Histopathology and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila Isolated from Diseased Guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 306 - 313, 20.03.2020

Çiğdem Ürkü

https://doi.org/10.18185/erzifbed.544683

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Abstract This study was carried out to determine the reason of mortality in guppy (Poecilia reticulata) kept in an aquarium fish-rearing farm in Istanbul province and confirm damage caused in tissues and antibiotic susceptibility of isolated pathogen bacteria. Externally diseased guppies (n=15) showed sloughing scales, ulcerative skin lesions on the body surface and abdominal distension; internally pale liver and accumulation of a liquid in the abdominal cavity were observed. Bacteriological inoculation from internal organs such as liver, spleen and kidney of guppies (n=15) were made onto Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Brain Heart Infusion Agar (BHIA). After incubation, all isolated bacteria were identified as Aeromonas hydrophila according to their psychological, morphological, biochemical characteristic, and API 20E profile.  Also, these isolates (n=15) were determined to be sensitive to chloramphenicol and florfenicol. Histopathologically, multifocal liquefactive necrosis in the spleen, liver, kidney and heart, degeneration of tubular epithelium and necrosis in the kidney, desquamation of mucosa epithelium and necrotic gastric glands in the stomach, discharge of the white pulp in the spleen, desquamation of the lamina propria and mucosa epithelium in the intestine, and sloughed off the necrotic gill epithelium cells were observed.

Keywords

Aeromonas hydrophila, antibiotic susceptibility, API 20E, guppy, histopathology

Hasta Lepistes Balığından (Poecilia reticulata)İzole Edilen Aeromonas hydrophila’ nın Antibiyotik Duyarlılığı ve Histopatolojisi

Abstract

Bu çalışma İstanbul ilinde bulunan bir akvaryum balığı
üretim işletmesindeki hasta lepistes balıklarında görülen ölümlerin nedenini
ortaya koymak ve izole edilen patojen bakterinin dokularda oluşturduğu hasarı
ve antibiyotik duyarlılığını tespit etmek amacı ile yürütülmüştür. Eksternal
olarak, ölmek üzere olan lepistes (Poecilia
reticulata) balıklarında pullarda dökülme, vücut yüzeyinde ülseratif deri
lezyonları ve abdominal genişleme görüldü; internal olarak karaciğerin renginde
açılma, abdominal boşlukta sıvı birikimi tespit edildi. Karaciğer, böbrek ve
dalak gibi iç organlardan Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA) and Brain Heart Infusion Agar
(BHIA) besiyerlerine ekimler yapıldı. İnkubasyon sonrasında izole edilen tüm
bakteriler fizyolojik, morfolojik ve biyokimyasal özellikleri ve API 20E
profiline göre Aeromonas hydrophila olarak identifiye edildi. Bu izolatların (n=15) kloramfenikol ve
florfenikol’e duyarlı olduğu tespit edildi. Histopatolojik olarak dalak,
karaciğer, böbrek ve kalp dokusunda multifokal liquefaktif nekroz, tubuler
böbrek epitelyumunda dejenerasyon ve nekroz, mide bezlerinde ve mukoza
epitelyumunda dökülme, dalağın kırmızı pulpasında boşalma, bağırsağın mukoza
epitelinde ve lamina propriasında dökülme yanı sıra nekrotik solungaç epitel
hücrelerinde dökülme tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Aeromonas hydrophila, API 20E, antibiyotik duyarlılığı, histopatoloji

