Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

KARŞILAŞTIRMALI REKLAMLARIN TÜKETİCİLERDE NEDEN OLDUĞU TUTUM FARKLILIKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 233 - 255, 02.05.2020

Abstract

Bu çalışma, reklamda
verilen bilgiye, reklama, reklam veren markaya ve satın alma niyetine yönelik,
karşılaştırmalı reklamların tüketicilerde nasıl etkilere neden olduğunun
araştırılması amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, 2017’nin bahar aylarında Van Yüzüncü Yıl
Üniversitesinde öğrenim gören, 1177 öğrencinin katılımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Reklam veren marka kullanıcısı
olup olmama, cinsiyet ve çalışmada kullanılan reklam türleri bağımsız
değişkenler olarak ele alınıp, araştırma 3x2x2 faktöriyel desene göre
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada
kullanılan üç farklı reklam türünün (doğrudan karşılaştırmalı, dolaylı
karşılaştırmalı ve karşılaştırmalı olmayan) katılımcılara gösterilmesi kriteri
kapsamında, doğrudan karşılaştırmalı, dolaylı karşılaştırmalı ve
karşılaştırmalı olmayan reklam grubu olarak adlandırılan üç deneysel grup
oluşturulmuştur. Reklam
türünün etkisi, reklam türü ve cinsiyetin ortak etkisi, reklam türü ve reklam
veren marka kullanıcısı olup olmamanın ortak etkisi ve reklam türü, cinsiyet,
reklam veren marka kullanıcısı olup olmamanın ortak etkisine göre bağımlı değişkenler
üzerinde anlamlı bir farklılığın olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Cinsiyet,
reklam veren marka kullanıcısı olup olmama ve reklam türü değişkenlerinin ortak
etkisine göre reklama yönelik, reklam veren markaya yönelik ve reklamda verilen
bilgilere yönelik tutumlar üzerindeki etkiler ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki
etkilere yönelik anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Doğrudan karşılaştırmalı reklamların, dolaylı karşılaştırmalı ve
karşılaştırmalı olmayan reklamlara göre diğer markalara yönelik daha saldırgan
görüldüğü sonucuna varılmıştır. Elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesinde üç
yönlü çok değişkenli varyans analizi (Three Way MANOVA), üç yönlü varyans
analizi (Three Way ANOVA), bağımsız örneklemler için t-testi ve betimsel analiz
gerçekleştirilmiştir. 

