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LGBT+ Dimension of Therapeutic Violence

Year 2024, Volume: 5, 21 - 35, 09.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.70029/esbd.1405610

Abstract

This study deals with therapeutic violence based on the concept of violence and investigates the effects of different dimensions of therapeutic violence on LGBT+ clients. Since the concept of therapeutic violence is multidimensional, the subject was discussed in general terms and the issue of therapeutic violence in the context of LGBT+ was elaborated. When the studies conducted in this field are examined, there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of psychological interventions in the context of therapeutic violence against LGBT+ individuals, nor are there any longitudinal follow-up studies of homosexual clients who have received a specific counselling service or therapy. In Turkey, there are also insufficient studies addressing the LGBT+ dimension of therapeutic violence and its effects on homosexual clients. Research to be conducted in this direction will contribute to determining the forms of factors that create therapeutic violence in the context of homosexual clients, revealing the current results and then working on necessary measures.
The main findings of this study are that therapists’ attitudes, knowledge and practices can both create and reduce therapeutic violence and that they should be aware of the reality and stereotypes of the non-heterosexual world. Counsellors’ adequate knowledge in this area may lead to less prejudiced attitudes and less heterosexual assumptions. However, therapists need to be free from heteronormative prejudices. The therapeutic relationship with LGBT+ clients is as important a factor in preventing therapeutic violence as it is with non-LGBT+ clients.
How the therapeutic process is overshadowed by the therapists’ assumptions and attitudes is a separate topic of discussion; the therapist’s implicit assumptions and attitudes about the actions and decisions of LGBT+ clients have the potential to create conflict and hinder therapeutic effectiveness. Therefore, while the therapist claims to understand LGBT+ clients, he/she should remember that he/she should support this with a theoretical structure, not with his/her assumptions.

