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Erken On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Amerikan Yaşam Ve Kültürüne Uygun Bir Edebi Tür Olarak Kısa Öykü

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1-2, 43 - 55, 08.01.2024

Abstract

Bu makale, erken on dokuzuncu yüzyıl ABD yaşamı ve kültüründe kısa öykünün farklı ve benzersiz şekilde uygun bir edebi tür olarak yükselişini incelemektedir. Batı dünyasındaki sosyo-kültürel ve politik gelişmelerle birlikte yeni hassasiyetler ortaya çıkmış, türün hızla ilerlemesi sağlanmıştır. Bölgesel genişleme, süratli bir ilerleme ve macera arayışı ile biçimlenen sosyal hayat, dinamik bir yaşam tarzını teşvik ederek Avrupa’ya kıyasla farklı bir karaktere sahipti. Bu aktif bağlam içinde, toplumun edebi ilgisi, kolay erişilebilirlik ve hızlı tüketim sunan bir tür olan kısa öyküye kaydı. Bu kurmaca eserlerin bir oturuşta okunabilen kısalığı, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yankı uyandırdı ve periyodik yayınlarla popülerlik kazanarak daha geniş toplumu etkili bir şekilde büyüledi. Ayrıca, eskiz ve hikâyenin unsurlarını harmanlayan kısa öykü, bir veya birkaç kişiyi içeren belirli bir durum veya olayı ele alan ve karmaşık tefekkürden ziyade duygusal tepkiler uyandırmayı amaçlayan özlü anlatılara odaklandı. Kapsamlı ayrıntılar üzerindeki etkiye bu kasıtlı odaklanma, özellikle hızla ilerleyen ve anında yankı arayan bir toplum için oldukça uygun olan kısa öyküyü Amerikan kültürü içinde benzersiz ve etkileyici bir edebi biçim olarak konumlandırdı. Tüm bu saptamaların sonucunda görülmektedir ki, pek çok yazar bu türü benimsemekle birlikte kısa öykünün Amerikan edebiyatındaki önemli yerine katkıda bulunmuştur ve erken ABD yaşamının hızla gelişen sosyo-kültürel dokusunu şekillendirmedeki rolünü sağlamlaştırmıştır.

Thanks

Tez danışmanım Dr. Yonca Denizarslanı'na teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Denizarslanı, Y. (2014). “A Contemporary Review of Sense of Place and Border in Nineteenth Century Narratives of American Expansionism”. International Journal of Language Academy. Spring, 209-228.
  • Ghasemi, P. “Socio-Historical Factors in the Emergence of the Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (17 Ağustos 2019) https://www.academia.edu/2581168/Socio-Historical_factors_in_the_Emergence_of_the_Short_Story
  • Gümüş, S. (2003). Öykünün Bahçesi. İstanbul: Adam Yayınları.
  • Hansen, A. J. “Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (2 Temmuz 2019) https://www.britannica.com/art/short-story
  • Hershman, T. (2015) “The History of the Short Story”. Courttia N., Hershman T. (Ed.), Writing Short Stories: A Writers’ and Artists’ Companion. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • March–Russell, P. (2009). Short Story: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Nagel, J. (2015). The American Short Story Handbook. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Ostdick, N. “The Origins and History of the American Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (3 Eylül 2019) https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/the-origins-and-history-of-the-american-short-story
  • Pasco, A. H. (1991). “On Defining Short Stories”. New Literary History, (22) 2, 407–422. Erişim Adresi: (13 Ağustos 2019) www.jstor.org/stable/469046.
  • Scofield, M. (2006). The Cambridge Introduction to American Short Story. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, J. J. (2018). American Short Story Cycle. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Turner, F. J. (1893). “The Importance of the Frontier in American History”. Erişim Adresi: (5 Ağustos 2022) https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/17-conquering-the-west/frederick-jackson-turner-significance-of-the-frontier-in-american-history-1893/

Short Story as a Literary Genre Appropriate to the Early Nineteenth Century US Life and Culture