References

  • Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS Uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Albayrak, A. S. (2006). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Alpar, R. (2011). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Barone, M. J., Palan K. M., & Miniard, P. W. (2004). Brand Usage and Gender as Moderators of the Potential Deception Associated with Partial Comparative Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 33(1), 19-28.
  • Barone, M. J., & Miniard, P. W. (1999). How and When Factual Ad Claims Mislead Consumers: Examining the Deceptive Consequences of Copy x Copy Interactions for Partial Comparative Advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(1), 58-74.
  • Belch, G. E. (1981). An Examination of Comparative and Noncomparative Television Commercials: The Effects of Claim Variation and Repetition on Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance. Journal of Marketing Resecearh, 18(3), 333-349.
  • Brown, S. W., & Jackson, D. W. (1977). Comparative Television Advertising: Examining its Nature and Frequency. Journal of Advertising, 6(4), 15-18. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Deneysel Desenler. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chang, C. (2005). Gender Differences in Processing Comparative Advertising in a Competitive Context-Evidence for Differential Strategies. (Extended Abstract). Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 6, 357-358.
  • Chang, C. (2007). The Relative Effectiveness of Comparative and Noncomparative Advertising: Evidence forGender Differences in Information-Processing Strategies. Journal of Advertising, 36(1), 21-35.
  • Choi, Y. K., & Miracle, G. E. (2004). The Effectiveness of Comparative Advertising in Korea and The Unıted States: A Cross-Cultural and Individual-Level Analysis. Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 75-87.
  • Chow, C. W. C., & Luk, C.-L. (2006). Effects of Comparative Advertising in High-and Low-Cognitive Elaboration Conditions. Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 55-67.
  • Çetin, B., İlhan M., & Arslan S. (2012). Öğretmen Adaylarının Benimsedikleri Eğitim Felsefelerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(5), 149-170.
  • Demirdjian, Z. S. (1983). Sales Effectiveness of Comparative Advertising: An Experimental Field Investigation. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(3), 362-364.
  • Dröge, C. (1989). Shaping the Route to Attitude Change: Central Versus Peripheral Processing Through Comparative Versus Noncomparative Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 26(2), 193-204.
  • Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Ölçeklerde Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 211-216.
  • Golden, L. L. (1979). Consumer Reactions to Explicit Brand Comparisons in Advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(4), 517-532.
  • Goodwin, S., & Etgar, M. (1980). An Experimental Investigation of Comparative Advertising: Impact of Message Appeal, Information Load, and Utility of Product Class. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(2), 187-202.
  • Gorn, G. J., & Weinberg, C. B. (1984). The Impact of Comparative Advertising on Perception and Attitude: Some Positive Findings. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(2), 719-727.
  • Grossbart, S., Muehling, D. D., & Kangun, N. (1986). Verbal and Visual References to Competition in Comparative Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 15(1), 10-23.
  • Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393-416.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). Akademik Tükenmişlik ile Sınıf Değerlendirme Atmosferi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 51-68.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H. (2009). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. İzmit: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş.
  • Jain, S. P., Buchanan, B., & Maheswaran, D. (2000). Comparative Versus Noncomparative Advertising: The Moderating Impact of Prepurchase Attribute Verifiability. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(4), 201-211.
  • Jeon, J. O. & Beatty, S. E. (2002). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness in Different National Cultures. Journal of Business Research, 55, 907–913.
  • Kelley, M. S. (1997). The Effects of Processing Goal and Featured attribute on The Processing of Comparative and Noncomparative Advertisement. Doktora Tezi, Maryland: University of Maryland, Department of Marketing.
  • Kleiser, S. B. (1996). Decision Process Heterogeneity: The Roles of Comparative Advertising and Model Specification. Doktora Tezi, Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Marketing.
  • Konsolaki, K. (2014). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: The Role of Gender. 28th Annual Conference of the British Academy of Management. http://mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/marketing/bam2014/marketingandretail/developmental/178007contribution115.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2016.
  • Král, P., Machek, M., & Karel, T. (2016). Comparative Advertising in the Czech Republic: An Empirical Study. Central European Business Review, 5(4), 34-46.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
  • Manzur, E., Uribe, R., Hidalgo, P., vd. (2012). Comparative advertising Effectiveness in Latin America: Evidence From Chile. International Marketing Review, 29(3), 277-298.
  • Muehling, D. D., Stoltman, J. J., & Grossbart, S. (1990). The Impact of Comparative Advertising on Levels of Message Involvement. Journal of Advertising, 19(4), 41-50.
  • Neese, W. T., & Haynie, J. J. (2015). “The Influence of Comparative Advertising on Consumer Ethnocentrism in the American Automobile Market. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 23(3), 321-337.
  • Nye, C., W., Roth, M. S., & Shimp, T. A. (2008). Comparative Advertising in Markets Where Brands and Comparative Advertising Are Novel. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5), 851-863.
  • Otrar, M., & Argın, F. S. (2015). Öğrencilerin Sosyal Medyaya İlişkin Tutumlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 391-403.
  • Polyorat, K. (2003). The Effects of Culture and Individual Differences on the Persuasiveness of Comparative Ads. Doktora Tezi, Hawai: University of Hawai, International Management.
  • Pornpitakpan, C., & Yuan, Y. (2015). Effects of Perceived Product Similarity and Ad Claims on Brand Responses in Comparative Advertising. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 27(4), 535-558.
  • Scheiner, S. M. & Gurevitch, J. (2001). Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. 2. Baskı, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Seçer, İ., (2015), SPPS ve LISREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi, (2. Baskı), Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Shao, A. T., Bao, Y., & Gray, E. (2004). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26(2), 67-80.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Sharma, H. (2014). Impact of Brand Credibility on Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: Examining the Moderating Effects of Brand Familiarity and Brand Congruity. Doktora Tezi, Jammu: University of Jammu, Department of Management.
  • Snyder, R. (1992). Comparative Advertising and Brand Evaluation: Toward Developing a Categorization Approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(1) 15-30.
  • Sujan, M., & Dekleva, C. (1987). Product Categorization and Inference Making: Some Implications for Comparative Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 372-378.
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 5. Baskı, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Stutts, M. A. (1982). Comparative Advertising and Counterargument. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 10(3), 302-313.
  • Swinyard, W. R. (1981). The Interaction between Comparative Advertising and Copy Claim Variation. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 175-186.
  • Tabachnick B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok Değişkenli İstatistiklerin Kullanımı. (Çev. M. Baloğlu, vd.) Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Williams, K. C. (2013). Comparative Advertising as a Competitive Tool. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 7(4), 47-62.
  • Yagci, M., Biswas, A., & Dutta, S. (2009). Effects of Comparative Advertising Format on Consumer Responses: The Moderating Effects of Brand İmage and Attribute Relevance. Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 768-774.
Year 2020, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 233 - 255, 02.05.2020