References

  • Adams, H. E., Wright Jr, L. W. ve Lohr, B. A. (1996). Is homophobiaassociated with homosexual arousal? Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 440-445. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.440
  • Adshead, G., Moore, E., Humphrey, M., Wilson, C. ve Tapp, J. (2013). The role of mentalising in the management of violence. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 19(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008243
  • Akdoğan, R. ve Ceyhan, E. (2011). Terapötik İlişkide İnsan Faktörü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 117 - 141.
  • Bachelor, A. (1995). Clients’ perception of the therapeutic alliance: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.3.323
  • Ballou, M. (1995). Psychological Interventions. (1. Basım). ABC-CLIO.
  • Bilgin, N. G. (2013). Ötanazi: tanım ve tarihçe. Lokman Hekim Journal, 3(2), 25-31.
  • Blackman, J. S. (2012). The Therapist’s Answer Book. (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Clay, G. (1996). Gay Bashers . Menstuff: http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/gaybashers.html
  • Cowan, E. ve Peterbury, J.H. (2000). Meeting client resistance and reactance with reverence. Journal of Counseling and Development,, 78(4), 411-429. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.20 00.tb01924.x
  • Cummings, N. ve Sayama, M. (2013). Focused Psychotherapy: A Casebook Of Brief Intermittent Psychotherapy Throughout The Life Cycle. Taylor and Francis.
  • Daniels, J. K. ve Anadria, D. (2019). Experiencing and Witnessing Patient Violence-an Occupational Risk for Outpatient Therapists? Psychiatric Quarterly, 90, 533–541. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09648-x
  • Daw, J. (2019, Ağustos 30). Psychological Violence . Safe lives: https://safelives.org.uk/SafeLives-
  • research-psychological-abuse
  • Drescher, J. (2004a). Psychoanalytic Therapy and the Gay Man. (e-kitap). Taylor and Francis.
  • Drescher, J. (2004b, Ekim). The Closet: Psychological Issues of Being In and Coming Out. Psychiatric Times:https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/closet-psychological-issues-being-and-coming- out
  • Dryden, W. (2013). Rationality and Pluralism: The selected works of Windy Dryden. Taylor and Francis. https://www.routledge.com/Rationality-and-Pluralism-The-selected-works-of-Windy-Dryden/ Dryden/p/book/9780415813778
  • Fisher, J. E., Hayes, S. C. ve O’Donohue, W. T. (2004). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Applying Empirically Supported Techniques in Your Practice. Wiley.
  • Fisher, R. (2002). Experiential Psychotherapy with Couples: A Guide for the Creative. Zeig Tucker & Theisen Publishers. https://books.google.nl/books/about/Experiential_Psychotherapy_with_ Couples.html?id=YNw6V7R2LTkC&redir_esc=y
  • Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 905-925. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x
  • Hersoug, A. G., Høglend, P., Monsen, J. T. ve Havik, O. E. (2001). Qualityof working alliance in psychotherapy: Therapist variables and patient/therapist similarity as predictors. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice ve Research, 10(4), 205–216.
  • Hick, S. F., Bien, T. (2008). Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship. (1.Basım) Guilford Press.
  • Israel, T., Gorcheva, R., Walther, W. A., Sulzner, J. M. ve Cohen, J. (2008). Therapists’ helpful and unhelpful situations with LGBT clients: An exploratory study. Research and Practice, 39(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.39.3.361
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Killaspy, H., Nazareth, I. ve Osborn, D. (2007). A systematic review of research on counselling and psychotherapy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. BACP.
  • Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B. ve Lozano, R. (2022). World report on violence and health. World Health Organization: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/ 10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (2003). Etik ve etikler. Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri, 423(1), 7-9.
  • Kugler, B., Clark, A., Gurner, J., Collins, J., McCollum, S. M. ve Schnapp, J. (t. y.). What does a therapist do if their client doesn’t trust them? https://quora.com/What-does-a-therapist-do-if-their-client-doesnt-trust-them
  • Mair, D. (2003). Gay men’s experiences of therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 3(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140312331384608
  • Malinen, T., Cooper, S.J., ve Thomas, F. N. (2013). Masters of Narrative and Collaborative