References

• Abdelhamed, H., Ibrahim, I., Baumgartner, W., Lawrence, M. L., Karsi, A. (2017). “Characterization of histopathological and ultrastructural changes in channel catfish experimentally infected with virulent Aeromonas hydrophila”. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8: 15-19.
• Afifi, S.H., Al-Thobiati, S., Hazaa, M.S. (2000). “Bacteriological and histopathological studies on Aeromonas hydrophila infection of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from fish farms in Saudi Arabia”. Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal, 84: 195-205.
• AlYahya, S. A., Ameen, F., Al-Niaeem, K. S., Al-Sa'adi, B. A., Hadi, S., & Mostafa, A. A. (2018). “Histopathological studies of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus”. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(1): 182-185.
• Aoki, T. (1988). “Drug-resistant plasmids from fish pathogens”. Microbiological Sciences, 5(7): 219-223.
• Austin, B., Austin, D.A. 2016. “Bacterial Fish Pathogens, Diseases of farmed and Wild Fish”. 6th edition. Springer, Dordrecht. pp.119-131.
• Barry, A.L., Thornsberry, C. (1985).Susceptibility tests: diffusion test procedures. In: Lennette, E.H. et al. (Ed.) (2001). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Balows A, Hausler WJ, Shadamy HJ, eds.. 4 th edition. Washington: American Society of Microbiology. pp. 978-987.
• Buller, N.B., (2004). “Bacteria from fish and other aquatic animals: A practical identification manual”. Wallingford, UK, CABI Publishing.
• Bullock AM, 1978. “Laboratory Methods in Fish Pathology”. Ed. by Roberts R.J., Bailliere Tindall, London, pp 235- 267.
• Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (2008). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for bacteria isolated From Animals: Approved Standard-Third Edition M31-A3. CLSI, Waune, PA, USA.
• Dias, C., Mota, V., Martinez-Murcia, A., Saavedra, M. J. (2012). “Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Aeromonas spp. isolated from ornamental fish”. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 3(3): 131-136.
• El-Barbary, M. I. (2010). “Some clinical, microbiological and molecular characteristics of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from various naturally infected fishes”. Aquaculture International, 18(5): 943-954.
• Hamid, N.H., Hassan, M.D., Sabri, M.Y.M., Hasliza, A.H., Hamdan, R.H., Afifah, M.N.F., Raina, M.S., Nadia, A.B.S., Fuad, M.M. (2017). “Studies on Pathogenicity effect of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in juvenile red hybrid tilapia Oreochromis sp. In: Proceedings of International Seminar on Livestock Production and Veterinary Technology”, pp. 532–539.
• Hettiarachchi, D. C., Cheong, C. H. (1994). “Some characteristics of Aeromonas hydrophila and vibrio species isolated from bacterial disease out-breaks in ornamental fish culture in Sri Lanka”. Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 22(3): 261-269.
• Huizinga, H.W., Esch, G.W., Hazen, T.C. (1979). “Histopathology of red-sore disease (Aeromonas hydrophila) in naturally and experimentally infected largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides (Lacépéde)”. Journal of Fish Diseases, 2: 263-277.
• Jagoda, S.D.S., Wijewardana, T.G., Arulkanthan, A., Igarashi, Y., Tan, E., Kinoshita, S., Asakawa, S. (2014). “Characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of motile aeromonads isolated from freshwater ornamental fish showing signs of septicaemia”. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 109(2): 127-137.
• Janda, J.M., Abbott, S.L. 2010. “The Genus aeromonas: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and infection”. Clinical Microbiology Review, 23.35-73.
• Laith, A. R., Najiah, M. (2013). “Aeromonas hydrophila: antimicrobial susceptibility and histopathology of isolates from diseased catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell)”. Journal of Aquaculture Research and Development, 5(2): 1-7.
• Lewbart, G.A. (2001). “Bacteria and ornamental fish. In Seminars in avian and exotic pet medicine” Elsevier. 10 (1): 48-56.
• Li, X., Saghaian, S.H. (2011). Impact of HACCP on US Seafood Exports. Paper presented at IFAMA meeting, Frankfurt, Germany, June 20-23.
• Musa, N., Wei, L.S., Shaharom, F., Wee, W. (2008). “Surveillance of Bacteria Species in Diseased Freshwater Ornamental Fish From Aquarium Shop”. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3: 903-905.
• Pal, S., Ray, S. D., Homechaudhuri, S. (2015). “Evaluation of in vivo non-specific immunity and oxidative stress in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila as biomarker for early diagnosis”. Int J Fish Aquat Stud, 3(1): 116-124.
• Pathiratne, A., Widanapathirana, G.S., Chandrakanthi, W.H.S. (1994). “Association of Aeromonas hydrophila with epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) of freshwater fish in Sri Lanka”. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 10, (2): 204-208.
• Radu, S., Ahmad, N., Ling, F.H., Reezal, A. (2003). “Prevalence and resistance to antibiotics for Aeromonas species from retail fish in Malaysia”. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 81(3): 261-266.
• Savaş, E. (1996). Marmara bölgesindeki akvaryum balığı işletmelerinin ekonomik analizi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Yetiştiricilik Anabilim Dalı, Yetiştiricilik Programı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul.
• Türkmen, G., Alpbaz, A.G. (1999). “Türkiye’de akvaryum balıkçılığı”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi Özel Sayı, 469-474.
• Ventura, M.T., Grizzle, J.M. (1988): “Lesions associated with natural and experimental infections of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)”. Journal of Fish Diseases, 11: 397-407.
• Von Gravenitz, A., Mensch, A.H. (1968): The genus Aeromonas in human bacteriology”. New England Journal of Medicine,278: 245 - 249.
• Wildgoose, W., 2001: BSAVA Manual of Ornamental Fish, 2nd ed, British Small Animal Veterinary Association, Quedgeley, Gloucester, UK. p. 312.