Abstract

References

  • Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal Bilimlerde SPSS Uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık.
  • Albayrak, A. S. (2006). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri. Ankara: Asil Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
  • Alpar, R. (2011). Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistiksel Yöntemler. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Barone, M. J., Palan K. M., & Miniard, P. W. (2004). Brand Usage and Gender as Moderators of the Potential Deception Associated with Partial Comparative Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 33(1), 19-28.
  • Barone, M. J., & Miniard, P. W. (1999). How and When Factual Ad Claims Mislead Consumers: Examining the Deceptive Consequences of Copy x Copy Interactions for Partial Comparative Advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 36(1), 58-74.
  • Belch, G. E. (1981). An Examination of Comparative and Noncomparative Television Commercials: The Effects of Claim Variation and Repetition on Cognitive Response and Message Acceptance. Journal of Marketing Resecearh, 18(3), 333-349.
  • Brown, S. W., & Jackson, D. W. (1977). Comparative Television Advertising: Examining its Nature and Frequency. Journal of Advertising, 6(4), 15-18. Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2011). Deneysel Desenler. 3. Baskı, Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
  • Chang, C. (2005). Gender Differences in Processing Comparative Advertising in a Competitive Context-Evidence for Differential Strategies. (Extended Abstract). Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research, 6, 357-358.
  • Chang, C. (2007). The Relative Effectiveness of Comparative and Noncomparative Advertising: Evidence forGender Differences in Information-Processing Strategies. Journal of Advertising, 36(1), 21-35.
  • Choi, Y. K., & Miracle, G. E. (2004). The Effectiveness of Comparative Advertising in Korea and The Unıted States: A Cross-Cultural and Individual-Level Analysis. Journal of Advertising, 33(4), 75-87.
  • Chow, C. W. C., & Luk, C.-L. (2006). Effects of Comparative Advertising in High-and Low-Cognitive Elaboration Conditions. Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 55-67.
  • Çetin, B., İlhan M., & Arslan S. (2012). Öğretmen Adaylarının Benimsedikleri Eğitim Felsefelerinin Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies, 5(5), 149-170.
  • Demirdjian, Z. S. (1983). Sales Effectiveness of Comparative Advertising: An Experimental Field Investigation. Journal of Consumer Research, 10(3), 362-364.
  • Dröge, C. (1989). Shaping the Route to Attitude Change: Central Versus Peripheral Processing Through Comparative Versus Noncomparative Advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 26(2), 193-204.
  • Ercan, İ., & Kan, İ. (2004). Ölçeklerde Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 211-216.
  • Golden, L. L. (1979). Consumer Reactions to Explicit Brand Comparisons in Advertisements. Journal of Marketing Research, 16(4), 517-532.
  • Goodwin, S., & Etgar, M. (1980). An Experimental Investigation of Comparative Advertising: Impact of Message Appeal, Information Load, and Utility of Product Class. Journal of Marketing Research, 17(2), 187-202.
  • Gorn, G. J., & Weinberg, C. B. (1984). The Impact of Comparative Advertising on Perception and Attitude: Some Positive Findings. Journal of Consumer Research, 11(2), 719-727.
  • Grossbart, S., Muehling, D. D., & Kangun, N. (1986). Verbal and Visual References to Competition in Comparative Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 15(1), 10-23.
  • Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393-416.
  • İlhan, M., & Çetin, B. (2014). Akademik Tükenmişlik ile Sınıf Değerlendirme Atmosferi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 51-68.
  • İslamoğlu, A. H. (2009). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. İzmit: Beta Basım Yayım Dağıtım A.Ş.
  • Jain, S. P., Buchanan, B., & Maheswaran, D. (2000). Comparative Versus Noncomparative Advertising: The Moderating Impact of Prepurchase Attribute Verifiability. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(4), 201-211.
  • Jeon, J. O. & Beatty, S. E. (2002). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness in Different National Cultures. Journal of Business Research, 55, 907–913.
  • Kelley, M. S. (1997). The Effects of Processing Goal and Featured attribute on The Processing of Comparative and Noncomparative Advertisement. Doktora Tezi, Maryland: University of Maryland, Department of Marketing.
  • Kleiser, S. B. (1996). Decision Process Heterogeneity: The Roles of Comparative Advertising and Model Specification. Doktora Tezi, Cincinnati: University of Cincinnati, Department of Marketing.