  • Therapies. (1. Baskı). Taylor & Francis
  • Matur, M. (2021, Şubat). Eşcinsellik hastalık mıdır? Eşcinselliğin tarihçesi ve bugünü. Molatik: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/molatik/iliskiler/escinsellik-hastalik-midir-escinselligin-tarihcesi-ve-bugunu-88869
  • McNamee, S., Gergen, M. M., Camargo-Borges, C., ve Rasera, E. F. (2020). The Sage Handbook of Social Constructionist Practice. SAGE Publications Inc.
  • MEB. (2011). Meslek Etiği. (1.Basım). MEB Yayınları.
  • Meloy, R., Hoffmann, J. (2021). Explicit Threats of Violence. L. J. Warren, R. Z. Basocak, T. Bobera, S. J. Chamberlain, P. E. Mullen, ve T. E. McEwan (Edl.), International Handbook of Threat Assessment (ss. 22-44. ). Oxford University Press.
  • Meyer, I. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.129.5.674
  • Murat, L. (2012). Cinsiyet Yasası: Ücüncü Cinsin Kültür tarihi. (1.Basım). Dost Kitapevi.
  • Mynextadventure. (2019, Temmuz 31). Urbandictionary. Gaybaiter: https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Gaybaiter
  • ORAM-– İltica, Sığınma ve Göç Örgütü. (2010, Aralık). Sığınma ve Mülteci Statüsü İşlemlerinde Pletismografinin Bilimsel ve Yasal Analizi. https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?reldoc=y&docid=524c0d774
  • Özer, İ. Ö. (2017). Terapötik Yolculukta Bir Tümsek: DİRENÇ. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.295994
  • Öztürk, E. ve Ayhan, H. (2021). Psikoterapinin Temel İlkeleri ve Temel Bileşenleri. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilimi Dergisi, 1(6), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.908609
  • Price, P. B. ve Jones, E. E. (1998). Examining the alliance using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 35(3), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087654
  • Rabelle, B. (2020, Haziran). Fin de vie : L’Association pour le Droit de Mourir dans la Dignité fait escale à Dieppe et à Caen. https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/dieppe/fin-vie-association-droit- mourir-dign
  • Reynolds, R. (2015, Temmuz). Examination of children affected by family and domestic violence.https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/49.%20National%20LGBTI%20Health%20Alliance.pdf
  • Sembera, R. (2017). Metapsychology for Contemporary Psychoanalysis. (e-kitap). Taylor and Francis.
  • Rosario, A. V. (2003). An interview with Judd Marmor, MD. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 7(4), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J236v07n04_03
  • Roughton, R. E. (2002). Being gay and becoming a psychoanalyst: across three generations. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 6(1), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1300/J236v06n01_04
  • Safran, J. D. ve Muran, J. C. (2000). Resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures: Diversity and integration. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 233-243.
  • Sanders, C. J. (2014). Narrative poetics of resistance: Towards an aesthetics of engagement. (e-kitap). Tilburg University.
  • Saygılı, İ. (2021). Elmaları kim çürüttü. Psikeart,74, 27.
  • Scott, D. T. (2018). ‘Coming out of the closet’ – examining a metaphor. Annals of the International Communication Association, 42(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 23808985.2018.1474374
  • Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the Closet. (1. Basım). University of California Press.
  • Set, Z. (2022, Nisan 5). Yardım ilişkisinde değerlerin eyleme geçirilmesi/ İlk değer empati. Arel Uzem.: https://uzem.arel.edu.tr/mod/adobeconnect/view.php?id=884537
  • Shidlo, A., Drescher, J. ve Schroeder, M. (2001). Sexual Conversion Therapy: Ethical, Clinical and Research Perspectives. Haworth Medical Press.
  • Tar, Y. ve Güner, U. (2015). Medyada LGBTİ’lere Yönelik Nefret Söylemi. (1.Basım). Ayrıntı Basımevi.
  • TDK. (2023). Şiddet. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözcükleri: https://sozluk.gov.tr
  • TPD. (2004, Nisan 19). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. Türk Psikologlar Derneği: https://psikolog.org.tr/belgeler/etik-yonetmeligi-qbf8w.pdf
  • Tuna, E. (2016). Psikoterapide Direnci Anlamak ve Dirençle Çalışmak. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(3), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.31682/ ayna.470691
  • Wright, J. H., Sudak, D., Turkington, D. ve Thase, M. E. (2010). High-yield Cognitive-behavior Therapy for Brief Sessions. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
  • Yüksel, Ş., Yetkin N. (Edl.). (2013). Bilgilendirme Dosyası-10 Eşcinsellik. (ss. 36). CETAD.

