH, Weinheim, pp. 149–177.
  • Varalakshmi LR, Ganeshamurthy AN, 2012. Heavy metal contamination of water bodies, soils and vegetables in peri-urban areas: a case study in Bengaluru. J. Hortic. Sci. 7(1), 62-67.
  • WHO, World Health Organization. Switzerland: Geneva; 2009.
  • Willekens H, Chamnongpol S, Davey M, Schraudner M, Langebartels C, Van-Montagu M, Inze D, Van-Camp W, 1997. Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defence in C-3 plants. Embo J. 16, 4806–4816.
  • Yesilada E, Gürbüz I, Bedir E, Tatli I, Khan IA. 2004. Isolation of antiulcerogenic sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea solstitialis ssp. solstitialis through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 95, 213-219.
  • Yurekli F, Porgali ZB, 2006. The effects of excessive exposure to copper in bean plants. Acta Biol. Cracov. Bot. 48(2),7-13.
  • Zhu H, Zhang L, Amin AR, Li Y, 2008. Coordinated upregulation of series of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes as a novel strategy for protecting renal tubular cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress. Exp Biol Med. 233, 753–65.

Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and elements content of Centaurea kurdica Reichardt and Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz

Year 2019, , 74 - 86, 24.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.423266

Abstract

Chronic illnesses are quickly increasing worldwide. Nourishment and diet have an important place in the improvement and maintenance of health throughout the whole life. Biochemical and physiological change in the organism may result in overexpress of free radicals causing to oxidative injury to biomolecules. Recently, the use of medical plants has increased due to their useful properties such as antioxidants, anticancer and hypoglycaemic activities. Centaurea kurdicaReichardt and Centaurea urvilleiDC. subsp. hayekianaWagenitz (Asteraceae)  used in this study taxa are endemic species naturally grown in various regions of Elazig. Many taxa of Centaureaare being traditionally used both in our country and across the world for medical purposes as well as nutrients. Centaurea kurdicaReichardt and Centaurea urvilleiDC. subsp. hayekianaWagenitz (Asteraceae) taxa were obtained from their natural habitats in Elazığ. Physiological changes such as heavy metal segregation, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S transferase (GST), ascorbat peroxidase (AP) and catalase (CAT) activities in plant tissues were determined. Among the enzymes studied, SOD is the enzyme with the highest activity. It has been determined that the maximum accumulation of the accumulation is usually on the leaves. The activities of enzymatic antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S transferase (GST), ascorbat peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) activities were assayed and found significantly higher i.e. 1.315, 0.011, 0.031 and 0.007 (unit mg-1fresh tissues) respectively in Centaurea kurdicathan Centaurea urvilleiDC. subsp. hayekiana, where C. kurdicawas recorded next plant in order to be better-off in the entire enzyme activity assessed except ascorbate peroxidase.