Year 2023, Volume: 4 Issue: 1-2, 43 - 55, 08.01.2024

Abstract

This article explores the rise of the short story as a distinct and uniquely suited literary genre in the nineteenth century United States life and culture. The Western world witnessed significant socio-cultural and political improvements during this time, giving rise to new sensitivities that propelled the rapid progress of the short story genre. In the United States, social life was characterized by territorial expansion and a relentless quest for progress and adventure, which endowed it with a distinctive character compared to Europe. This active context fostered a dynamic and ever-moving lifestyle, and within such an environment, the literary interests of US society shifted towards the short story. The short story offered easy accessibility and quick consumption, resonating with the developing country and gaining popularity through periodic publications that effectively captivated a broader society. The brevity of these fictional works allowed readers to engage with them in a single sitting, catering to the fast-paced nature of American life. Furthermore, the short story genre blended elements of the sketch and the story, focusing on concise narratives that dealt with specific situations or events involving one or a few individuals. Rather than encouraging intricate contemplation, these stories aimed to evoke emotional responses, emphasizing impact over extensive detail. This deliberate focus on impact made the short story a unique and compelling literary technique within American culture. It suited a society that was rapidly advancing and seeking immediate resonance. The short story became a means for authors to capture the essence of the times and explore the complexities of American life in condensed yet powerful narratives. Consequently, many authors embraced this genre, contributing to its significant place in American literature. The short story genre not only solidified its role in shaping the cultural fabric of early US life but also had a profound impact on the quickly evolving social structure. It provided a platform for authors to navigate themes such as identity, morality, and the human condition within the context of a developing nation. Through these narratives, readers gained insights into the triumphs, struggles, and aspirations of a society in constant motion. In conclusion, the rise of the short story genre in early United States life and culture was propelled by the unique socio-cultural and political dynamics of the time. The genre’s brevity, accessibility, and focus on impact made it particularly well-suited for a society driven by progress and seeking immediate resonance. By embracing the short story, American authors played a pivotal role in shaping the literary landscape and reflecting the evolving social structure and cultural fabric of the nation.

References

  • Denizarslanı, Y. (2014). “A Contemporary Review of Sense of Place and Border in Nineteenth Century Narratives of American Expansionism”. International Journal of Language Academy. Spring, 209-228.
  • Ghasemi, P. “Socio-Historical Factors in the Emergence of the Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (17 Ağustos 2019) https://www.academia.edu/2581168/Socio-Historical_factors_in_the_Emergence_of_the_Short_Story
  • Gümüş, S. (2003). Öykünün Bahçesi. İstanbul: Adam Yayınları.
  • Hansen, A. J. “Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (2 Temmuz 2019) https://www.britannica.com/art/short-story
  • Hershman, T. (2015) “The History of the Short Story”. Courttia N., Hershman T. (Ed.), Writing Short Stories: A Writers’ and Artists’ Companion. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
  • March–Russell, P. (2009). Short Story: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Nagel, J. (2015). The American Short Story Handbook. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Ostdick, N. “The Origins and History of the American Short Story”. Erişim Adresi: (3 Eylül 2019) https://blog.bookstellyouwhy.com/the-origins-and-history-of-the-american-short-story
  • Pasco, A. H. (1991). “On Defining Short Stories”. New Literary History, (22) 2, 407–422. Erişim Adresi: (13 Ağustos 2019) www.jstor.org/stable/469046.
  • Scofield, M. (2006). The Cambridge Introduction to American Short Story. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Smith, J. J. (2018). American Short Story Cycle. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Turner, F. J. (1893). “The Importance of the Frontier in American History”. Erişim Adresi: (5 Ağustos 2022) https://www.americanyawp.com/reader/17-conquering-the-west/frederick-jackson-turner-significance-of-the-frontier-in-american-history-1893/
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects World Languages, Literature and Culture (Other)
Journal Section Research
Authors

Erel Mez 0000-0002-0011-5743

Publication Date January 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 4 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA Mez, E. (2024). Erken On Dokuzuncu Yüzyıl Amerikan Yaşam Ve Kültürüne Uygun Bir Edebi Tür Olarak Kısa Öykü. Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1-2), 43-55.