Terapötik Şiddetin LGBT+ Boyutu

Year 2024, Volume: 5, 21 - 35, 09.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.70029/esbd.1405610

Abstract

Bu çalışma şiddet kavramından yola çıkarak terapötik şiddeti ele almış ve terapötik şiddetin farklı boyutlarının LGBT+ danışanlarına etkisini araştırmıştır. Terapötik şiddet kavramı çok boyutlu olduğu için konu genel hatlarıyla ele alınmış ve LGBT+ bağlamında terapötik şiddet konusu detaylandırılmıştır. Bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde LGBT+ bireylere yönelik terapötik şiddet bağlamında psikolojik müdahalelerin etkinliğini değerlendiren herhangi bir çalışma bulunmadığı gibi, belirli bir danışma hizmeti veya terapi almış eşcinsel danışanların boylamsal takip çalışmalarına da rastlanmamıştır. Türkiye’de terapötik şiddetin LGBT+ boyutunu ve eşcinsel danışanlara etkilerini ele alan çalışmalar da yeterli değildir. Bu doğrultuda yapılacak araştırmalar, eşcinsel danışanlar bağlamında terapötik şiddeti yaratan faktörlerin biçimlerinin belirlenmesine, mevcut sonuçların ortaya konulmasına ve sonrasında gerekli önlemler üzerinde çalışılmasına katkı sağlayacaktır. Bu çalışmanın temel bulguları, terapistlerin tutum, bilgi ve uygulamalarının terapötik şiddeti hem yaratabileceği hem de azaltabileceği ve heteroseksüel olmayan dünyanın gerçekliğinin ve stereotiplerinin farkında olmaları gerektiğidir. Danışma hizmeti verenlerin bu alanda yeterli bilgiye sahip olması daha az önyargılı tutumlar sergilemesine ve daha az heteroseksüel varsayımlarda bulunmasına yol açabilir. Bununla birlikte, terapistlerin heteronormatif önyargılardan arınmış olmaları gerekmektedir. Terapötik şiddetin önüne geçmek için kurulacak terapötik ilişki, LGBT+ olmayan danışanlarda olduğu gibi LGBT+ danışanlarla da önemli bir faktörüdür. Terapötik sürecin, terapistlerin varsayımları ve tutumları tarafından nasıl gölgelendiği ayrı bir tartışma konusudur; terapistin LGBT+ danışanların eylemleri ve kararları hakkındaki örtük varsayımları ve tutumları çatışma yaratabileceği gibi terapötik etkinliği engelleyebilecek potansiyele sahiptir. Dolayısıyla terapist LGBT+ danışanları anladığını iddia ederken bunu varsayımlarıyla değil kuramsal bir yapıyla desteklemesi gerektiğini unutmamalıdır.

Ethical Statement

Araştırma, Etik Kurul Kararı gerektirmemektedir.

Supporting Institution

Bu çalışma için herhangi bir kurumdan finansal destek alınmamıştır.