References

  • Abbasi AM, Khan MA, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Jahan S, Sultana S, 2010. Ethno-pharmacological application of medicinal plants to cure skin diseases and in folk cosmetics among the tribal communities of North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan. J.Ethnopharmacol. 128(2), 322–335.
  • Aebi H, 1984. Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymol. 105, 121–176.
  • Agbor MA, Naidoo S, 2015. Ethnomedicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Oral Health Problems in Cameroon. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2015, 1-10.
  • Akinmoladun AC, Ibukun EO, Emmanuel A, Obuotor EM, Farombi EO, 2007. Phytochemical constituent and antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of ocinumgratissimum. Sci. Res. and Essay. 2(5): 163-166.
  • Arceusz A, Radecka I, Wesolowski M, 2010. Identification of diversity in elements content in medicinal plants belonging to different plant families. Food Chem. 120, 52–58.
  • Asada K, 1992. Ascorbate peroxidase: a hydrogen peroxide-scavenging enzyme in plants. Physiol Plant. 85, 235–241.
  • Ashraf M, Hayat MQ, Mumtaz AS, 2010b. A study on elemental contents of medicinally important species of Artemisia L. (Asteraceae) found in Pakistan. J. Med. Plants Res. 4, 2256-2263.
  • Bancheva S, Greilhuber J. 2006. Genome size in Bulgarian Centaurea s.l. (Asteraceae). PlantSystematics and Evolution. 257, 95-117.
  • Baycu G, Tolunay D, Ozden H, Gunebakan S, 2006. Ecophysiological and seasonal variations in Cd, Pb, Zn and Ni concentrations in the leaves of urban deciduous trees in Istanbul. Environ.Pollut. 143(3), 545–554.
  • Beauchamp C, Fridovich I, 1971. Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Anal. Biochem. 44, 276–287.
  • Bradford MM, 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72, 248–254.
  • Briat JF, 2002. Metal-ion-mediated oxidative stress and its control. In M Montagu, D Inzé, eds, Oxidative Stress in Plants. Taylor and Francis Publishers, London, pp 171–189.
  • Cakilcioglu U, Turkoglu I. 2010. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants in Sivrice (Elazığ-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132, 165-175.
  • Chizzola R, Michitsch H, Franz C, 2003. Monitoring of Metallic Micronutrients and Heavy Metals in Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants from Austria. European Food Research and Technology. 216, 407–411.
  • Davis PH. (ed.) 1975. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 5. EdinburghUniversity Press. Edinburgh.
  • Dittrich M. 1977. Cinareae – systematic review. In: The Biology and Chemistry of the Compositae. Heywood VH, Harborne JB, Turner BL. (eds.) Academic Press, London, New York, San Francisco. p 999-1015.
  • Drotar A, Phelps P, Fall R, 1985.Evidence for Glutathione Peroxidase Activities in Cultured Plant Cells, Plant Sci. 42, 34-40.
  • Galli F, Piroddi M, Annetti C, Aisa C, Floridi E, Floridi A. 2005, Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. Contrib Nephrol. 149, 240–60.
  • Garg N, Singla P, 2011. Arsenic toxicity in crop plants: physiological effects and tolerance mechanisms. Environ. Chem. Lett. 9, 303–321.
  • Gill SS, Tuteja N, 2010. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol. Biochem. 48, 909–930. Gutteridge JM, Halliwell B, 2000. Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000: A historical look to the future. Ann N.Y. Acad Sci. 899, 136–147.
  • Gürbüz I, Yesilada E. 2007. Evaluation of the antiulcerogenic effect of the sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea solstitialis ssp. solstitialis by using various in vivo and biochemical techniques. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 112, 284-295.
  • Halliwell B, 2002. Effect of diet on cancer development: is oxidative DNA damage a biomarker. Free. Radic. Biol. Med. 32, 968–974.
  • Hossen ML, Ahmed S, Khan MFR, Rahman MT, Saha S, Nazir KHMNH, Rahman M, Islam MA, Rahman MB, 2014. Typing of foot and mouth disease virus circulating in Bangladesh by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Veterinary Advances, 4, 778-785.
  • Hou W, Chen X, Song G, Wang Q, Chang CC, 2007. Effect of copper and cadmium on heavy metal polluted waterbody restoration by duckweed (Lemna minor). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 45, 62–69.
  • Huang JW, Cunningham SD, 1996. Lead phytoextraction: species variation in lead uptake and translocation. New Phytol. 145, 75–84.
  • Kabata-Pendias, A. 2000. Trace element in soils and plants, 3rd edn. CRC Press, USA. 413 s.
  • Lee SH, Ahsan N, Lee KW, Kim DH, Lee DG, Kwak SS, 2007. Simultaneous over expression of both Cu Zn superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase in transgenic tall fescue plants confers increased tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses. J Plant Physiol.; 164, 1626–38.
  • Lobo V, Patil A, Phatak A, Chandra N, 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Review. 4(8), 118-126.