  • Konsolaki, K. (2014). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: The Role of Gender. 28th Annual Conference of the British Academy of Management. http://mbsportal.bl.uk/taster/subjareas/marketing/bam2014/marketingandretail/developmental/178007contribution115.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 14.12.2016.
  • Král, P., Machek, M., & Karel, T. (2016). Comparative Advertising in the Czech Republic: An Empirical Study. Central European Business Review, 5(4), 34-46.
  • Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
  • Manzur, E., Uribe, R., Hidalgo, P., vd. (2012). Comparative advertising Effectiveness in Latin America: Evidence From Chile. International Marketing Review, 29(3), 277-298.
  • Muehling, D. D., Stoltman, J. J., & Grossbart, S. (1990). The Impact of Comparative Advertising on Levels of Message Involvement. Journal of Advertising, 19(4), 41-50.
  • Neese, W. T., & Haynie, J. J. (2015). “The Influence of Comparative Advertising on Consumer Ethnocentrism in the American Automobile Market. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 23(3), 321-337.
  • Nye, C., W., Roth, M. S., & Shimp, T. A. (2008). Comparative Advertising in Markets Where Brands and Comparative Advertising Are Novel. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(5), 851-863.
  • Otrar, M., & Argın, F. S. (2015). Öğrencilerin Sosyal Medyaya İlişkin Tutumlarını Belirlemeye Yönelik Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 391-403.
  • Polyorat, K. (2003). The Effects of Culture and Individual Differences on the Persuasiveness of Comparative Ads. Doktora Tezi, Hawai: University of Hawai, International Management.
  • Pornpitakpan, C., & Yuan, Y. (2015). Effects of Perceived Product Similarity and Ad Claims on Brand Responses in Comparative Advertising. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 27(4), 535-558.
  • Scheiner, S. M. & Gurevitch, J. (2001). Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments. 2. Baskı, New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Seçer, İ., (2015), SPPS ve LISREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi, (2. Baskı), Anı Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Shao, A. T., Bao, Y., & Gray, E. (2004). Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26(2), 67-80.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied Multivariate Techniques. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Sharma, H. (2014). Impact of Brand Credibility on Comparative Advertising Effectiveness: Examining the Moderating Effects of Brand Familiarity and Brand Congruity. Doktora Tezi, Jammu: University of Jammu, Department of Management.
  • Snyder, R. (1992). Comparative Advertising and Brand Evaluation: Toward Developing a Categorization Approach. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(1) 15-30.
  • Sujan, M., & Dekleva, C. (1987). Product Categorization and Inference Making: Some Implications for Comparative Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(3), 372-378.
  • Stevens, J. P. (2009). Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences. 5. Baskı, New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Stutts, M. A. (1982). Comparative Advertising and Counterargument. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 10(3), 302-313.
  • Swinyard, W. R. (1981). The Interaction between Comparative Advertising and Copy Claim Variation. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(2), 175-186.
  • Tabachnick B. G. & Fidell, L. S. (2015). Çok Değişkenli İstatistiklerin Kullanımı. (Çev. M. Baloğlu, vd.) Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
  • Williams, K. C. (2013). Comparative Advertising as a Competitive Tool. Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness, 7(4), 47-62.
  • Yagci, M., Biswas, A., & Dutta, S. (2009). Effects of Comparative Advertising Format on Consumer Responses: The Moderating Effects of Brand İmage and Attribute Relevance. Journal of Business Research, 62(8), 768-774.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

İbrahim Aydın 0000-0002-0720-364X

Publication Date May 2, 2020
Acceptance Date April 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aydın, İ. (2020). KARŞILAŞTIRMALI REKLAMLARIN TÜKETİCİLERDE NEDEN OLDUĞU TUTUM FARKLILIKLARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI. Ekonomik Ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 16(1), 233-255.

Adress: Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 14030 Gölköy-BOLU

Tel: 0 374 254 10 00 / 14 86 Fax: 0 374 253 45 21 E-mail: iibfdergi@ibu.edu.tr

ISSN (Publish) : 1306-2174 ISSN (Electronic) : 1306-3553