References

  • Adams, H. E., Wright Jr, L. W. ve Lohr, B. A. (1996). Is homophobiaassociated with homosexual arousal? Abnormal Psychology, 105(3), 440-445. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.105.3.440
  • Adshead, G., Moore, E., Humphrey, M., Wilson, C. ve Tapp, J. (2013). The role of mentalising in the management of violence. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 19(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.110.008243
  • Akdoğan, R. ve Ceyhan, E. (2011). Terapötik İlişkide İnsan Faktörü. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(1), 117 - 141.
  • Bachelor, A. (1995). Clients’ perception of the therapeutic alliance: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42(2), 323-337. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.42.3.323
  • Ballou, M. (1995). Psychological Interventions. (1. Basım). ABC-CLIO.
  • Bilgin, N. G. (2013). Ötanazi: tanım ve tarihçe. Lokman Hekim Journal, 3(2), 25-31.
  • Blackman, J. S. (2012). The Therapist’s Answer Book. (1. Basım). Routledge.
  • Clay, G. (1996). Gay Bashers . Menstuff: http://www.menstuff.org/issues/byissue/gaybashers.html
  • Cowan, E. ve Peterbury, J.H. (2000). Meeting client resistance and reactance with reverence. Journal of Counseling and Development,, 78(4), 411-429. https://doi.org/doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.20 00.tb01924.x
  • Cummings, N. ve Sayama, M. (2013). Focused Psychotherapy: A Casebook Of Brief Intermittent Psychotherapy Throughout The Life Cycle. Taylor and Francis.
  • Daniels, J. K. ve Anadria, D. (2019). Experiencing and Witnessing Patient Violence-an Occupational Risk for Outpatient Therapists? Psychiatric Quarterly, 90, 533–541. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1007/s11126-019-09648-x
  • Daw, J. (2019, Ağustos 30). Psychological Violence . Safe lives: https://safelives.org.uk/SafeLives-
  • research-psychological-abuse
  • Drescher, J. (2004a). Psychoanalytic Therapy and the Gay Man. (e-kitap). Taylor and Francis.
  • Drescher, J. (2004b, Ekim). The Closet: Psychological Issues of Being In and Coming Out. Psychiatric Times:https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/closet-psychological-issues-being-and-coming- out
  • Dryden, W. (2013). Rationality and Pluralism: The selected works of Windy Dryden. Taylor and Francis. https://www.routledge.com/Rationality-and-Pluralism-The-selected-works-of-Windy-Dryden/ Dryden/p/book/9780415813778
  • Fisher, J. E., Hayes, S. C. ve O’Donohue, W. T. (2004). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Applying Empirically Supported Techniques in Your Practice. Wiley.
  • Fisher, R. (2002). Experiential Psychotherapy with Couples: A Guide for the Creative. Zeig Tucker & Theisen Publishers. https://books.google.nl/books/about/Experiential_Psychotherapy_with_ Couples.html?id=YNw6V7R2LTkC&redir_esc=y
  • Herek, G. M. (2007). Confronting sexual stigma and prejudice: Theory and practice. Journal of. Journal of Social Issues, 63(4), 905-925. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00544.x
  • Hersoug, A. G., Høglend, P., Monsen, J. T. ve Havik, O. E. (2001). Qualityof working alliance in psychotherapy: Therapist variables and patient/therapist similarity as predictors. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice ve Research, 10(4), 205–216.
  • Hick, S. F., Bien, T. (2008). Mindfulness and the Therapeutic Relationship. (1.Basım) Guilford Press.
  • Israel, T., Gorcheva, R., Walther, W. A., Sulzner, J. M. ve Cohen, J. (2008). Therapists’ helpful and unhelpful situations with LGBT clients: An exploratory study. Research and Practice, 39(3), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7028.39.3.361
  • King, M., Semlyen, J., Killaspy, H., Nazareth, I. ve Osborn, D. (2007). A systematic review of research on counselling and psychotherapy for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people. BACP.
  • Krug, E. G., Dahlberg, L. L., Mercy, J. A., Zwi, A. B. ve Lozano, R. (2022). World report on violence and health. World Health Organization: https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/ 10665/42495/9241545615_eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Kuçuradi, İ. (2003). Etik ve etikler. Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri, 423(1), 7-9.
  • Kugler, B., Clark, A., Gurner, J., Collins, J., McCollum, S. M. ve Schnapp, J. (t. y.). What does a therapist do if their client doesn’t trust them? https://quora.com/What-does-a-therapist-do-if-their-client-doesnt-trust-them
  • Mair, D. (2003). Gay men’s experiences of therapy. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 3(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140312331384608
  • Malinen, T., Cooper, S.J., ve Thomas, F. N. (2013). Masters of Narrative and Collaborative
  • Therapies. (1. Baskı). Taylor & Francis
  • Matur, M. (2021, Şubat). Eşcinsellik hastalık mıdır? Eşcinselliğin tarihçesi ve bugünü. Molatik: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/molatik/iliskiler/escinsellik-hastalik-midir-escinselligin-tarihcesi-ve-bugunu-88869