  • Mihoc M, Pop G, Alexa E, Radulov I. 2012. Nutritive quality of romanian hemp varieties (Cannabis sativa L.) with special focus on oil and metal contents of seeds. Chem Central J. 6, 1–12.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, 2000. Harper’s Biochemistry, 25 th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Health Profession Division, USA.
  • Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, 2000. Harper's biochemistry, 25th Ed. McGraw-Hill, Health Profession Division, USA.
  • Nakano Y, Asada K, 1981. Hydrogen Peroxide is Scavenged by Ascorbate-Specific Peroxidase in Spinach Chloroplast, Plant Cell Physiol. 22, 867-880.
  • Navari-Izzo F, Meneguzzo S, Loggini B, Vazzana C, Sgherri CLM, 1997. The role of the glutathione system during dehydration of Boea hygroscopica. Physiol Plant. 99, 23–30.
  • Noctor G, Foyer CH, 1998. Ascorbate and glutathione: keeping active oxygen under control. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol. 49, 249–79.Pham Huy LA, He H, Pham Huy C, 2008. Free radicals, antioxidants in disease and health. International Journal of Biomedical Science. 4(2), 89- 96.
  • Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Satıl F. 2013. Traditional uses of medicinal plants in Solhan (Bingöl-Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 148, 951-963.
  • Radic S, Babic M, Skobic D, Roje V, Pevalek-Kozlina B, 2010. Ecotoxicological effects of aluminum and zinc on growth and antioxidants in Lemna minor L. Ecotox Environ Safe. 73, 336– 342.
  • Rizhsky L, Hallak-Herr E, Van Breusegem F, Rachmilevitch S, Barr JE, et al. 2002. Double antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase and catalase are less sensitive to oxidative stress than single antisense plants lacking ascorbate peroxidase or catalase. Plant J. 32, 329–42.
  • Scandalios JG, 1987. The antioxidant enzyme genes CAT and SOD of maize: regulation, functional significance and molecular biology. Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 14, 19–44.
  • Shahida M, Dumat C, Khalida S, Schreck E, Xiong T, Niazi NK, 2017. Foliar heavy metal uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: A comparison of foliar and root metal uptake, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 325, 36–58
  • Shalini V, Dubey RS, 2003. Lead toxicity induces lipid peroxidation and alters the activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice plant. Plant Science. 164, 645–655.
  • Singh V, Garg AN, 1997. Availability of essential trace elements in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal herbs using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48,97–101.
  • Singh V, Garg, AN, 1997. Availability of essential trace elements in Ayurvedic Indian medicinal herbs using instrumental neutron activation analysis. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 48 (1), 97–101.
  • Soetan KO, Olaiya CO, Oyewole OE, 2010. The importance of mineral elements for humans, domestic animals and plants. Afr. J. Food Sci. 4(5), 200-222.
  • Soong YY, Barlow PJ,2004. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of selected fruit seeds. Food Chem. 88(3), 411–417.
  • Tetik F, Civelek S, Cakilcioglu U. 2013. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 146, 331-346.
  • Uruc Parlak K, 2016. Effect of nickel on growth and biochemical characteristics of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings, NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences 76, 1–5.
  • Vangronsveld J, Clijsters H, 1994. Toxic effects of metals. In: Farago ME ed. Plants and the Chemical Elements-Biochemistry, Uptake, Tolerance and Toxicity. VCH, Weinheim, pp. 149–177.
  • Varalakshmi LR, Ganeshamurthy AN, 2012. Heavy metal contamination of water bodies, soils and vegetables in peri-urban areas: a case study in Bengaluru. J. Hortic. Sci. 7(1), 62-67.
  • WHO, World Health Organization. Switzerland: Geneva; 2009.
  • Willekens H, Chamnongpol S, Davey M, Schraudner M, Langebartels C, Van-Montagu M, Inze D, Van-Camp W, 1997. Catalase is a sink for H2O2 and is indispensable for stress defence in C-3 plants. Embo J. 16, 4806–4816.
  • Yesilada E, Gürbüz I, Bedir E, Tatli I, Khan IA. 2004. Isolation of antiulcerogenic sesquiterpene lactones from Centaurea solstitialis ssp. solstitialis through bioassay-guided fractionation procedures in rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 95, 213-219.
  • Yurekli F, Porgali ZB, 2006. The effects of excessive exposure to copper in bean plants. Acta Biol. Cracov. Bot. 48(2),7-13.
  • Zhu H, Zhang L, Amin AR, Li Y, 2008. Coordinated upregulation of series of endogenous antioxidants and phase 2 enzymes as a novel strategy for protecting renal tubular cells from oxidative and electrophilic stress. Exp Biol Med. 233, 753–65.
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Kadiriye Uruç Parlak

Publication Date March 24, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Uruç Parlak, K. (2019). Evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and elements content of Centaurea kurdica Reichardt and Centaurea urvillei DC. subsp. hayekiana Wagenitz. Erzincan University Journal of Science and Technology, 12(1), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.423266