BİTKİLERDE GENOTOKSİSİTE ÇALIŞMALARINDA YAYGIN OLARAK KULLANILAN PARAMETRELER VE UYGULANAN TEST SİSTEMLERİ

Year 2015, , 223 - 247, 16.12.2015

Dilek Akyıl , Arzu Özkara

https://doi.org/10.18185/eufbed.83628

Abstract

Araştırmacılar son yıllarda çevremizde hem insanlar tarafından hem de doğal olarak meydana gelmiş birçok mutajenin varlığını net bir şekilde göstermişlerdir. Hava ve suların her ikisini de kirleten kimyasal ajanlar, gıdalar, ilaçlar, kozmetik ürünleri, pestisitler, ev yapımı ve endüstriyel kimyasallar gibi birçok kimyasal sınıfını içermektedir. Genotoksik kimyasalların salınımı ile meydana gelen bu kirlilik artışı ekosistemi ve insanların da içinde bulunduğu tüm organizmaları olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Bundan dolayı hava, su, ve toprak kontaminantları ve bunların organizmalara etkisini belirlemek amacıyla hızlı ve kesin metotlara ihtiyaç vardır. Genotoksinlerin etkilerini tanımlayabilmek için birçok genotoksisite test sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Var olan birçok araştırma göstermiştir ki bitki biyotestleri çevredeki genotoksik kontaminasyonun değerlendirilmesinde oldukça önemli metotlardır. Bitki testleri gen mutasyonları ve kromozom aberasyonları gibi geniş bir alanı kapsayan genetik hasarların belirlenmesini sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca diğer testlere göre oldukça hassas ve kolay uygulanabilen metotlar olan bitki biyotestleri, çevresel kirleticilerin genotoksik etkisinin belirlenmesinde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme ile bitkilerde yaygın olarak kullanılan genotoksisite ölçütü parametreler ve bu parametreleri içeren bazı çalışmalar değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır.

Keywords

Genotoksisite, mitotik indeks, mikronükleus, kromozom aberasyonu

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