  • McNamee, S., Gergen, M. M., Camargo-Borges, C., ve Rasera, E. F. (2020). The Sage Handbook of Social Constructionist Practice. SAGE Publications Inc.
  • MEB. (2011). Meslek Etiği. (1.Basım). MEB Yayınları.
  • Meloy, R., Hoffmann, J. (2021). Explicit Threats of Violence. L. J. Warren, R. Z. Basocak, T. Bobera, S. J. Chamberlain, P. E. Mullen, ve T. E. McEwan (Edl.), International Handbook of Threat Assessment (ss. 22-44. ). Oxford University Press.
  • Meyer, I. (2003). Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychological Bulletin, 129(5), 674-697. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033- 2909.129.5.674
  • Murat, L. (2012). Cinsiyet Yasası: Ücüncü Cinsin Kültür tarihi. (1.Basım). Dost Kitapevi.
  • Mynextadventure. (2019, Temmuz 31). Urbandictionary. Gaybaiter: https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Gaybaiter
  • ORAM-– İltica, Sığınma ve Göç Örgütü. (2010, Aralık). Sığınma ve Mülteci Statüsü İşlemlerinde Pletismografinin Bilimsel ve Yasal Analizi. https://www.refworld.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/rwmain/opendocpdf.pdf?reldoc=y&docid=524c0d774
  • Özer, İ. Ö. (2017). Terapötik Yolculukta Bir Tümsek: DİRENÇ. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(3), 217-228. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.295994
  • Öztürk, E. ve Ayhan, H. (2021). Psikoterapinin Temel İlkeleri ve Temel Bileşenleri. Artuklu İnsan ve Toplum Bilimi Dergisi, 1(6), 136-158. https://doi.org/10.46628/itbhssj.908609
  • Price, P. B. ve Jones, E. E. (1998). Examining the alliance using the Psychotherapy Process Q-Set. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 35(3), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0087654
  • Rabelle, B. (2020, Haziran). Fin de vie : L’Association pour le Droit de Mourir dans la Dignité fait escale à Dieppe et à Caen. https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/dieppe/fin-vie-association-droit- mourir-dign
  • Reynolds, R. (2015, Temmuz). Examination of children affected by family and domestic violence.https://humanrights.gov.au/sites/default/files/49.%20National%20LGBTI%20Health%20Alliance.pdf
  • Sembera, R. (2017). Metapsychology for Contemporary Psychoanalysis. (e-kitap). Taylor and Francis.
  • Rosario, A. V. (2003). An interview with Judd Marmor, MD. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy, 7(4), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.1300/J236v07n04_03
  • Roughton, R. E. (2002). Being gay and becoming a psychoanalyst: across three generations. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy, 6(1), 31-43. https://doi.org/10.1300/J236v06n01_04
  • Safran, J. D. ve Muran, J. C. (2000). Resolving therapeutic alliance ruptures: Diversity and integration. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(2), 233-243.
  • Sanders, C. J. (2014). Narrative poetics of resistance: Towards an aesthetics of engagement. (e-kitap). Tilburg University.
  • Saygılı, İ. (2021). Elmaları kim çürüttü. Psikeart,74, 27.
  • Scott, D. T. (2018). ‘Coming out of the closet’ – examining a metaphor. Annals of the International Communication Association, 42(3), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 23808985.2018.1474374
  • Sedgwick, E. K. (1990). Epistemology of the Closet. (1. Basım). University of California Press.
  • Set, Z. (2022, Nisan 5). Yardım ilişkisinde değerlerin eyleme geçirilmesi/ İlk değer empati. Arel Uzem.: https://uzem.arel.edu.tr/mod/adobeconnect/view.php?id=884537
  • Shidlo, A., Drescher, J. ve Schroeder, M. (2001). Sexual Conversion Therapy: Ethical, Clinical and Research Perspectives. Haworth Medical Press.
  • Tar, Y. ve Güner, U. (2015). Medyada LGBTİ’lere Yönelik Nefret Söylemi. (1.Basım). Ayrıntı Basımevi.
  • TDK. (2023). Şiddet. Türk Dil Kurumu Sözcükleri: https://sozluk.gov.tr
  • TPD. (2004, Nisan 19). Türk Psikologlar Derneği Etik Yönetmeliği. Türk Psikologlar Derneği: https://psikolog.org.tr/belgeler/etik-yonetmeligi-qbf8w.pdf
  • Tuna, E. (2016). Psikoterapide Direnci Anlamak ve Dirençle Çalışmak. AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 3(3), 10-25. https://doi.org/10.31682/ ayna.470691
  • Wright, J. H., Sudak, D., Turkington, D. ve Thase, M. E. (2010). High-yield Cognitive-behavior Therapy for Brief Sessions. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc.
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There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Gender Psychology, Behaviour-Personality Assessment in Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

Umut Hallaç 0000-0001-7893-3001

Publication Date December 9, 2024
Submission Date December 15, 2023
Acceptance Date October 8, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 5

Cite

APA Hallaç, U. (2024). Terapötik Şiddetin LGBT+ Boyutu. Ege Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5, 21-35. https://doi.org/10.70029/esbd.1405610